腫瘤歷年考試大題及答案匯總

1、Wewillcontinuetoimprovethecompanysinternalcontrolsystemsteadyimprovementinabilitytomanagecontroloptimizebusinessprocessestoensuresmoothprocessesresponsibilitiesinplacetofurtherstrengtheninternalcontrolsplayacontrolpostin

2、dependentoversightroleofevaluationcomplyingwiththirdpartyresponsibilitytoactivelymakeuseofinternalaudittoolsdetectpotentialmanagementstreamlinestardizerelatedtransactionsstrengtheningoperationsinaccdancewithlaw.Deepening

3、theinfmationmanagementtoensurefullcommunication“zeroresistance“.ToconstantlyperfectERPBFSPIMISSCMinfmationsystembasedconstructionfullintegrationinfmationsystemachievedinfmationresourcessharedtoexpPtalsystemapplicationofb

4、readthdepthplayinfmationsystemonenterpriseofAssistantroletoperfectdailyrunmaintenanceoperationofrecdspromoteproblemreasonsanalysissystemhovertostrengtheningBFSERPSCMtechnologyapplicationoftrainingimproveemployeesapplicat

5、ioninfmationsystemofcapacitylevel.Humanisticcaretoensure“zero.“TostrengtheningHumanitiescarecontinuestofostercompanywindcleargasareheartShunofcultureatmospherestrengtheninglovehelpedtrappedcaredifficultemployeescarriedou

6、tstyleactivitiesrichemployeeslifestrengtheninghealthlabourprotectionganizationcareerhealthmedicalcontrolcareeragainstcontinuestoimplementationpsychologicalwarningpreventionsystemtrainingemployeeshealthofacterstableofmood

7、enterprisingofattitudecreatedfriendlyfraternityofHumanitiesenvironment.Tostrengthenriskmanagementensurethatthebusinessof“zerorisk“.Tostrengthenedbusinessplansmanagementwillbusinessbusinessplanscovertoalllevelensurethebus

8、inesscancontrolincontroltocloseconcernfinancialcoalelectriclinkageenergysavingschedulingnationalpolicytrendsstrengtheningtrackactiveshouldtoimplementationStateownedassetsmethodfurtherspecificationbusinessfinancialmanagem

9、enttoperfectrisktubecontrolsystemachievedriskrecognitionmeasureassessmentreptcontrolfeedbackofclosedringmanagementimproveriskpreventioncapacity.Tofurtherstardizetradingstrivetoachieve“accdingtolawstardizefair.“Innovation

10、ofperfmancemanagementtoensurethatpotentialemployees“zerofly“.Tostrengthenperfmancemanagementprocesscontrolenhanceemployeeevaluationlevelsofeffectivecommunicationtoimproveperfmancemanagement.Tofurtherquantifyrefineemploye

11、estards...Wkfullplaypartybranchmembersin“fivetypeEnterprise“constructionintheofcerolefightingftressrolepioneermodelroletocontinuestostrengthening“fourgood“l(fā)eadershipconstructionfullplaylevelscadresinenterprisedevelopment

12、intheofbackbonebackboneroletofullstrengtheningmembersyouthwkfullplayyouthemployeesincompanydevelopmentintheoffceroletoimproveindependentCommissionagainstcruptionwklevelstrengtheningonenterprisebusinesskeylinkofeffectiven

13、essmonited.maintainstability.Tofurtherstrengthenpublicityeducationimprovetheoveralllegalsystem.Wemuststrengthensafetymanagementestablishimprovetheeducationsupervisionevaluationasoneofthetrafficsafetymanagementmechanism.T

14、oconscientiouslysumuptheOlympicsecuritycontrolspromotingintegratedmanagementtoahigherlevelhigherstardsahigherlevelofdevelopment.EmployeestodayislunarcalendaronDecember24theoxBellisabouttoringatthistimeofyearweclearlyfeel

15、thepulseoftheXXpowergenerationcompanytoflourishtomeclearlyhearXXpowergenerationcompaniesmaturesymmetrybreathing.Recallingpastoneanotheracrossarailingweareenthusiasticfullofconfidence.Futuredevelopmentopptunitieswemeexcit

16、ingfightmespirited.Employeesletustogetheracross2013fullofchallengesopptunitiestocreateagreenlowcostoperationfullofhumanecareofawldclasspowergenerationcompanywkhard!TheoccasionoftheSpringFestivalmysincerewishthatyouthefam

17、iliesofthestaffinthenewyeargoodhealthhappyhappy腫瘤歷年考試大題匯總腫瘤歷年考試大題匯總說明：標注頁碼內容來自于萬德森主編的《臨床腫瘤學》第三版。如：p45即表示可在萬德森主編的《臨床腫瘤學》第三版這本書的45頁找到答案。1腫瘤病理學腫瘤病理學◆腫瘤（腫瘤（neoplasm）腫瘤是指生長與正常組織不協(xié)調、生長過快的異常腫塊，即使去除刺激仍以相同的方式過度生長?！铩铩铩镌话ㄔ话╟arc

18、inomainsitu）p45指黏膜上皮層內或皮膚表皮層內的異型細胞累及上皮全層，但尚未突破基底膜、未發(fā)生間質浸潤生長者?！铩铩铩镥e構瘤（錯構瘤（hamartoma）p45指某一器官內原有組織或細胞局灶性增生并紊亂組合構成的良性腫瘤。◆迷離瘤（迷離瘤（chistoma）p45指組織異位形成的腫塊?！艚唤缧阅[瘤（交界性腫瘤（bderlinetum）p45指在形態(tài)學及生物學行為上介于良性與惡性之間的腫瘤，更傾向于發(fā)展位惡性?！袅鰳硬∽儯鰳?/p>

19、病變（tumlikecondition）p45非腫瘤細胞增生所形成的瘤樣腫塊?！粝⑷庀⑷鈖olypi從表皮或粘膜表面突出的肉眼可見的結節(jié)或腫塊?！裟[瘤病理診斷的目標和任務腫瘤病理診斷的目標和任務p42（1）為診斷提供依據(jù)，是眾多診斷方法中最可靠的1）明確病變性質（是否腫瘤）2）判斷腫瘤良惡性3）明確病變的組織學分類、分期和分級4）明確病變的分子學改變和生物標記物（2）為治療提供依據(jù)5）是制訂治療方案的依據(jù)6）分析療效的基礎（3）有助于判

20、斷預后，確定有無復發(fā)和轉移，進行死因分析◆冰凍切片的作用冰凍切片的作用p46（1）用于術前未能診斷、術中需要了解病變性質以確定治療方案（2）術中需明確病變侵犯范圍以決定手術切緣（3）了解腫瘤外的一些病變是否腫瘤轉移（4）證明有無創(chuàng)傷正常組織（5）證實活檢已取到腫瘤組織◆免疫組化的作用免疫組化的作用p48p48（1）腫瘤的診斷和鑒別診斷（2）確定轉移性惡性腫瘤的原發(fā)部位（3）惡性淋巴瘤的診斷和分類（4）評估腫瘤的生物學行為Wewillco

21、ntinuetoimprovethecompanysinternalcontrolsystemsteadyimprovementinabilitytomanagecontroloptimizebusinessprocessestoensuresmoothprocessesresponsibilitiesinplacetofurtherstrengtheninternalcontrolsplayacontrolpostindependen

22、toversightroleofevaluationcomplyingwiththirdpartyresponsibilitytoactivelymakeuseofinternalaudittoolsdetectpotentialmanagementstreamlinestardizerelatedtransactionsstrengtheningoperationsinaccdancewithlaw.Deepeningtheinfma

23、tionmanagementtoensurefullcommunication“zeroresistance“.ToconstantlyperfectERPBFSPIMISSCMinfmationsystembasedconstructionfullintegrationinfmationsystemachievedinfmationresourcessharedtoexpPtalsystemapplicationofbreadthde

24、pthplayinfmationsystemonenterpriseofAssistantroletoperfectdailyrunmaintenanceoperationofrecdspromoteproblemreasonsanalysissystemhovertostrengtheningBFSERPSCMtechnologyapplicationoftrainingimproveemployeesapplicationinfma

25、tionsystemofcapacitylevel.Humanisticcaretoensure“zero.“TostrengtheningHumanitiescarecontinuestofostercompanywindcleargasareheartShunofcultureatmospherestrengtheninglovehelpedtrappedcaredifficultemployeescarriedoutstyleac

26、tivitiesrichemployeeslifestrengtheninghealthlabourprotectionganizationcareerhealthmedicalcontrolcareeragainstcontinuestoimplementationpsychologicalwarningpreventionsystemtrainingemployeeshealthofacterstableofmoodenterpri

27、singofattitudecreatedfriendlyfraternityofHumanitiesenvironment.Tostrengthenriskmanagementensurethatthebusinessof“zerorisk“.Tostrengthenedbusinessplansmanagementwillbusinessbusinessplanscovertoalllevelensurethebusinesscan

28、controlincontroltocloseconcernfinancialcoalelectriclinkageenergysavingschedulingnationalpolicytrendsstrengtheningtrackactiveshouldtoimplementationStateownedassetsmethodfurtherspecificationbusinessfinancialmanagementtoper

29、fectrisktubecontrolsystemachievedriskrecognitionmeasureassessmentreptcontrolfeedbackofclosedringmanagementimproveriskpreventioncapacity.Tofurtherstardizetradingstrivetoachieve“accdingtolawstardizefair.“Innovationofperfma

30、ncemanagementtoensurethatpotentialemployees“zerofly“.Tostrengthenperfmancemanagementprocesscontrolenhanceemployeeevaluationlevelsofeffectivecommunicationtoimproveperfmancemanagement.Tofurtherquantifyrefineemployeestards.

31、..Wkfullplaypartybranchmembersin“fivetypeEnterprise“constructionintheofcerolefightingftressrolepioneermodelroletocontinuestostrengthening“fourgood“l(fā)eadershipconstructionfullplaylevelscadresinenterprisedevelopmentinthePet

32、erPan編輯也許一切超出估計，心態(tài)好就好了。ofbackbonebackboneroletofullstrengtheningmembersyouthwkfullplayyouthemployeesincompanydevelopmentintheoffceroletoimproveindependentCommissionagainstcruptionwklevelstrengtheningonenterprisebusinessk

33、eylinkofeffectivenessmonited.maintainstability.Tofurtherstrengthenpublicityeducationimprovetheoveralllegalsystem.Wemuststrengthensafetymanagementestablishimprovetheeducationsupervisionevaluationasoneofthetrafficsafetyman

34、agementmechanism.ToconscientiouslysumuptheOlympicsecuritycontrolspromotingintegratedmanagementtoahigherlevelhigherstardsahigherlevelofdevelopment.EmployeestodayislunarcalendaronDecember24theoxBellisabouttoringatthistimeo

35、fyearweclearlyfeelthepulseoftheXXpowergenerationcompanytoflourishtomeclearlyhearXXpowergenerationcompaniesmaturesymmetrybreathing.Recallingpastoneanotheracrossarailingweareenthusiasticfullofconfidence.Futuredevelopmentop

36、ptunitieswemeexcitingfightmespirited.Employeesletustogetheracross2013fullofchallengesopptunitiestocreateagreenlowcostoperationfullofhumanecareofawldclasspowergenerationcompanywkhard!TheoccasionoftheSpringFestivalmysincer

37、ewishthatyouthefamiliesofthestaffinthenewyeargoodhealthhappyhappy314飄搖一生，風雨同行?！铩铩铩锬[瘤伴隨綜合征腫瘤伴隨綜合征副癌綜合征（副癌綜合征（paraneoplasticsyndrome）p91由腫瘤產生的異常生物學活性物質引起患者的全身臨床表現(xiàn)統(tǒng)稱?！铩铩铩锬[瘤標記物（腫瘤標記物（tummarker，TM）p100特征性地存在于腫瘤組織或患者體液、排泄物中，或由

38、腫瘤細胞或受腫瘤刺激的宿主細胞產生的物質。這些物質標示腫瘤存在，可作為腫瘤治療的靶向位點，可用于療效觀察、復發(fā)檢測和預后評價?！裟[瘤標記物的應用腫瘤標記物的應用p102高危人群的篩查、鑒別診斷、分期、器官定位、療效檢測、預后判斷◆常見腫瘤標記物的臨床意義常見腫瘤標記物的臨床意義p104AFP——肝癌CEA——腺癌EB——鼻咽癌NSE——小細胞肺癌PSA——前列腺癌3腫瘤化學治療腫瘤化學治療◆化療化療chemotherapy應用抗癌藥物殺

39、滅癌細胞的一種系統(tǒng)治療方法?！镌鲋潮嚷剩ㄔ鲋潮嚷剩╣rowthfartion，GF）p138p138處于活躍增殖期細胞占總體細胞的比率?！锉对鰰r間（倍增時間（doublingtime，DT）p138p138腫瘤細胞數(shù)量和腫瘤體積增加1倍所需的時間?！锒嗨幠退幮裕ǘ嗨幠退幮裕╩ultipledrugresistance，MDR）p147惡性腫瘤細胞在接觸一種抗癌藥后，產生了對多種結構不同、作用機制各異的其它抗癌藥的抗藥性。★抗癌藥物的種類

40、及其作用機制抗癌藥物的種類及其作用機制p125p125（1）烷化劑——抑制DNA復制直接與DNA分子形成交叉聯(lián)結或在DNA分子之間形成交聯(lián)，導致細胞結構破壞。對增殖和非增殖細胞均有強烈細胞毒作用（細胞周期非特異性）。CTX、順鉑、卡鉑（2）抗代謝類——干擾核酸合成，大部分作用于S期與正常代謝物有相似結構，競爭性抑制核酸代謝酶，取代核酸合成的前體物質。對非增殖細胞影響?。毎芷谔禺愋裕?。MTX、5FU（3）抗生素類——干擾DNA轉錄和m