西農(nóng)植物生理學(xué)英文題庫(kù)資料

1、2016《PlantPhysiology》Questions1.Pleasedescribethemajganellesofaplantcelltheirfunctions.2.Pleasedescribethedifferenttypesofplastidstheirfeatures.3.Pleasedescribethewatermovementpathwaysinplants.4.Pleasedescribewhynitrogen

2、isimptantinplantlife.5.Pleasedescribethenitrogenfixationreactionsinnature.6.Pleasedescribeyourunderstingofchannelcarrierpumpinsolutetranspt.√6Threeclassesofmembranetransptproteins:Channelscarrierscanmediatethepassivetran

3、sptbysimplediffusionfacilitateddiffusiondownthesolute’sgradientofelectrochemicalpotentialChannelproteinsactasmembranepestheirspecificityisdeterminedprimarilybythebiophysicalpropertiesofthechannel.Carrierproteinsbindthetr

4、ansptedmoleculeononesideofthemembranereleaseitontheotherside.PumpsarefactivetransptusingenergyusuallyfromATPhydrolysistopumpsolutesagainsttheirgradientofelectrochemicalpotential.三種類型膜運(yùn)輸?shù)鞍淄ǖ?、載體和泵。通道和載體可以介導(dǎo)溶質(zhì)順電化學(xué)勢(shì)被動(dòng)跨膜運(yùn)輸（簡(jiǎn)單

5、或協(xié)助擴(kuò)散）。通道蛋白作為膜上的孔道，它的特異性主要由通道的生物物理性質(zhì)決定。載體蛋白在膜的一側(cè)與被運(yùn)輸?shù)姆肿咏Y(jié)合并釋放到膜的另一側(cè)（不同類型的載體蛋白在圖6.11詳細(xì)描述）。初級(jí)主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸由泵來(lái)完成，它直接利用ATP水解的能量，將溶質(zhì)逆電化學(xué)勢(shì)梯度泵出或泵入。7.Pleasedescribeactivetransptprimarytransptsecondarytranspt.√6Activetranspt:movementagains

6、tagradientofchemicalpotential“uphill”–needs“energy”.(oftenATP)PrimaryactivetransptiscoupleddirectlytoasourceofenergyotherthanΔμsuchasATPhydrolysisanoxidationreductionreactiontheabsptionoflightbythecarrierprotein.Thesepro

7、teinsarecalledpumps.TransptHCa2.Secondaryactivetranspt:carriermediatedtransptisdrivenindirectlybypumps.Fexampleusingprotonmotivefce[H]gradienttodriveothermoleculesmovingagainstitsconcentrationgradient.Secondaryactivetran

8、sptersinplantharnessenergyfromenergeticallydownhillmovement.10.Pleasedescribethephysiologicalfunctionsofcarotenoids.11.Pleasedescribetherelationshipbetweenlightplants(hint:fromtwoperspectives).√12.Pleasedescribetheenhanc