高考語法總復(fù)習(xí)

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)一：句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例

2、如：Duringthe1990sAmericancountrymusichasbecomememepopular.（名詞）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代詞）Onethirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（數(shù)詞）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（動名詞）Therichshould

3、helpthepo.（名詞化的形容詞）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主語從句）Itisnecessarytomasterafeignlanguage.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：Hepractices

4、runningeverymning.2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：Youmaykeepthebookftwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：Wearestudents.（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動詞（如bebecomegetlookgrowturnseem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、

5、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）Isityours（代詞）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）Threetimessevenistwentyone（數(shù)詞）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.（動名詞）Themach

6、inemustbeoutofder.（介詞短語）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）Theheavyrainpreventedmefmcomingtoschoolontime.（

7、代詞）IndertocatchupwiththeothersImustwkharder.（目的狀語）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（結(jié)果狀語）Shewksveryhardthoughsheisold.（讓步狀語）Iamtallerthanheis.（比較狀語）練習(xí)一一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehedmeth

8、enewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmt

9、onight.9.HeistoleavefShanghaitomrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishthewkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmefadvice.13.HefounditimptanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay15.Tobehonestyourpronunciationis

10、notsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress17.Hesattherereadinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleantidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：Ihopeyouareverywel

11、l.Imfinebuttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationImhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.ItisthetimeofyearfthericeharvestsoeverydayIwkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonwkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtracts.Wegrowr

12、iceinthesouthoftheStatesbutinthenthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.AlthoughthefarmislargemyDadhasonlytwomenwkingfhim.Butheemploysmemenftheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesnt

13、oftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresultwehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisapartyevena

14、tharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.Itsgreat!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.IdontbecauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.Inyourletteryouaskedaboutth