控制測(cè)量復(fù)習(xí)題答案礦大出版社

1、theprincipleofsimplifiedEIAofconstructionprojectsintheregion.Intermsofllinkedtotheimplementationofurbanruralconstructionlincreasedecreasereplacementindicatsfpriityareasproject.gesintotheprojectsofwaterelectricityadminist

2、rativegespreferentialpolicies.Intheareaoftaxationsettledinareasofindustryitsproductioncompanywithin5yearsafterthecompletionoffiscalincentivestoenterprises.Intermsoffinancingintegrationofltaxfinancialotherresourcesconstru

3、ct“Governmentcreditbusinesscredit“creditsystemestablishmentofmarketizationcommercializationmodernizationoftheinvestmentfinancingplatfmeffectiveBankenterprisedockingencouragesprivatecapitalintotheParktoraiseindustrydevelo

4、pmentfund.5optimizetheenvironmentserviceindustries.Tocreate“policylowlsHighlsintegrityofserviceldevelopmentl“asthegoaltooptimizetheareaunderdevelopmentenvironment.Alladministrativelawenfcementdepartmentstoappointafulltim

5、epersonnelstationedinareasdedicatedtocodinatingsolvingproblemsassociatedwithbusinessesinthissect.Whentherearesubstantialissuessectleadersarrangedtopersonallyinterveneinpersoninpersonpushtangibleareabuildingagreenlighteas

6、yline.Tofurtherreducestardizeadministrativeexaminationapprovalitemssimplifyexaminationapprovallinksimproveefficiencyaccdingtothe...Sincetheeducationalpracticeofthemasslineofthepartyhimselfseriouslyintheeducationpractical

7、controlcentral“eightrules“opposing“thefourwinds“practicing“threeSuns“checkthespiritofJiaoYuluideologysolicitopinionsbasedonoutstingproblemscheckedswingcarefulanalysisreflection.Willnowcheckreptisasfollows:firstadherencet

8、othepartyspoliticaldisciplineeightinthecentralprovisionchangethestyleofthebasicsituationof1incompliancewiththepartyspoliticaldisciplines.ConscientiouslyabidebythepartyspoliticaldisciplineabidebytheConstitutiontherulesreg

9、ulationsofthepartyinthepoliticalideologicalmaintainhighlyconsistentwiththeCPCCentralCommitteeontheactionthereisnoviolationofthepartyspoliticaldisciplineproblems.2intheimplementationofthecentralauthitiesoftheeightprovisio

10、ns.Improvingresearchimprovingresearchmethodsbuttherearelessgrassrootsunitsprimaryfirsthaninadequategraspoftheproblemwhichistobestrengthenedinthefuture.Secondconstructionstrictlyinaccdancewiththeprovisionstostreamlineimpr

11、ovethequalityofmeetingsoftheConference.Thirdstreamliningfilebriefscultureinvolvesallaspectsofpropagaideologysometimesduetothepracticalneedsofinventionnotificationsthisareaneedsfurtherstreamlining.Fourarestardvisitsexcept

12、asrequiredtoparticipateintrainingnootheractivity.Fiveistoimprovenewsreptingfpropagawkstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sixisstrictlyyourpresentationpublishedstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sevenisstrictlythriftrequiredtheu

13、seofvehiclesofficespacecpatehospitality.3changethestyle.Propagaideologicalwkofthenewsituationnewrequirementsofthenewtaskshaddonealotoffruitfulwkhasmademanyachievementsbutfurtherclosertothegrassrootsclosetorealityclosetot

14、hemassesalsoinadequateinnovationmustcontinuetoimprove.Secondthe“fourwinds“someoutstingissues1opposefmalism.Onetheyisthathedidntwithlessclosecontact.Theeticalstudyofconsciousnessisnothighenoughsystemperfmanceisnotstrongen

15、oughmepassivelearningactivelearningfewgeneralitieslearnmedelvingintoless.EspeciallybasedonrationalthinkingonmajissuesapplyingtheytoguidethewkdoneisnotgoodenoughnotreallyunderstgraspthespiritessenceofthescientificOutlooko

16、ndevelopmentdidnottrulyachievemasterytoapplytoacertainextentaffectthedevelopmentimplementationofideasinitiatives.Secondwkarrangementslesssupervision.Propagaideologicalwkistheobjectivewhichneedstokeepthecontinuityefftsdep

17、loyedbutstressedinthewktimelesssupervision.Fexamplecolweekendsinthesummertheatricalactivitiescitysquareperfmancesurgingtownshipscommunitiesruralareasshowstheimplementationisinadequateinsufficientculturalaneducationalrole

18、toplay.Thirdbaseenoughmastergrasslessreal.PropagaideologicalwkinthenewsituationofacteristicsregularityofenoughdeepenoughfgrassrootspublicopinionDynamicssurveyfgrassrootstypicallydriveless.Fexampleruralcultureteamactive..

19、.Imnotactivelytaketheinitiativetotakeupthelackofspiritofdaringtoresultinginsomejobhadalotofpowerbutnotangibleresults.Thirdinnovationlackofmotivation.Emancipationdidnotendinnovationdoesnotexist.Inpracticalwknotyourheadpre

20、viouswkexperiencelackofinnovationinitiativesstudyontheacteristicsofpropagaideologicalwkunderthenewsituationthroughgripongrassrootsideologicaltrendschangesarenotdeeptopromotenewinitiativesexplenewmethodsofideologicalcultu

21、ralwkisnotmuchsomelackofrelevancetimeliness.4disciplineloweringhardwkarelacking.Whilewkingenterprisingspiritdown.Norealsolutiontotreatyourselfrightcrectlytreatpasthonstheircomplacencywktoseetheirscesmelesscheckinghisowns

22、htcomingsliketolistentothepraisesatisfiedfaceonlinepromotiontherearetypicallackofhighstardsstrictrequirementstheeffectisreal.Secondharddriveless.Onhard《控制測(cè)量學(xué)》試題參考答案《控制測(cè)量學(xué)》試題參考答案一、名詞解釋：一、名詞解釋：大地方位角：橢球面上一點(diǎn)的大地子午線與過(guò)該點(diǎn)的大地線間的夾

23、角。坐標(biāo)方位角：笛卡兒平面直角坐標(biāo)系中平行于縱坐標(biāo)軸的方向與某一方向的夾角。1、子午圈：過(guò)橢球面上一點(diǎn)的子午面同橢球面相截形成的閉合圈。2、卯酉圈：過(guò)橢球面上一點(diǎn)的一個(gè)與該點(diǎn)子午面相垂直的法截面同橢球面相截形成的閉合的圈。3、橢園偏心率：第一偏心率第二偏心率abae22??bbae22???4、大地坐標(biāo)系：以大地經(jīng)度、大地緯度和大地高來(lái)表示點(diǎn)的位置的坐標(biāo)系。P35、空間坐標(biāo)系：以橢球體中心為原點(diǎn)，起始子午面與赤道面交線為X軸，在赤道面上

24、與X軸正交的方向?yàn)閅軸，橢球體的旋轉(zhuǎn)軸為Z軸，構(gòu)成右手坐標(biāo)系OXYZ。P46、法截線：過(guò)橢球面上一點(diǎn)的法線所作的法截面與橢球面相截形成圈。P97、相對(duì)法截線：設(shè)在橢球面上任意取兩點(diǎn)A和B，過(guò)A點(diǎn)的法線所作通過(guò)B點(diǎn)的法截線和過(guò)B點(diǎn)的法線所作通過(guò)A點(diǎn)的法截線，稱為AB兩點(diǎn)的相對(duì)法截線。P158、大地線：橢球面上兩點(diǎn)之間的最短線。9、垂線偏差改正：將以垂線為依據(jù)的地面觀測(cè)的水平方向觀測(cè)值歸算到以法線為依據(jù)的方向值應(yīng)加的改正。P1810、標(biāo)高差

25、改正：由于照準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)高度而引起的方向偏差改正。P1911、截面差改正：將法截弧方向化為大地線方向所加的改正。P2012、起始方位角的歸算：將天文方位角以測(cè)站垂線為依據(jù)歸算到橢球面以法線為依據(jù)的大地方位角。P2213、勒讓德爾定理：如果平面三角形和球面三角形對(duì)應(yīng)邊相等，則平面角等于對(duì)應(yīng)球面角減去三分之一球面角超。P2714、大地元素：橢球面上點(diǎn)的大地經(jīng)度、大地緯度，兩點(diǎn)之間的大地線長(zhǎng)度及其正、反大地方位角。P28theprincipleofs

26、implifiedEIAofconstructionprojectsintheregion.Intermsofllinkedtotheimplementationofurbanruralconstructionlincreasedecreasereplacementindicatsfpriityareasproject.gesintotheprojectsofwaterelectricityadministrativegesprefer

27、entialpolicies.Intheareaoftaxationsettledinareasofindustryitsproductioncompanywithin5yearsafterthecompletionoffiscalincentivestoenterprises.Intermsoffinancingintegrationofltaxfinancialotherresourcesconstruct“Governmentcr

28、editbusinesscredit“creditsystemestablishmentofmarketizationcommercializationmodernizationoftheinvestmentfinancingplatfmeffectiveBankenterprisedockingencouragesprivatecapitalintotheParktoraiseindustrydevelopmentfund.5opti

29、mizetheenvironmentserviceindustries.Tocreate“policylowlsHighlsintegrityofserviceldevelopmentl“asthegoaltooptimizetheareaunderdevelopmentenvironment.Alladministrativelawenfcementdepartmentstoappointafulltimepersonnelstati

30、onedinareasdedicatedtocodinatingsolvingproblemsassociatedwithbusinessesinthissect.Whentherearesubstantialissuessectleadersarrangedtopersonallyinterveneinpersoninpersonpushtangibleareabuildingagreenlighteasyline.Tofurther

31、reducestardizeadministrativeexaminationapprovalitemssimplifyexaminationapprovallinksimproveefficiencyaccdingtothe...Sincetheeducationalpracticeofthemasslineofthepartyhimselfseriouslyintheeducationpracticalcontrolcentral“

32、eightrules“opposing“thefourwinds“practicing“threeSuns“checkthespiritofJiaoYuluideologysolicitopinionsbasedonoutstingproblemscheckedswingcarefulanalysisreflection.Willnowcheckreptisasfollows:firstadherencetothepartyspolit

33、icaldisciplineeightinthecentralprovisionchangethestyleofthebasicsituationof1incompliancewiththepartyspoliticaldisciplines.ConscientiouslyabidebythepartyspoliticaldisciplineabidebytheConstitutiontherulesregulationsofthepa

34、rtyinthepoliticalideologicalmaintainhighlyconsistentwiththeCPCCentralCommitteeontheactionthereisnoviolationofthepartyspoliticaldisciplineproblems.2intheimplementationofthecentralauthitiesoftheeightprovisions.Improvingres

35、earchimprovingresearchmethodsbuttherearelessgrassrootsunitsprimaryfirsthaninadequategraspoftheproblemwhichistobestrengthenedinthefuture.Secondconstructionstrictlyinaccdancewiththeprovisionstostreamlineimprovethequalityof

36、meetingsoftheConference.Thirdstreamliningfilebriefscultureinvolvesallaspectsofpropagaideologysometimesduetothepracticalneedsofinventionnotificationsthisareaneedsfurtherstreamlining.Fourarestardvisitsexceptasrequiredtopar

37、ticipateintrainingnootheractivity.Fiveistoimprovenewsreptingfpropagawkstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sixisstrictlyyourpresentationpublishedstrictlyaccdingtotheregulations.Sevenisstrictlythriftrequiredtheuseofvehiclesoff

38、icespacecpatehospitality.3changethestyle.Propagaideologicalwkofthenewsituationnewrequirementsofthenewtaskshaddonealotoffruitfulwkhasmademanyachievementsbutfurtherclosertothegrassrootsclosetorealityclosetothemassesalsoina

39、dequateinnovationmustcontinuetoimprove.Secondthe“fourwinds“someoutstingissues1opposefmalism.Onetheyisthathedidntwithlessclosecontact.Theeticalstudyofconsciousnessisnothighenoughsystemperfmanceisnotstrongenoughmepassivele

40、arningactivelearningfewgeneralitieslearnmedelvingintoless.EspeciallybasedonrationalthinkingonmajissuesapplyingtheytoguidethewkdoneisnotgoodenoughnotreallyunderstgraspthespiritessenceofthescientificOutlookondevelopmentdid

41、nottrulyachievemasterytoapplytoacertainextentaffectthedevelopmentimplementationofideasinitiatives.Secondwkarrangementslesssupervision.Propagaideologicalwkistheobjectivewhichneedstokeepthecontinuityefftsdeployedbutstresse

42、dinthewktimelesssupervision.Fexamplecolweekendsinthesummertheatricalactivitiescitysquareperfmancesurgingtownshipscommunitiesruralareasshowstheimplementationisinadequateinsufficientculturalaneducationalroletoplay.Thirdbas

43、eenoughmastergrasslessreal.PropagaideologicalwkinthenewsituationofacteristicsregularityofenoughdeepenoughfgrassrootspublicopinionDynamicssurveyfgrassrootstypicallydriveless.Fexampleruralcultureteamactive...Imnotactivelyt

44、aketheinitiativetotakeupthelackofspiritofdaringtoresultinginsomejobhadalotofpowerbutnotangibleresults.Thirdinnovationlackofmotivation.Emancipationdidnotendinnovationdoesnotexist.Inpracticalwknotyourheadpreviouswkexperien

45、celackofinnovationinitiativesstudyontheacteristicsofpropagaideologicalwkunderthenewsituationthroughgripongrassrootsideologicaltrendschangesarenotdeeptopromotenewinitiativesexplenewmethodsofideologicalculturalwkisnotmuchs

46、omelackofrelevancetimeliness.4disciplineloweringhardwkarelacking.Whilewkingenterprisingspiritdown.Norealsolutiontotreatyourselfrightcrectlytreatpasthonstheircomplacencywktoseetheirscesmelesscheckinghisownshtcomingsliketo

47、listentothepraisesatisfiedfaceonlinepromotiontherearetypicallackofhighstardsstrictrequirementstheeffectisreal.Secondharddriveless.Onhard3幾何平均值。6、橢球面上子午線弧長(zhǎng)計(jì)算公式推導(dǎo)中，從赤道開始到任意緯度B的平行圈之間的弧長(zhǎng)表示為：X=。]4sin42sin2)[1(20????????BCBBBA

48、eaMdBB?7、平行圈弧公式表示為：r=x=NcosB=。BeBa22sin1cos?8、克萊洛定理(克萊洛方程)表達(dá)式為lnsinAlnr=lnC(rinA=C)9、某一大地線常數(shù)等于橢球半徑與該大地線穿越赤道時(shí)的大地方位角的正弦乘積或者等于該點(diǎn)大地線上具有最大緯度的那一點(diǎn)的平行圈半徑。10、拉普拉斯方程的表達(dá)式為。???sin)(LA???11、若球面三角形的各角減去球面角超的三分之一，即可得到一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)邊相等的平面三角形。12、投

49、影變形一般分為角度變形、長(zhǎng)度變形和面積變形。13、地圖投影中有等角投影、等距投影和等面積投影等。14、高斯投影是橫軸橢圓柱等角投影，保證了投影的角度的不變性，圖形的相似形性，以及在某點(diǎn)各方向上的長(zhǎng)度比的同一性。15、采用分帶投影，既限制了長(zhǎng)度變形，又保證了在不同投影帶中采用相同的簡(jiǎn)便公式進(jìn)行由于變形引起的各項(xiàng)改正數(shù)的計(jì)算。16、橢球面到平面的正形投影的一般公式表達(dá)為：、。???qxly?????lxqy???17、由平面到橢球面正形投影