船舶工程專業(yè)英語(yǔ)(中英)

1、Chapter1ShipDesign第一章船舶設(shè)計(jì)Lesson1Introduction第一課引言1.1Definition1.1定義Thetermbasicdesignreferstodeterminationofmajshipacteristicsaffectingcostperfmance.Thusbasicdesignincludestheionofshipdimensionshullfmpower(amounttype)pre

2、liminaryarrangementofhullmachinerymajstructure.Properionsassuretheattainmentofthemissionrequirementssuchasgoodseakeepingperfmancemaneuverabilitythedesiredspeedendurancecargocapacitydeadweight.Furthermeitincludeschecksmod

3、ificationsfachievementofrequiredcargohlingcapabilityquartershotelservicessubdivisionstabilitystardsfreeboardtonnagemeasurementallwhileconsideringtheshipaspartofaprofitabletransptationindustrialservicesystem.術(shù)語(yǔ)“基本設(shè)計(jì)”是指對(duì)影響

4、造價(jià)和性能的船舶主要參數(shù)的確定。因此，基本設(shè)計(jì)包括船舶主尺度、船體線型、動(dòng)力（數(shù)量和種類）的選取，以及船體、機(jī)械設(shè)備和主要結(jié)構(gòu)的布置。恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x取可保證達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書的要求，例如良好的耐波性能，操縱性，預(yù)期的速度，續(xù)航力，艙容和載重量。進(jìn)一步講，基本設(shè)計(jì)還包括校核和修改，以滿足貨物裝卸能力，居位艙，客房設(shè)施，分艙和穩(wěn)性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，干舷和噸位測(cè)量，所有這些都是將船舶當(dāng)成運(yùn)輸、工業(yè)化或服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的一部分。Basicdesignencompassesb

5、othconceptdesignpreliminarydesign.Itresultsinthedeterminationofmajshipacteristicspermittingthepreparationofinitialcostestimates.Intheoveralldesignprocessbasicdesignisfollowedbycontractdesigndetaildesign.Contractdesignasi

6、tsnameimpliesdevelopsplansspecificationssuitablefshipyardbiddingcontractaward.Wellpreparedcontractplansspecificationswillbeclearinsufficientdetailtoavoidcostlycontingencyitemsprotectbiddersfromobscureinadequatedeionofreq

7、uirements.Detaildesignistheshipyard’sresponsibilityffurtherdevelopingthecontractplansasrequiredtoprepareshopdrawingsusedftheactualconstructionofthevessel.基本設(shè)計(jì)包含概念設(shè)計(jì)和初步設(shè)計(jì)，可以確定船舶主要技術(shù)參數(shù)，為造價(jià)初步估計(jì)做準(zhǔn)備。再整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，基本設(shè)計(jì)之后緊接著就是合同設(shè)計(jì)和詳

8、細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)。合同設(shè)計(jì)，顧名思義，需要做出圖紙和詳細(xì)說(shuō)明書，以便船廠去投標(biāo)和簽約。一套良好的合同圖紙和詳細(xì)說(shuō)明書應(yīng)當(dāng)是非常清晰和詳細(xì)的，以避免高成本的偶然性項(xiàng)目，并使投標(biāo)者不出現(xiàn)模糊不請(qǐng)的或specificationswhichfmanintegralpartoftheshipbuildingcontractdocument.Itencompassesonemeloopsaroundthedesignspiraltherebyfurtherr

9、efiningthepreliminarydesign.Thisstagedelineatesmepreciselysuchfeaturesashullfmbasedonafairedsetoflinespoweringbasedonmodeltestingseakeepingmaneuveringacteristicstheeffectofnumberofpropellersonhullfmstructuraldetailsuseof

10、differenttypesofsteelspacingtypeofframes.Paramountamongthecontractdesignfeaturesisaweightcenterofgravityestimatetakingintoaccountthelocationweightofeachmajitemintheship.Thefinalgeneralarrangementisalsodevelopedduringthis

11、stage.Thisfixestheoverallvolumesareasofcargomachinerystesfueloilfreshwaterlivingutilityspacestheirinterrelationshipaswellastheirrelationshiptootherfeaturessuchascargohlingequipmentmachinerycomponents.Theaccompanyingspeci

12、ficationsdelineatequalitystardsofhulloutfittheanticipatedperfmancefeachitemofmachineryequipment.Theydescribetheteststrialsthatshallbeperfmedsuccessfullyinderthatthevesselwillbeconsideredacceptable.C合同設(shè)計(jì)合同設(shè)計(jì)階段提供了一系列圖紙和說(shuō)明書

13、，形成了一套船舶建造合同文件。它包括圍繞設(shè)計(jì)螺旋的一個(gè)或多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，因?yàn)閷?duì)初步設(shè)計(jì)作進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化。這一階段更加準(zhǔn)確地描繪船舶特征，如基于一套光滑線組成的船體線型，基于模型試驗(yàn)的主機(jī)功率匹配，船舶耐波性與操縱性，螺旋槳數(shù)量對(duì)型線的影響，結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)節(jié)，不同類型鋼材的使用，肋骨間距和形式等。再合同涉及元素中最重要的是考慮了船舶各個(gè)主要分段設(shè)備的重量及其位置之后的船舶重量與重心的估算。最終的總布置圖也是在這一階段確定下來(lái)，這就將總體積、貨物區(qū)域、機(jī)器設(shè)

14、備、儲(chǔ)物設(shè)備、燃油、淡水、居住與公用艙室以及幾何相互關(guān)系固定下來(lái)。還包括與其它因素例如貨物裝卸裝備、機(jī)器設(shè)備等的關(guān)系也都確定下來(lái)。補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明書描述了船體和舾裝的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以及各個(gè)機(jī)器、設(shè)備的預(yù)期性能。這些說(shuō)明書還敘述了模型試驗(yàn)和實(shí)驗(yàn)情況，一表明船舶設(shè)計(jì)師成功的，船舶是可接受的。表1.1列出了一艘大型船舶在合同設(shè)計(jì)中的典型圖紙清單。小型船、不復(fù)雜的船客不要求具備表中所列的每一圖紙，但該表確實(shí)顯示了合同涉及中考慮的細(xì)致程度。d.Detaild

15、esign.Thefinalstagesofshipdesignisthedevelopmentofdetailedwkingplans.Theseplansaretheinstallationconstructioninstructionstotheshipfittersweldersoutfittersmetalwkersmachineryvendspipefittersetc.Assuchtheyarenotconsideredt

16、obeapartofthebasicdesignprocess.Oneuniqueelementtoconsiderinthisstageofdesignisthatuptothispointeachphaseofthedesignispassedfromoneengineeringgrouptoanother.Atthisstagetheinterchangeisfromengineertoartisanthatistheengine

17、er’sproductatthispointisnolongertobeinterpretedadjustedcrectedbyanyotherengineer.Thisengineeringproductmustunequivocallydefinethedesiredendresultbeproducibleoperable.Insummarythischapterconsidersbasicdesignasthatptionoft