最新2017年中石化第一次分級測試真題(閱讀+翻譯+寫作)

1、閱讀閱讀篇章篇章1當前題號：第當前題號：第110110題，總題數(shù)：題，總題數(shù)：5050題LineLowwageschronicunemploymentunderemploymentleadtolowincomelackofpropertyownershipabsenceofsavingsabsenceoffoodreservesinthehomeachronicshtageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethep

2、ossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.asaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofpawningpersonalgoodsbrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathigherratesofinterestspontaneousinfmalc

3、reditdevicesganizedbyneighbstheuseofsecondhclothingfurniturethepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyha

4、vealowlevelofliteracyeducationusuallydonotbelongtolabunionsarenotmembersofpoliticalpartiesgenerallydonotparticipateinthenationalwelfareagenciesmakeverylittleuseofbankshospitalsdepartmentstesmuseumsartgalleries.Theyhaveac

5、riticalattitudetowardsomethebasicinstitutionsofthedominantclasseshatredofthepolicemistrustofgovernmentacynicismthatextendseventothechurch.ThisgivesthecultureofpovertyahighpotentialfprotestfBeingusedinpoliticalmovementsai

6、medagainsttheexistingsocialder.Peoplewithacultureofpovertyareawareofdleclassvaluestalkaboutthemevenclaimsomeofthemastheirownbutonthewholetheydonotlivebythem.Thusitisimptanttodistinguishbetweenwhattheysaywhattheydo.Fexamp

7、lemanywilltellyouthatmarriagebylawbythechurchbybothistheidealfmofmarriagebutfewwillmarry.Tomenwhohavenosteadyjobsothersourcesofincomewhodonotownpropertyhavenowealthtopassontotheirchildrenwhoarepresenttimeientedwhowanttoa

8、voidtheexpenselegaldifficultiesinvolvedinfmalmarriagedivcefreeunionsconsensualmarriagesmakealotofsense.Womenwilloftenturndownoffersofmarriagebecausetheyfeelittiesthemdowntomen.Womenfeelthatconsensualuniongivesthemabetter

9、breakitgivesthemsomeofthefreedomflexibilitythatmenhave.Bynotgivingthefathersoftheirchildrenlegalstatusashusbsthewomenhaveastrongerclaimontheirchildreniftheydecidetoleavetheirmen.Italsogiveswomenexclusiverightstoahouseany

10、otherpropertytheymayown.1.Accdingtothepassageadefiningacteristicofpovertyisthatpopeople__________.A.areisolatedfromthemainstreamofsocietyB.lacktheskillstofinddecentjobsC.areresponsibleftheirownpoverty5101520253035C.weake

11、nsthefabricofsocietyD.meansmethanlackofmoney10.Thewd“it”inLine37refersto__________.A.abetterbreakB.legalstatusC.consensualunionD.illegalmarriage篇章篇章2當前題號：第當前題號：第11201120題，總題數(shù)：題，總題數(shù)：5050題；題；LineCarsaccountfhalftheoilconsu

12、medintheU.S.abouthalftheurbanpollutiononefourthofthegreenhousegases.Theytakeasimilartollofresourcesinotherindustrialnationsinthecitiesofthedevelopingwld.AsvehicleusecontinuestoincreaseinthecomingdecadetheU.S.othercountri

13、eswillhavetodealwiththeseissueselsefaceunacceptableeconomichealthrelatedpoliticalcosts.ItisunlikelythatoilpriceswillremainattheircurrentlowlevelthatothernationswillacceptalargegrowingU.S.contributiontoglobalclimatechange

14、.Policymakersindustryhavefouroptions:reducevehicleuseincreasetheefficiencyreducetheemissionsofconventionalgasolinepoweredvehiclesswitchtolessharmfulfuelsfindlesspollutingdrivingsystems.Thelastofthese—inparticulartheintro

15、ductionofvehiclespoweredbyelectricity—isultimatelytheonlysustainableoption.Theotheralternativesareattractiveintheybutinpracticeareeitherimpracticalofferonlymarginalimprovements.Fexamplereducedvehicleusecouldsolvetrafficp

16、roblemsahostofsocialenvironmentalproblemsbutevidencefromaroundthewldsuggeststhatitisdifficulttomakepeoplegiveuptheircarstoanysignificantextent.IntheU.S.masstransitridershipcarpoolinghavedeclinedsinceWldWarII.EveninWester

17、nEuropewithfuelpricesaveragingmethan＄1aliter(about＄4agallon)witheasilyaccessiblemasstransitdensepopulationscarsstillaccountf80percentofallpassengertravel.Improvedenergyefficiencyisalsoappealingbutautomotivefueleconomyhas

18、barelymadeanyprogressin10years.Alternativefuelssuchasnaturalgasburnedininternalcombustionenginescouldbeintroducedatrelativelylowcostbuttheywouldleadtoonlymarginalreductionsinpollutiongreenhousegasemissions(especiallybeca

19、useoilcompaniesarealreadyspendingbillionsofdollarseveryyeartodeveloplesspollutingtypesofgasoline).11.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethattheincreaseduseofcarswill__________.A.consumehalfoftheoilproducedinthewldB.haveseriousc