高級(jí)口譯和專八閱讀以及文化常識(shí)必讀

1、博聯(lián)兄弟同聲翻譯提醒大家專注本帖：高級(jí)口譯和專八閱讀以及文化常識(shí)必讀。想過專八的同學(xué)和想過高口的同學(xué)，本文當(dāng)成掃盲課，每周溫習(xí)一遍。堅(jiān)持3個(gè)月，成人文專家。1、TwomajelementsinEuropeanculture:theGrecoRomanJudeoChristian2、Democracymeans:“exerciseofpowerbythewholepeople”butby“thewholepeople”theGreeksm

2、eantonlytheadultmalecitizenscitizenshipwasasetofrightswhichamaninheritedfromhisfatherwomenchildrenfeignersslaveswereexcludedtheyhavenorights.3、Homerepics:theIliadtheOdyssey4、Dramadevelopedinthe5thcenturyB.CTragedian悲劇作家A

3、eschylus希臘的悲劇詩(shī)人埃斯庫(kù)羅斯—Prometheus普羅米修斯boundPersiansAgamemnon阿伽門農(nóng)特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中希臘軍隊(duì)的統(tǒng)帥Sophocles—Oedipus[希神]俄狄浦斯thekingElectraAntigone[希神]安提歌尼(底比斯王俄狄普斯之女因違抗禁令而自殺身亡)Euripides歐里庇得斯(希臘的悲劇詩(shī)人)—romacheMedea美狄亞(希臘神話中科爾喀斯國(guó)王之女以巫術(shù)著稱曾幫助過伊阿宋取得金

4、羊毛)Trojan特洛伊womenComedist喜劇作家Aristophanes—FrogscloudsBirdswasps5、PhilosophySocrates蘇格拉底:Dialogues他堅(jiān)持的觀點(diǎn)是人類的美德是一種知識(shí)，因此一切惡行都是無(wú)知的結(jié)果。Plato柏拉圖:Dialogues對(duì)話錄theApologySymposium(dealingwithbeautylove)theRepublicPlato’sphilosophy

5、iscalledidealism理想主義唯心論.Aristotle亞里斯多德:Ethics倫理學(xué)PoliticsPoetics詩(shī)論Rhetic修辭學(xué)重點(diǎn)Whatshouldbeman’saiminlifeAristotle’sanswerwashappinessbutnothappinessinthevulgarsensebutsomethingthatcouldonlybeachievedbyleadingalifeofreasong

6、oodnesscontemplation沉思.6、Cynics犬儒主義P29Asaknighthewaspledged誓言toprotecttheweaktofightfthechurchtobeloyaltohisldrespectwomenofnoblebirth貴族出身.TheseruleswereknownasacodeofChivalry.13、基督教是如何成為合法的唯一宗教并被尊為國(guó)教P76Constantine康斯坦丁大帝

7、whowonwarbetweenrivalsfthethrone君主theemperofRoman.HebelievedthatGodhadhelpedhiminwinningthebattleissuedtheEdictofMilanin313.Itgranted準(zhǔn)予religionsfreedomtoallmadeChristianitylegal.In392A.DemperTheodosiusmadeChristianitythe

8、officialreligionoftheempireoutlawed宣布...為不合法allotherreligious.14、Thecrusades十字軍名字的由來？為什么東征及東征的意義P99ToexpresstheirreligiousfeelingsmanypeopleinthedleAgeswentonjourneystosacred神圣的placeswhereearlyChristianleadershadlived.Th

9、emostimptantofallwasJerusalem耶路撒冷.Butin1071PalestinefelltothearmiesoftheTurkishMoslemswhounliketheArabsattackedtheChristianpilgrims朝圣者，killingmanyofthemsoldmanyothersasslaves.Newofthiskindroused激起greatindignationamongChr

10、istiansinwesternEurope.TheresultwasaseriesofHolywars圣戰(zhàn)calledcrusades十字軍東侵whichwentonabout200years.AllthesoldiersgoingtoPalestinewearedcrossonthetunics束腰外衣assymbolofobedience順從toGod.Significance:1althoughthecrusadesdidnot

11、achievetheirgoaltoregaintheHolyltheyhadanimptanteffectonthefutureofboththeeastwest.TheybroughttheeastintoclosercontactwiththewesttheygreatlyinfluentonhistyofEurope.2crusadeshelpedtobreakdownfeudalism封建主義.3thecrusadesalso

12、resultedinrenewingpeople’sinterestinlearninginvention.15、NationalEpicsP105TheepicwastheproductoftheHeroicAge古希臘的“英雄時(shí)代”1Beowulf(700~750A.D)anAngloSaxon盎格魯撒克遜人epic.2SongofRolan羅蘭之詩(shī)—about12thA.DItisthemostwellknownofagroupo

13、fFrenchepicsknowsasLaChansondegestes.P11116、Dante但丁AlighieriItalygreatestpoet.Thedivinecomedy《神曲》P11817、Renaissance文藝復(fù)興means14th~17thP129Thewd“Renaissance”meansrevivalspecificallyinthisperiodofhistyrevivalofinterestinanc