【優(yōu)化方案】2014屆高考（新課標(biāo)版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)選修八　unit 2　cloning 教師配套課件

1、Unit 2　Cloning——克隆,,,本節(jié)目錄,,基礎(chǔ)盤點(diǎn)自測(cè)自評(píng),考點(diǎn)串講講練互動(dòng),[核心單詞]1．_______________ adj.簡單的;直接的;坦率的2．______________ n．突破3．___________ adv.總共;完全地4．________ vt.獲得;贏得5．________ vt.獲得;到達(dá)(水平、年齡、狀況等)6．____________ vt.&vi.積累;聚積7．__

2、___ vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等);歸功于……8．_________ vt.打擾vi.操心n.煩擾9．______ adj.虛榮的;自負(fù)的;徒勞的10．_______ vt.抵抗;對(duì)抗,straightforward,breakthrough,altogether,obtain,attain,accumulate,owe,bother,vain,resist,11．____________n．缺點(diǎn);不利條件12．_______

3、vt.崇拜;愛慕;喜愛13．_______ vt.不同;相異→different adj.不同的;與眾不同的→difference n．差異;不同14．____________ vt.著手;從事;承擔(dān)→undertook(過去式) →undertaken(過去分詞)15．______ vt.扔;投;擲→cast/cast(過去式/過去分詞)16．_______ vi.反對(duì);不贊成→objection n.不贊成;反對(duì);異議17

4、．________ vt.禁止;不準(zhǔn)→forbade (過去式)→forbidden (過去分詞)18．______ vi.退休;離開→retirement n．退休19．_________ vi.&vt.&n.打;撞擊;罷工→struck/struck(過去式/過去分詞),drawback,adore,differ,undertake,cast,object,forbid,retire,strike,[高頻短語]

5、1．_________　　得到好結(jié)果;取得成功;償清2．__________使失望;使沮喪3．__________反對(duì);不贊成4．_____________贊成;支持5．__________把……歸功于……6．_____________________一定或注定(做)……7．______________________使……刻骨銘心8．___________________不時(shí);偶爾9．________________使

6、復(fù)生;使復(fù)活10．_________白費(fèi)力氣;枉費(fèi)心機(jī)11．____________________狀況很好/壞;情況很好/壞,pay off,cast down,object to,in favour of,owe...to...,(be) bound to (do)...,strike...into one’s heart,from time to time,bring back to life,in vain,in good/

7、poor condition,[典型句式]1．同位語從句①Then came the disturbing news _______Dolly had become seriously ill.接著傳來了令人煩惱的消息——多莉得了重病。②The fact _______________to develop normally was very encouraging.多莉看來是在正常地成長著,這很令人鼓舞。2．whether..

8、.or無論……還是……However,scientists still wonder _______________________________and where it is leading us.然而,科學(xué)家一直致力于研究克隆到底會(huì)有助于我們還是會(huì)傷害我們,它將把我們引向何方。,that,that she seemed,whether cloning will help or harm us,3．The advantage i

9、s that... 優(yōu)點(diǎn)是……____________________if there is a new illness some of these animals may die.其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是,如果發(fā)生了某種新的疾病,這類動(dòng)物可能會(huì)死去。,The advantage is that,[單元語法]同位語從句1．(2012·高考重慶卷)Evidence has been found through years of study

10、________children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.A．why B．howC．whether D．that解析：選D。考查同位語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格后面的部分是解釋說明evidence的內(nèi)容的,是evidence

11、的同位語從句,從句中不缺任何成分,故選連詞that。,2．(2012·高考浙江卷)I made a promise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.A．whether B．whatC．that D．how解析：選C?？疾橥徽Z從句。此處是由that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句,指代a promise的

12、具體內(nèi)容,同時(shí)從句中不缺少成分,所以用that引導(dǎo),這里選C項(xiàng)。,3．(2013·河北高三教學(xué)質(zhì)檢)More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure, and 70% of them are unaware of the fact ________ they have the illness.A．what B．whenC．how D．t

13、hat解析：選D。考查同位語從句?！皌hat they have the illness”是同位語從句,解釋說明the fact的具體內(nèi)容。,4．(2013·蘇北四市調(diào)研)A warm thought came to me ______ I might help wash my mom’s feet on Thanksgiving Day.A．if B．whenC．which D．that解析：選D?？疾橥徽Z

14、從句。引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句,描述thought的具體內(nèi)容,用that。5．(2013·長沙市南雅中學(xué)模擬)It is reported that there is still possibility ________ the bad weather will continue.A．what B．thatC．when D．whether解析：選B?？疾橥徽Z從句。此處possibility是抽象名詞, that t

15、he bad weather will continue是同位語從句。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道惡劣天氣仍有可能繼續(xù)。,[單詞精研]1.objection　n．反對(duì);不贊成(教材P12)On the other hand,Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination.另一方面,多

16、莉的出現(xiàn)引起了一陣強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì),對(duì)媒體和公眾的想象力也產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。歸納拓展(1)raise an objection to sth.對(duì)……提出異議have/make an objection to (doing) sth.對(duì)(做)……表示反對(duì)(2)object v．反對(duì);不贊成object to...反對(duì)……,①(牛津P1372)The main objection to the plan was that it woul

17、d cost too much.反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃的主要理由是費(fèi)用過高。②As far as I’m concerned,I really object to being charged for parking.就我個(gè)人而言,我非常反對(duì)收停車費(fèi)。③(牛津P1372)If you’re late,you’ll defeat the whole object of the exercise.如果你遲到了,便不能達(dá)到整個(gè)活動(dòng)的目的。,2.

18、undertake (undertook;undertaken)　vt.著手; 從事;承擔(dān)(2012·高考福建卷·閱讀理解E)Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.　大多數(shù)的學(xué)校都承擔(dān)了為團(tuán)體或個(gè)人提供教育支持的項(xiàng)目。歸納拓展undertake a task 　　　承擔(dān)任務(wù)undertake to

19、do sth. 同意、答應(yīng)或著手做某事undertake that­clause 保證……,①(朗文P2241)Two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals.已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了兩項(xiàng)新研究以確定這些化學(xué)制品的作用。②Those reforms (which are) being undertaken current

20、ly is of great importance to the future development of the company. 公司目前正在進(jìn)行的這些改革對(duì)于公司未來的發(fā)展非常重要。③We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle,which is of great significance.我們應(yīng)該承擔(dān)過

21、低碳生活的責(zé)任,這意義重大。④He undertook to finish the job by Friday.他答應(yīng)在星期五之前完成那項(xiàng)工作。,3. forbid (forbade/forbad,forbidden)　vt. 禁止,不準(zhǔn)(教材P12)Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.　有些政府開始改革他

22、們的法律制度,禁止進(jìn)行克隆人的研究。歸納拓展(1)forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth.禁止(做)某事forbid that...禁止……(從句中常用should＋動(dòng)詞原形)(2)forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbid sb.from doing禁止某人做……(3)It’s forbidden to do sth.做某事是被禁止的,①I will forbi

23、d you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done.如果你不為自己所做的事情道歉,我不會(huì)讓你離開。②(新概念②－51)He began his diet a week ago.First of all,he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.他是從一周前開始節(jié)食的。首先,他開列了一張

24、長長的單子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物。③He was forbidden to leave the base as a punishment.作為懲罰,他被禁止離開基地。④The law forbids smoking in public buildings.法律禁止在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙。⑤He forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café！他禁

25、止我去網(wǎng)吧會(huì)見我的網(wǎng)友！,4. owe 　vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等);歸功于……,應(yīng)感謝(教材P13)You owe the lady an apology.你必須向這位女士道歉。,①(牛津P1427)Thanks for helping me—I owe you a favour.謝謝你幫助我——我欠你一個(gè)人情。②(人教⑩－25)These early settlers owed their survival to hard w

26、ork and determination to succeed.這些早期移民把他們的幸存歸功于艱苦勞動(dòng)和追求成功的決心。③We owe it to Bell that we can now talk to the people on the other side of the world.今天我們之所以能夠和遠(yuǎn)在天涯海角的人通話,應(yīng)歸功于貝爾。④Was it owing to bad weather that they had t

27、o change the schedule of leaving？當(dāng)時(shí)是由于天氣惡劣,他們才不得不改變離開的時(shí)間的嗎？,5.bother　vt.打擾　vi.操心　n．煩擾(2012·高考江西卷·閱讀表達(dá))Once you have fixed the topic, you no longer need to bother about stamps other than the theme you selected.

28、　一旦主題確定了,除了你選擇的主題,你無需再為挑選郵票而煩惱。,①What bothers me most is that he seems to take no interest in his work.最使我傷腦筋的是,他似乎對(duì)自己的工作毫無興趣。②(牛津P221)I don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment.我此刻不想讓她為我的事操心。③I don’t w

29、ant to put him to any bother,so I try doing it by myself.我不想給他添亂,所以,我試著靠自己做這件事。④—I’ll go to the post office to mail this parcel to Ann.—Why bother？I’ll see her at dinner this evening.——我要去郵局給安寄這個(gè)包裹。——不必麻煩了吧？今晚吃飯我能見到

30、她。,[跟蹤訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.完成句子1．The well­known scientist always says that he ___________________________________________(他的成功歸功于家人的支持)．2．I’m sorry to ______________________________________(麻煩你那么多問題)on such an occasion.3．We are

31、 determined to carry out the plan if __________________________ (你不反對(duì))．,owes all his success to the support of his family,have bothered you with so many questions,you have no objection,4．Who do you think is the right per

32、son _______________________(承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù))?5．Thinking they have grown up,the boys ___________________________________ (反對(duì)像孩子一樣被對(duì)待)．,to undertake the task,object to being treated like children,Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空1．(2013·安徽皖南聯(lián)考)Why____

33、____to go abroad to study,when there are so many good universities at home?A．imagine　　　　　　B．botherC．consider D．prevent 解析：選B。句意：在國內(nèi)有這么多好大學(xué),為什么還要費(fèi)力地去國外學(xué)習(xí)呢？bother to do sth.“費(fèi)力/麻煩做某事”。imagine和consider后不能直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式;preve

34、nt意為“阻止”,不符合句意。,2．He is a successful businessman;he __________ his success more to luck than to ability.A．a(chǎn)ttaches B．a(chǎn)daptsC．owes D．fastens解析：選C。句意：他是個(gè)成功的商人,他把他的成功歸功于運(yùn)氣而不是能力。owe...to符合句意。故選C。3．—Will you continue

35、to do it?—Of course.Nobody raised any __________ to my doing it right now.A．reason B．objectionC．concern D．criterion解析：選B。根據(jù)語境可知,說話人繼續(xù)做是因?yàn)闆]有人提出反對(duì)意見,故選B項(xiàng)。objection不贊成,反對(duì),異議。,4．The students are forbidden,unless they

36、 have special passes,__________ after 11 p．m..A．in staying out B．to stay outC．staying out D．stay out解析：選B。forbid sb.to do sth.意為“禁止某人做某事”,為固定短語,此處為其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。,5．(2013·湖北穩(wěn)派密卷)The police have announced that they wil

37、l ________ a full investigation into the accident.A．undertake B．a(chǎn)ccomplishC．commit D．distribute解析：選A。句意:警方已宣布將對(duì)這個(gè)事故進(jìn)行全面調(diào)查。A項(xiàng)“從事,承擔(dān),承諾”,B項(xiàng)“完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到”,C項(xiàng)“做出(錯(cuò)或非法之事),承諾,保證”,D項(xiàng)“分布,分發(fā)”。,[短語精釋]1. pay off　得到好結(jié)果;取得成功;償清(

38、朗文P1503)Mr.Li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts.李先生周末開出租車賺錢以還清他的所有債務(wù)。歸納拓展pay for sth.付某物的錢;為某事物付出代價(jià)pay sb.for sth.因某事物給某人報(bào)酬pay back償還(欠款);報(bào)復(fù),①Her design won the first prize in the competiti

39、on.Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off.她的設(shè)計(jì)在比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。多年的耐心和艱苦的工作終于得到了好的結(jié)果。②If you don’t study now,you’ll pay for it later when you fail your exams.你現(xiàn)在不好好學(xué),到考試不及格時(shí)就會(huì)為此付出代價(jià)。③He had to work part­ti

40、me so as to pay for his education.他必須做兼職工作來支付學(xué)費(fèi)。④That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.能夠回報(bào)人們給我的幫助讓我感到很開心。,2. in favour of　贊成;支持(教材P12)Is it in favour of cloning or against it?它是贊成克隆行為還是反對(duì)克隆行為？歸

41、納拓展(1)in sb.’s favour對(duì)某人是有利的out of favour失寵的;不流行的(2)do sb.a favour＝do a favour for sb.幫某人忙do sb.the favour to do sth./do sb.a favour by doing sth.幫忙做某事,①M(fèi)y sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in fav

42、our of it.我姐姐反對(duì)我的提議,然而我弟弟卻贊成。②The exchange rate is not in our favour at the moment.目前匯率對(duì)我們不利。③Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I’m on the phone,will you?勞駕,我打電話的時(shí)候把收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)好嗎？,3.in good/poor condition　狀

43、況很好/壞;情況很好/壞(朗文P412)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.　這輛車一直保養(yǎng)得很好,車況極佳。歸納拓展out of condition健康狀況欠佳working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境on condition (that)．..在……條件下;假如……on no condition一

44、點(diǎn)也不;決不,①I don’t care about the price as long as the car is in good condition.只要汽車狀況好,我不介意價(jià)格。②They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他們同意把車借給我們,條件是我們必須在周末前歸還。③On no condition

45、 should you tell them what happened.你決不應(yīng)該告訴他們發(fā)生了什么事。,[跟蹤訓(xùn)練]Ⅰ.選詞填空pay off；bring...back to life； in vain；be bound to；cast down；from time to time1．His efforts to raise money for his program were ____________ because no

46、one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.2．Jack wanted to be informed____________________how Jane was getting along.3．Since George heard of his failure in the exam,he has been very________________.,

47、in vain,from time to time,cast down,4．—Li Feng won the first prize in the national English competition.—Oh,really？I’m glad that her efforts at last ________________.5．Keep on working hard like this,and your research __

48、____________achieve great success.6．Thanks to the doctor’s treatment,the dying patient was_____________________.,paid off,is bound to,brought back to life,Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)填空1．(2013·湖北孝感第一次統(tǒng)考)—What did he say________his stupid

49、 behavior?—He admitted having made a serious mistake.A．in explanation of B．in favor ofC．in case of D．in fear of解析：選A。句意：——他對(duì)他愚蠢的行為作何解釋？——他承認(rèn)自己犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤。從對(duì)話的語境看,這里應(yīng)用in explanation of,表示“作為解釋”。in favor of “贊成,青睞”;i

50、n case of “如果,假使”;in fear of “害怕,擔(dān)心”。,2．Minetta was in________poor condition last week in hospital;therefore,her parents were in________favour of performing an operation.A．the;the B．/;theC．/;/ D．the;a解析:選C。in poor

51、 condition為固定詞組,意思是“狀況很壞;情況很壞”;in favour of為固定詞組,意思是“贊成;支持”。,3．(2013·皖南八校模擬)Many young people left their hometown for big cities________better jobs.A．in favour of B．in search ofC．in charge of D．in honour of解析

52、：選B。in favour of贊成,支持;in search of尋找;in charge of負(fù)責(zé),掌管;in honour of為向……表示敬意。結(jié)合語境應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。,4．(2012·高考安徽卷)The athlete’s years of hard training ________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A．went on B．got through

53、C．paid off D．ended up解析：選C?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語。句意：當(dāng)這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員最終獲得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌時(shí),她多年的刻苦訓(xùn)練總算得到了回報(bào)。go on“繼續(xù)下去”;get through“完成,處理”;pay off“取得成功,奏效”;end up“最終處于……”。,[句型精析]1.(教材P11)The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.

54、多莉看來是在正常地成長著,這很令人鼓舞。[句法分析]本句是由that引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)同位語從句,用以解釋或說明fact的內(nèi)容,that不能省略。經(jīng)常帶同位語從句的名詞有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that, whether;連接代詞who

55、, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how等。使用同位語從句要注意以下兩點(diǎn)：,(1)同位語從句在句中的位置。一般情況下同位語從句跟在某些名詞的后面,用以說明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后,而被別的詞語隔開,在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。①The question whether we should continue to do the experiment ha

56、s not been answered yet.我們是否該繼續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的問題還沒有得到解決。(2)同位語從句的語氣。在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞通常用“should ＋動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。,②The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(sho

57、uld) be adopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。③The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。,2.(教材P11)Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill

58、.接著傳來了令人煩惱的消息——多莉得了重病。[句法分析]當(dāng)then,now,up,down,here,there等副詞或表地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首且主語為名詞時(shí),句子常用全部倒裝語序。①In came the teacher and the lesson began.老師進(jìn)來了,然后開始上課了。②On top of the hill stands an old temple.山頂上有一座破廟。③There goes the

59、 bell.Let’s go into the lecture hall.鈴響了,我們進(jìn)入演講大廳吧。,[跟蹤訓(xùn)練]1．(2013·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè))In the dark forests________, some of which are large enough to hold several small towns.A．a(chǎn)re lying many lakes B．do many lakes lie

60、C．many lakes lie D．lie many lakes解析：選D。根據(jù)句意可知此處是一般性的描述,故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。作地點(diǎn)狀語的介詞短語放在句首,且主語為名詞時(shí),句子使用完全倒裝。,2．On the top of the mountain __________ which has a history of more than three hundred years.A．stands

61、an old castle B．a(chǎn)n old castle standsC．does an old castle stand D．a(chǎn)n old castle does stand解析：選A。地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首,主語為名詞且謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞的陳述句時(shí),句子常用完全倒裝語序。,3．Thank you for your encouragement.It makes me hold the belief __________ we

62、 can also make a difference.A．whether B．whenC．that D．where解析：選C。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,解釋belief的內(nèi)容。,4．Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.A．what B．whichC．that D．where解析：選

63、C。句意：抽煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致多種疾病,對(duì)此現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)給出了明確的證據(jù)。本題考查名詞性從句(同位語從句)。evidence后的從句說明的是其具體內(nèi)容,從句中不缺少句子成分,故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。 其他三項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)同位語從句都要在從句中作成分。,5．When the news came ________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.A．since B．whichC