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1、我國長江中下游地區(qū)是研究人類早期文明尤其是稻作農業(yè)起源與發(fā)展的一個重要區(qū)域。中國科學院南京地質古生物研究所王偉銘研究員及其研究團隊選取該地區(qū)受人類活動影響較小的自然剖面和考古點剖面，開展了包括高分辨率AMS14C測年、孢粉、炭屑、磁化率和粒度以及區(qū)域表土花粉和與農作物相關植物現(xiàn)代花粉形態(tài)等一系列研究。該研究重建了晚更新世以來自然植被氣候序列、新石器以來人類活動序列以及相互間的聯(lián)系；提出了中國史前稻作農業(yè)的形成與發(fā)展的3個發(fā)展階段，即起始

2、階段（8000BC以前，與中石器時期大致相當）、發(fā)展階段（8000BC—5000BC）和成熟階段（自5000BC之后）；認為早期農業(yè)的起始與人類開始選擇平坦的區(qū)域定居緊密相關，并與陶器的出現(xiàn)相吻合；末次冰期后的全球性氣候變暖促成了呈泛熱帶地區(qū)分布的野生稻開始向北遷移，以及當時的食物需求和儲藏可能是引發(fā)稻作農業(yè)的另一大原因。全新世大暖期氣候條件和人口的增加則極大地推動了研究區(qū)稻作農業(yè)的發(fā)展。研究結果很好地揭示了人類從狩獵采集生活方式向農業(yè)

3、生產的轉變過程。此項研究成果即將在國際學術刊物QuaternaryInternational上發(fā)表。ExplationofearlyricefarminginChinaWeiMingWangaJinLongDingbJunWuShuaWeiChencaNanjingInstituteofGeologyPalaeontologyChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008ChinabSuzhouArchaeo

4、logicalInstituteSuzhou215001ChinacNanjingInstituteofGeographyLimnologyChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008ChinaWiththeincreasingaccumulationofdataonearlyricefarminginthedlelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverthisregionhasbecom

5、eoneofthemostimptantplacestotracetheigindevelopmentofagriculture.ThispapergivesageneralevaluationofsomeearlyricesitesincludingtheHemuduMajiabangKuahuqiaoShangshanculturesinthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverthePengtoushanCh

6、engbeixiculturestheXianrendongDiaotonghuanYuchanyansitesinthedlereachesoftheYangtzeRivertheJiahusiteinNthChinarecognizesthreemaindevelopmentstagesoftheprehisticricefminginChinai.e.initialstage(befe8000BCapproximatelyequa

7、ltoMesolithicAge)developingstage(between8000BC5000BC)maturatingstage(since5000BC).Theinitiationofagricultureissuggestedtocomewiththeestablishmentofmelesssedentaryresidenceswhichcoexistswiththeoccurrenceofpotterymaking.Wa

8、rmingclimateafterthelastglaciationsisconsideredasamajfactthatallowedthedistributionofthewildricenthward.FoodrequirementstageareanotherfactininitiatingearlyricefarmingwhiletheincreasingpopulationtheHolocenegeneralintro:Th

9、eColPurpleisa1982eistolarynovel書信小說writtenbyAmericanauthAliceWalkerthatwonthe1983PulitzerPrizefFictiontheNationalBookAwardfFiction.TakingplacemostlyinruralGegiathestyfocusesonfemaleblacklifeinthe1930sinthesouthernUnitedS

10、tatesaddressingnumerousissuesincludingtheirexceedinglylowpositioninAmericansocialculture.Plotsummary（只選了關于書信那一截，大概曉得是為撒子只選了關于書信那一截，大概曉得是為撒子寫信就行了寫信就行了）TheColPurplespanstheyears1909to1949relatingthelifeofCelieaSouthernblac

11、kwomanvirtuallysoldintoalifeofservitudetoherbrutalhusbsharecropperAlbert.CelietheprotagonistnarratofTheColPurpleisapouneducatedfourteenyearoldblackgirllivinginruralGegia.CeliestartswritingletterstoGodbecauseherstepfather

12、Alphonsobeatsrapesher.CeliepoursoutherinnermostthoughtsinletterfmtohersistertiebutAlberthasbeenhidingtheletterstiewritesbackallowingCelietoassumethattieisdead.LettersAliceWalkerhighlightsthepowerofcommunicationthroughthe

13、actersletterwritingfm.ThelettersthatCeliewritestoGodlatertohersistertiesymbolizeacertainvoicethatonlyCeliehasonethatsheisonlyabletoexpressinherletters.Sheisabletoexpresshertruedesiresonlyinherletter.Theselettersallowhert

14、odisplayanyemotiontheyareverypersonaltoheraswell.InthebeginningwhenshewaswritinglettersonlytoGodtheletterswereveryprivateCeliewouldnothavewantedanyonetoseethem.Thelettersaretheonlywayshecanrepresenthertruefeelingsdespair