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1、EuropeanEuropeanHistyPrintHistyPrintversionversionFromWikibookstheopencontenttextbookscollectionEuropeanHistyThispagemayneedtobereviewedfquality.Jumpto:navigationsearchThisThisisisthetheprintprintversionversionofofEurope

2、anEuropeanHistyHistyYouwontseethismessageanyelementsnotpartofthebookscontentwhenyouprintpreviewthispage.EuropeanEuropeanHistyHistyThecurrenteditableversionofthisbookisavailableinWikibookstheopencontenttextbookscollection

3、at:en.wikibooks.gwikiEuropean_HistyPermissionisgrantedtocopydistributemodifythisdocumentunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlike3.0License.?GNUFreeDocumentationLicense[editedit]ChapterChapter0101TheTheCrise

4、sCrisesofofthethedledleAgesAges[editedit]IntroductionIntroductionThedleAgeswereaperiodofapproximately1000yearsofhistywhichisgenerallyacceptedtospanfromthefalloftheRomanEmpiretowardstheendofthe5thcenturytotheProtestantref

5、mationinthe16thcentury.ThisperiodbeganwithademographicdownturnattheendoftheRomanimperialerawithEuropeanpopulationsshrinkingmanycitiesruralestatesaboned.Acoolingclimatediseasepoliticaldisderallplayedapartinthisopeningperi

6、odwhichsawClassicalMediterraneancivilizationbecamecentersofresistancedissenttotheoldroyalchurchauthities.Fmernobleknightlyinfluencedeclinedrulersrealignedthemselvestowardtheincreasinglywealthyinfluentialburghermerchantcl

7、asses.Theemergenceoftheprintingpressspreadingliteracyincreasedreligiouspoliticalconflictinmanycountries.By1500ChristopherColumbushadsailedacrosstheoceantotheNewWldMartinLutherwasabouttotakemuchofEuropeoutofthebitoftheRom

8、anchurch.ThesedevelopmentsopenedthemoderneraofhistybroughtthedleAgestotheirtrueend.AnumberofmoderninstitutionshavetheirrootsinthedleAges.Theconceptofnationstateswithstrongcentralgovernmentalpowerstemsfromtheconsolidation

9、ofpowersbysomekingsofthedleAges.Thesekingsfmedroyalcourtsappointedsheriffsfmedroyalarmiesbegantocollecttaxesallconceptscentraltomoderngovernment.AleadingexamplewastheFrenchkingdomruledbytheCapetiandynastyfrom987untilthee

10、arly14thcentury.Frenchprovincialnoblestheircastlesknightswerebroughtundereffectiveroyalcontrolduringthistimenationalunitybenefited.ConverselyGermanywhichhadhadstrongkingsinthe10thearly11thcenturiessufferedaseriesofpoliti

11、calconflictsduringtheHighdleAgesbetweenrulerstheChurchwhichweakenednationalcohesionelevatedregionalldstogreatinfluence.DuringthedleAgesKingsiginallycalledParliamentstoexplaintheirpoliciesaskfmoney.Parliamentsatthistimere

12、presentedcollectiveestatestheclergynoblesmerchantsnotindividuals.Theideaoflimitedgovernmentalsoarosechallengingthetraditionalnotionatthetimethatrulerswereallpowerful(suchasaRomanemperanEgyptianpharaoh).Themostsubstantial

13、occurrencewasin1215whenthenoblesofEnglassertedtheirrightsagainstKingJohnintheMagnaCarta.Inadditionthenotionofparliamentsasexplainedabovecameintoexistencethereciprocalnatureofthefeudalmanialcontractslaidthemostbasicground

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