英語議論文寫作匯總

1、writing,Writing:,應(yīng)用文,議論文,短文,Writing:,通知,感謝信,祝賀信,邀請信,道歉信,投訴信,慰問信,求職信,推薦信,詢問信,應(yīng)用文,議論文,議論文就是要求大家就某一方面對問題通過擺事實，講道理的方式來表達(dá)自己的看法。一般說來，議論文由論點、論據(jù)、論證三個部分構(gòu)成。一般按提出問題，分析問題，解決問題的邏輯順序來安排。,,議論文寫作方法,提出議題，辨明自己的態(tài)度，觀點鮮明，開門見山。提出正反兩方面的觀點，形成對

2、照的對比法。列出錯誤的觀點，逐條批駁的駁論法。用推理法、歸納法得出結(jié)論。,寫作類型及寫作模板,現(xiàn)象闡釋型,問題解決型,對比選擇型,觀點論證型,利弊評述型,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,對某一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行解釋說明，分析其原因并加以評論 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.描述現(xiàn)象并說明其現(xiàn)狀； 2.分析這種現(xiàn)象的原因或相關(guān) 因素； 3.最后提出建

3、議或總結(jié)觀點。 e.g. Why College Students Have Difficulty Finding Jobs? Chatting on Line,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,一 描述現(xiàn)象1）開門見山，總述現(xiàn)象 Nowadays, there exists a social/ economic/environmental phenomenon, which has arouse

4、d great concern among people around us./ 總體現(xiàn)象 has increasingly become a common concern of the public. /總體現(xiàn)象 is commonly accepted by the people from all walks of life.According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況（或是一個例子）。,Ⅰ.

5、現(xiàn)象闡述型,二 闡述原因There are a couple of reasons booming this problems/ phenomenon. / This problems/ phenomenon has a great effect on…( 影響的主要對象). Firstly，/Above all/ First of all(原因一/影響一). Secondly/ What’s more/ Furthermore,

6、 (原因二/影響二). Besides/ Finally(原因三/影響三). As the result/ Therefore/ Consequently, (結(jié)果).,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,三 表明觀點As far as I am concerned/ As to me/ In my opinion, “我”的觀點態(tài)度做法. Furthermore, 進(jìn)一步說明. Therefore/ Based on the above dis

7、cussions, I can conclude / it can be concluded that…( 總結(jié)全文).,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,模板一：①——has become a common part of people’s life. ②And——has always aroused the greatest concern. ③what impresses us most is ——.④The reasons——are vari

8、ed. 5. Among the various reasons,——plays an important role.6.That is to say,——7.What is more,——8.For example,—— 9．When talking about——，——，10．On the one hand——11．On the other hand,——12．In brief,——,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,模板二：1.We have

9、witnessed —— 2.According to ——，—— 3.And —— 4. Many reasons contribute to—— 5. To begin with ,——. 6. More over,—— 7. In addition ,—— 8. As a result ,—— 9. As to me,——，10. First of all,—— 11. Besides,—— 12.To conclude,——,Ⅰ

10、. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,模板三：1. ——has been brought into focus. 2. Nowadays,——. 3. In addition, ——. 4. Many reasons contribute to—— 5. Generally speaking ,——. 6. First of all,—— 7. More over,—— 8.Therefore ,—— 9. As far as I am concern

11、ed,——， 10. As we known ,——11. Furthermore,—— 12. In a word,——,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,CardsOutline:1.現(xiàn)代城市中持卡的人愈來愈多； 2. 原因在于…… 3. 我的看法。,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,Nowadays, holding cads has become a common phenomenon. According to a survey, o

12、ver 80% of people in big cities hold various kinds of cards issued by banks, restaurants, supermarkets, etc. There are a number of reasons for it. First of all, it is convenient to consume by cards. What’s more, It is

13、safer to carry cards than cash. For example, if one’s cards are lost, the owner needn’t worry too much because no one else,SAMPLE,Ⅰ. 現(xiàn)象闡述型,can get the money out without the password. In addition , cards can give card hol

14、ders certain privilege or discount in service. Therefore, holding cards , especially among the youth, becomes fashionable recently. As for me, cards have a bright future. With the development of science and technology, c

15、ards will become much safer and easier to use. Therefore, it can be concluded that more people will use cards.,SAMPLE,,Ⅱ 問題解決型,描述反映出的問題，提出解決方案或應(yīng)對措施 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 引出要解決的問題及其嚴(yán)重性或必要性，并簡要 分析其產(chǎn)生的原因或帶來的危害和影響；

16、 提出解決問題的辦法或措施； 表明自己的態(tài)度，提出建議并展望前景。e.g. How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic How to Succeed in a Job Interview Staying Healthy,Ⅱ 問題解決型,一 描述問題 In recent years, increasi

17、ng numbers of people 關(guān)注/牽涉/參與不良現(xiàn)象或某一問題 . It is obvious that 危害一 /作用一. Additionally, 危害二 /作用二 . Therefore, special/ considerable attention should be paid to 該問題. 二 說明方法/ 因素On the one hand/ Firstly, 方法一 . On the other

18、hand /Secondly, 方法二 . In addition/ Thirdly, 方法三 .,Ⅱ 問題解決型,三 議論 Of course, following these suggestions/ methods may not surely solve the problem, but it is worth of trying . As for me / in my opinion, “我”的思考或

19、看法. Only in this way…倒裝句總結(jié)全文/ Undoubtedly, it is necessary/ essential…根本途徑.,Ⅱ 問題解決型,模板一1. With the development/improvement of ——. 2. It is necessary that——. 3. On the one hand, ——. 4. On the other hand, —— 5. Therefore

20、, how to —— is worth paying attention. 6. Firstly—— 7. Secondly—— 8. For example,—— 9. Thirdly, ——. 10. In other words,—— 11. In fact, ways to —— are countless. 12. It’s time that ——,Ⅱ 問題解決型,模板二1. There has been a disc

21、ussion recently about——. 2. It is obvious that——. 3. Additionally, ——. 4. So it is high time, ——5. First of all, —— 6.The reason is—— 7. Secondly—— 8.That is to say,—— 9. Thirdly, ——. 10. In fact, more than three ways ca

22、n be adopted,——11. As for me, —— 12. All in all, ——,Ⅱ 問題解決型,模板三1. It is certain that——. 2. For one reason,——. 3. For another, ——. 4. However, some still puzzle on how to ——. 5. Here come some suggestions. 6.To begin w

23、ith,—— 7. Secondly—— 8. For instance,—— 9. Thirdly, ——. 10. That is because—— 11. The solution vary according to different situations. 12.Therefore, ——,Ⅱ 問題解決型,Getting to Know the Society Outline: 1. 大學(xué)生了解社會的必要

24、性； 2. 了解社會的途徑（大眾媒體、社會實踐活動等）； 3. 我在這方面是怎么做的。 It is necessary for college students to know the society. In school, we only obtain knowledge from books, which, sometimes, is,SAMPLE,Ⅱ 問題解決型,Different from real

25、 life experience. Only through practice, can we modify our ways in study in order to serve society better after graduation. What’s more, we can gain abilities in organization and management in practice.

26、 There are many ways for us to know the society. For example, we can learn a lot through watching TV, listening to the radio, reading newspapers and so on,SAMPLE,Ⅱ 問題解決型,Also we can know the soc

27、iety through serving it, such as being a social volunteer to offer help to the disabled. Besides the ways mentioned above, I take an active part in some social activities. For example, I have been a private teache

28、r in my spare time and taken a part-time job in the holiday. In this way, I think I can better fit society in future,SAMPLE,,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,比較兩種觀點或兩種做法，進(jìn)而表明自己對問題或事物的態(tài)度或觀點。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. 對要評價的事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行整體介紹； 2. 陳述兩種不同的

29、觀點或做法及其理由； 3. 表明自己的觀點或態(tài)度。 e.g. Money It Pays to Be Honest Chose a Famous University or a Favorite Major,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,一 提出觀點 When asked about/ When it comes to 事物 /問題，different people will

30、offer different opinions. Some people take it granted that 觀點一. In their opinion, 選擇觀點一的理由一. Besides,選擇觀點一的理由二. 二 對比論證 However, others hold that觀點二. They maintain that 觀點二/選擇觀點二的理由一. And 觀點二/選擇觀點二的理由二. 三 總結(jié)觀

31、點 Weighing up these two arguments, I am for the former/ latter viewpoint/ choice. “我”的理由. Therefore, as stated above, 重申觀點/選擇.,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,模板一：1. Different people have different views on—— 2. Some people prefer,——. 3.

32、 Others tend to, ——. 4. As to me, I agree with /to —— 5. Of course,——. 6. For example,—— 7. But,—— 8.The following reasons can account for my preference—— 9.The main reason is ——. 10. A good example to illustrate is ——

33、11. For another,—— 12. From the foregoing,——,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,模板二：1.There is no complete agreement among people as to —— 2. Some people consider,——. 3. However, others think, ——. 4. Some people may say —— 5. They hold this opini

34、on because——. 6. However, others believe,——7.They argue that,—— 8. Personally, I am in favor of the—— 9. Firstly, ——. 10. Secondly,—— 11. Most important of all —— 12.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/

35、I may reasonably conclude that ——,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,模板三：1. When asked about ——,different people will offer different opinions. 2. Some people take it for granted that——. 3. In their opinion, ——. 4. Besides —— 5. However, others

36、hold——. 6.They maintain—— 7. And—— 8. Weighing up these arguments, I am for—— 9. For one thing——. 10. For another,—— 11. For instance,——12.Therefore, as stated above——,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,Money outline: 1. 有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬能的； 2.

37、有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬惡之源 （the source of all crimes）； 3. 我對金錢的看法。 Some people claim that money is the only rule that measures a person. They would regard you as a successful man if you have a large sum of money. And they wou

38、ld even consider you a fool if you are penniless,,SAMPLE,Ⅲ 對比選擇型,or if you are against them. Others try to prove that money is the source of all crimes. To illustrate, they say that a certain person needs money an

39、d he goes to steal or rob. And they would often tell the story that a millionaire pays off some politicians so that he can do whatever he likes. My attitude towards money is that we earn money to live, but not liv

40、e to earn money . No matter how much money we have , we should be always the master of it, but not the slave of it.,SAMPLE,,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,要求根據(jù)題目所給的論點，按照題目要求通過擺事實、講道理的方式對該論點進(jìn)行論證或反駁。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. 提出要論證或反駁的論點；

41、 2. 提出論據(jù)對其進(jìn)行論證或反駁； 3. 表明自己的立場和看法。,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,e.g. Why I Attended College? Harmfulness of Fake Commodities The Job I like Best The Benefits of Making Friends of Different Kinds

42、,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,駁論： Up to now, many people hold it true that 某觀點.They believe 進(jìn)一步說明此觀點. However, recent survey/ research shows that 與上述觀點相反的論點. The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows. Above all,論據(jù)一.

43、 For example,（支持論據(jù)一的事例）.Furthermore, 論據(jù)二及支持論據(jù)二的事例.Most importantly, 論據(jù)三 . All that has been discussed above points to the fact that重申本文論點 .Therefore,與該觀點相符合的做法和態(tài)度.,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,立論:People are familiar with /it is widely acce

44、pted that某觀點. As we know, 觀點正確性的表現(xiàn). Therefore, 小結(jié)觀點.There are numerous examples supporting this argument. A case in point is 例一. For another example, 引出并說明例二. Moreover, 闡述第三個例子. From what has been discussed above, we s

45、hould understand that 重申觀點. But (one thing we have to notice is that)提出個人建議. Therefore, 總結(jié)全文.,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,模板一1. It is true that——. 2. However,——. 3. I think——. 4. —— can be listed as follow. 5. First of all, —— 6. Secondly

46、—— 7. For example—— 8.Thirdly,—— 9. A case in point is ——. 10. It goes without saying that——11.There is no doubt that —— 12. In conclusion ——,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,模板二1. Some people believe that——. 2. The truth is deep and profound.

47、3. As we know,——. 4. In addition,——. 5. There are numerous examples —— 6. A case in point is——7.There is close to suggest—— 8. For another example——9.Moreover,——.10.All mentioned above tell us—— 11. But one thing we have

48、 to notice is that —— 12. In a word, ——,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,Why I attended College? Outline: 1. 你為什么會選擇上大學(xué)； 2. 你認(rèn)為上大學(xué)是否值得？,SAMPLE,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,Why did I choose to attend college? Is the four-year academic life worthwhile? I have

49、 put these questions to myself many times, and now I have reached the conclusion that college education is what I truly want and it is worthwhile . I chose to attend college because I enjoy learning. I felt that

50、 I wanted to continue to study. I simply didn’t want to enter the working world so soon. I chose to attend college also because I feel college is more than a place which offers knowledge. It also exposes one to a rich va

51、riety of ideas. Finally, I feel that,SAMPLE,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,in today’s world college education has become almost essential in the competitive job market. Attending college is a practical and necessary step to ensure a secure fut

52、ure for myself So, I never consider myself unhappy or miserable, and I never think attending college is a waste of time and money.,SAMPLE,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,Wealth and Happiness Outline: 1. 每個人都想獲得財富，財富似乎就是幸福，其實不然；

53、 2. 世界上有許多東西是財富換不來的。 Up to now, many people still hold that wealth can bring happiness. They believe that with a great amount of money, they must live a happier life. However, recent survey shows that wealth i

54、s not necessarily associated with happiness. The arguments for this point of view can be listed as follows.,SAMPLE,Ⅳ 觀點論證型,Above all, good health plays an important role above wealth in a happy life. For example, people

55、can buy medicine with money, but cannot buy health. Furthermore, wealth may encourage those harmful habits which may ruin the wealth owner, such as addiction to drugs and gambling . Most importantly, there is one thing e

56、ssential to happiness which cannot be bought with wealth-love. All that has been discussed above shows that wealth is not equal to happiness. Therefore, we should not be crazy about money and earn it with honest

57、work,SAMPLE,,Ⅴ.利弊評述型,要求客觀地分析和評論某一事物的正反兩方面 ，或在某一問題上反映出的兩種不同看法,采用平衡利弊的態(tài)度，提出某種希望和設(shè)想。 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.分析某事物的現(xiàn)狀及優(yōu)點； 2. 說明事物缺點； 3. 對事物現(xiàn)狀和前景的看法。 e.g. The Positive and Nega

58、tive Aspects of Skyscrapers The Development of a Private Car My View on Examination,Ⅴ.利弊評述型,For the past few years, 某事物 has been widely accepted by people/ has come into people’s daily life. No one den

59、y that某事物的好處. For one thing, 好處一. For another 好處二 . However, just as all coins have two sides, there are also disadvantages about 某事物的弊端. For example, 弊端一. Moreover, 弊端二 . Finally, 弊端三. In my opin

60、ion, “ 我”的建議 . Only in this way, can we… 總結(jié)全文.,Ⅴ.利弊評述型,Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)作文題目. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in 題目議題. Generally speaking, it is wi

61、dely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, 優(yōu)點一. And secondly 優(yōu)點二. Just as a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides",討論議題is no exception, and in another word, it still has ne

62、gative aspects. To begin with, 缺點一. In addition, 缺點二. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 討論議題into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will defi

63、nitely make a better use of the 討論議題.,Ⅴ.利弊評述型,The Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Computers Outline: 1. 家用電腦的普及； 2. 家用電腦的好處； 3.家用電腦帶來的問題。 Nowadays, comput

64、ers have come into people’s home as one of common household appliances. There is no doubt that like TV, home computers benefit people greatly. With the computer, the home becomes a library, a school,,SAMPLE,Ⅴ.利弊評述型,an of

65、fice and an entertainment center. All kinds of information can be close at one’s finger tips. In addition, home computers bring people far away closer to us. Despite the convenience that home computers bring about

66、, they have disadvantages. For example, people, especially the youth, may easily get addicted to computer games. Besides, since nearly everything can be done in front of the computer, we may become more isolated from peo