國際會計(jì)第七版英文版課后答案第二章_第1頁
已閱讀1頁，還剩11頁未讀， 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明：本文檔由用戶提供并上傳，收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方，若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán)，請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、1Chapter2DevelopmentClassificationDiscussionQuestions1.a)Sourcesoffinance.Wherecapitalmarketsshareholdersaretheprincipalsourceoffinanceaccountingfocusesonprofitabilitystewardshipafairpresentationofresultsfinancialpositio

2、n.Therearehighlevelsofdisclosureinpublishedfinancialstatements.Whenbanksaretheprincipalsourceoffinanceaccountingtendstobeconservativedisclosuresareusuallyrelativelylow(bankshavedirectaccesstoinfmation).Whengovernmentsare

3、theprincipalsourceoffinanceaccountingisaimedattheinfmationneedsofgovernmentagenciessuchastaxcollectionassemblingmacroeconomicstatisticscompliancewithmacroeconomicgoals.b)Legalsystem.Accountingincodelawcountriestendstobeh

4、ighlypreivedetailedproceduraldesignedtocovereverypossiblecircumstance.Accountingstardsareapartofnationallaws.Accountingincommonlawcountriesismeadaptiveinnovativetendstoallowmejudgmenttosuitthecircumstance.Accountingstard

5、saresetintheprivatesect.c)Taxation.Thistendstoparallelthelegalsystem.Incommonlawcountries(whereaccountingstardsaresetbytheaccountingprofession)accountingtaxationareseparate.Incodelawcountries(whereaccountingstardsarenati

6、onallaws)accountingtaxationareessentiallythesame.d)Politicaleconomicties.Accountingtechnologyexpertiseisimptedexptedbasedonthecontactsthatnationshavewitheachotherthroughcommerceconquestetc.e)Inflation.Histicalcostaccount

7、ingisthebasisfinitiallyrecdingtransactionsaroundthewld.Inflationputsstressonthehisticalcostprinciple.Whereinflationishighaccountingadjustsrecdedamountstoreflectpricelevelchanges.f)Levelofeconomicdevelopment.Thisfactdefin

8、esthedifficultytypesoftheaccountingissuesthatarefacedinanation.Accountingiscomplexwherebusinesstransactionsarecomplex(inhighlydevelopedeconomies)itissimplerwheretransactionsaresimpler(inlessdevelopedcountries).g)Educatio

9、nlevels.Thisfactdefinesthelimitsofaccountingsophisticationinanation.Accountingcannotgetverysophisticatedwhereeducationlevelsarerelativelylow(unlessthecountryimptsaccountingtrainingitscitizensaresentelsewherefit).2.Thetex

10、tlistssevenenvironmentalcircumstancesassertedtohavedirecteffectsonaccountingdevelopment.Wejudgmentallyrankthelistasfollows:a.Sourcesoffinanceb.Legalsystemc.Taxationd.Politicaleconomictiese.Educationlevelsf.Inflationg.Lev

11、elofeconomicdevelopment3independentdisciplineapproacheshavealwaysbeenfairpresentationiented.Sotheywilllikelydisappearduetoconvergenceasdiscussedabove.6.Conservativemeasurementssecretivedisclosurestendtobecrelated.Atthesa

12、metimelessemphasisonconservativemeasurementstransparentdisclosuresalsotendtobecrelated.Thisislargelytoduetotheprincipalsourceoffinanceinacountry.Banksgovernmentsareconcernedaboutthesafetythatconservatismaffdsbecausetheyt

13、endtohavedirectaccesstoinfmationpublicdisclosureislessimptant.Capitalmarketsdemafairpresentationoffinancialpositionresultsofoperationsalongwithhighlevelsofdisclosure7.Classificationsareawayofviewingthewld.Theyabstractfro

14、mcomplexityrevealfundamentalacteristicsthatmembersofthegrouphaveincommonthatdistinguishthevariousgroupsfromeachother.Classificationsprovidethebasicstructurefunderstingwhatisalikewhatisdifferentinaccountingaroundthewld.By

15、identifyingsimilaritiesdifferencesourunderstingofaccountingsystemsisimproved.8.Judgmentalclassificationsrelyonknowledgeintuitionexperience.Empiricallyderivedclassificationsapplystatisticalmethodstodatabasesofaccountingpr

16、inciplespracticesaroundthewld.ThischapterdiscussesMueller’sfourapproachesinaccountingdevelopment(1967)whichisessentiallyajudgmentalclassificationofaccounting.Thefairpresentationversuslegalcomplianceclassificationclassifi

17、cationsbasedonlegalsystemsarealsojudgmentalthoughlargelysupptedbyempiricaldata.9.Thechapterdiscussesthreemajaccountingclassifications.ThefirstistheonebyMueller(1967):?Macroeconomicapproachwhereaccountingpracticeisdesigne

18、dtoenhancemacroeconomicgoals?Microeconomicapproachwhereaccountingdevelopsfromtheprinciplesofmicroeconomics?Independentdisciplineapproachwhereaccountingdevelopsfrombusinesspracticesbasedonjudgmenttrialerr?Unifmapproachwhe

19、reaccountingisstardizedsoitcanbeusedasatoolofadministrativecontrolbycentralgovernment.Thesecondclassificationistheonebasedonlegalsystemswhichcloselyparallelsthethirdclassificationbasedonpracticesystems.Generallyspeakingt

20、hefeaturesofcommonlawaccounting(legalsystem)arethosedescribedffairpresentationaccounting(practicesystem).Thefeaturesofcodelawaccounting(legalsystem)arethosedescribedflegalcomplianceaccounting(practicesystem).Fairpresenta

21、tion(commonlaw)emphasizessubstanceoverfmisientedtowardthedecisionneedsofexternalinvests.Thusitiscapitalmarketsiented.Financialstatementshelpinvestsjudgemanagerialperfmancepredictfuturecashflowsprofitability.Extensivedisc

22、losuresprovideadditionalrelevantinfmationfthesepurposesLegalcompliance(codelaw)accountingisdesignedtosatisfygovernmentimposedrequirementssuchascalculatingtaxableincomecomplyingwiththenationalgovernment’smacroeconomicplan

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明，都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等，如果需要附件，請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙，網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽，若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 眾賞文庫僅提供信息存儲空間，僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理，對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯，并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容，請與我們聯(lián)系，我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論