構(gòu)詞法用法詳解

1、構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法主要有合成法、轉(zhuǎn)化法、派生法和縮略法四種。掌握構(gòu)詞法是迅速擴(kuò)大詞匯量的重要方法之一。第一節(jié)合成法一、合成名詞1、名詞／代詞＋名詞：womandoctwomendoctswkshopspaceshiphegoatcoalfiremotcyclegascookeroilwellpowerplantsilkwmgoldminebottleneckpianokeystelephonereceivertelevisionscreenc

2、hairmanfiremanmotmanpoliceofficerpostmanpinetreegirlfriendboyfriendgoldfishrainbirdcagebreakfasttimeflowerbedtearoom2、動詞＋名詞：blowpipeflashlightwatchdogcallgirlsearchlight3、形容詞＋名詞：blacksmithblackboardsupermarketsupermandar

3、kroomblackbirdhighchairhothousegreenhousemadman4、動名詞＋名詞：readingroomsittingroomclassroomschoolroomdiningroombuildingmaterialsdancinggirlcleaningwomenflyingmachinewashingmachinewkingconditionsboildingpointdrinkingwaterswim

4、mingpooldrinkingcuptypingpaperwritingdesksewingmachinewalkingstick5、名詞＋動名詞：machinebuildingshoemakingpapercrectingbookkeepingdressmakingletterwritingstytellingtownplanninghwritingsunbathinghseridingchurchgoingdaydreaming6

5、、動詞＋副詞：stbytakeoffcutoffbreakdown7、副詞＋名詞：downfallrainfallouthouse8、現(xiàn)在分詞＋名詞：runningdogrunningwaterflyingfishrisingsunburningstick9、名詞＋介詞＋名詞：manofwareditinchief10、名詞＋連詞字母＋名詞：hiwknowadays11、介詞／副詞＋名詞：afternooninloverbalance二

6、、合成形容詞1、形容詞＋名詞＋ed：fivesteyedoneeyeddoublefacedblueeyed2、名詞＋名詞＋ed：honeymouthed2、合成介詞：outsideinsidethroughout第二節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)化法不用借助構(gòu)詞詞綴，把一個單詞從一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞類的方法就是轉(zhuǎn)化法。由于詞類轉(zhuǎn)化的結(jié)果，英語中就形成了大量外形相同但詞類不同的詞，即同形異類詞。轉(zhuǎn)化主要有如下幾種類型。一、名詞起定語作用（類似名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞）

7、：spacetraveltelevisionwkstonetablepaperbagwaterpipehistyteachercollegestudents二、名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞：todustthedesk?goboatingdust?boattotrain?toshipthegoodstrain?tomailship?tofilmthisstymail?film三、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞：todryyourhs?toslowdownalittl

8、ebitdry?slowtonarrowthestreet?tofreetheslavesnarrow?towrongsbfree?wrong四、動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞：withoutany?agooddresstodoubt?anacttodress?toactloveof?aterriblesmelltolove?alocalguidetosmell?doubttoguideusademfmeequal?agoodtastetodem?on

9、e’scountrytotasterights五、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞：ChinaDaily?dangerouschemicalsdaily?chemicalanative?amathsfinalnative?final第三節(jié)派生法派生法又叫詞綴法，即在一個單詞前或其后加上詞綴，構(gòu)成新的單詞。中學(xué)英語中以派生法生成的詞匯占整個中學(xué)詞匯總量的25％。一、前綴一般說來前綴不會改變一個詞的詞性。1、否定前綴(1)una.un形容詞：unfitun

10、happyunfairunluckyunftunateunkindunimptantunnecessaryuncomftableunselfishunusualuncommonunexpectedunknownunthinkableunbelievableunseenunfgettableunwiseunhealthyunpleasantunableuntrueb.un副詞：undoubtedlyunexpectedlyunftunat

11、elyunusuallyunhappilyunluckily由un＋形容詞構(gòu)成的詞除了unknownunseenunfit等詞之外，其它詞都可變?yōu)榧觢y的副詞（個別形容詞尾需要變動）。c.un＋動詞：uncoveruntieunlockundressundounpack(2)im＋形容詞：impossibleimpolite(3)in＋形容詞：increctincompleteinvisibleindependent(4)ir＋形容詞：