healthy eating3

1、成才之路 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版 · 必修3,Healthy eating,Unit 2,第二課時(shí)　Learning about Language情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Ⅱ),Unit 2,觀察句子，寫明情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。①By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.(ought to意義：________；此處指________，具有一定的針對(duì)性

2、)②What could have happened?(could have done用于______，表示對(duì)______的猜測(cè)),③Something terrible must have happened.(must have done用于________，表示對(duì)________的肯定推測(cè))④He could not believe his eyes.(could意義：________，強(qiáng)調(diào)________)答案：①應(yīng)該

3、；按理應(yīng)當(dāng)如何?、谝蓡柧?；過去發(fā)生動(dòng)作　③肯定句；過去發(fā)生動(dòng)作　④能夠；能力,一、基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)撥1．ought to的用法(1)ought to“應(yīng)該”。與should相比較ought to語氣重，偏重“責(zé)任，義務(wù)，道德，法律”等方面。如：To keep fit, we ought to learn more about our body.為了保持健康，我們應(yīng)該多了解我們的身體。(2)ought to還可表示可能性。如：It ou

4、ght to be a close game.那很可能是場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的比賽。,名師點(diǎn)撥用ought to表示推斷時(shí)，語氣較肯定，通常指的是一種合乎邏輯的可能性(與should表推斷時(shí)相似)，有時(shí)可譯為“準(zhǔn)是”(但語氣比must要弱)。(3)ought to的否定形式為ought not to或oughtn't to，其一般疑問句形式是將ought置于主語前。You oughtn't/ought not to sco

5、ld him.你不該責(zé)備他。,(4)在附加疑問句中，ought(n't) to中的to要省去。在美語中常用shouldn't代替oughtn't。We ought to go now, oughtn't/shouldn't we?我們現(xiàn)在該走了，是吧？,2．have to的用法have to“不得不”。有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式和疑問形式需要借助助動(dòng)詞do。如：His mothe

6、r is ill. He has to stay at home to look after her.他媽媽病了，他得待在家里照顧他。,易混辨析①I have to go now, for my mother is ill.現(xiàn)在我不得不走了，因?yàn)槲覌寢屔×恕＂贗 must stop smoking.我一定要戒煙。,名師點(diǎn)撥have to的否定式為don't have to，表示“沒有義務(wù)或沒有必要做某事”，

7、意為“不必”，?？梢曰卮餸ust提問的一般疑問句。而must的否定式mustn't表示“禁止”。①They don't have to worry about the nuclear radiation.他們沒有必要擔(dān)心核輻射。②You mustn't come here without permission.未經(jīng)允許，你不能來這兒。,3．need的用法(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞原形，表示“需

8、要，有必要”，無人稱和數(shù)的變化，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中。如：①You needn't go there now.你現(xiàn)在不必去那兒。②Need I go there now?我現(xiàn)在需要去那兒?jiǎn)幔?名師點(diǎn)撥由need引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句的肯定回答常用must或have to，否定回答常用needn't或don't have to?！狽eed I hand in my paper now?我現(xiàn)在需要交

9、上論文嗎？—Yes, you must./No, you needn't (don't have to)．是的，你必須。/不，你不需要。,(2)作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，同其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣，可用于各種句式，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的變化，構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do。①We need to help him.我們得幫助他。②We don't need to tell him the truth.我們不必告訴他真

10、相。,名師點(diǎn)撥當(dāng)need作“需要”講時(shí)，其后跟不定式的被動(dòng)形式相當(dāng)于跟v.­ing的主動(dòng)形式，在這一點(diǎn)上，與want和require作“需要”講時(shí)一樣。v.­ing的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，need的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是動(dòng)詞­ing形式的承受者，因此必須是及物動(dòng)詞的­ing形式，若為不及物動(dòng)詞其后應(yīng)跟介詞。The house needs/wants/requires repairing/to be rep

11、aired.這所房子需要修葺。,易混辨析試比較：①She needn't have come yesterday.她昨天本不必來。(實(shí)際上來了)②She didn't need to come yesterday.她昨天不必來。(實(shí)際上也沒來),二、難點(diǎn)突破情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done的用法1．must have done用于肯定句，表示“過去一定做過某事”。She must have bee

12、n very beautiful when she got married.她結(jié)婚時(shí)一定很漂亮。,2．can have done一般用于疑問句和否定句中，用于表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。could have done用于肯定句時(shí)，表示“本有能力做某事而未做”。①He cannot have left.His bag is still in the room.他絕不可能走了。他的包還在屋里呢。②In my view，this ac

13、cident could have been prevented.依我看，這次事故本來是可以避免的。(卻發(fā)生了),3．should(ought to)have done表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事而(實(shí)際上)沒有做”，含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣；其否定形式表示某種行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。①They ought to have been more careful.他們本該更小心些。(卻沒有)②You ought not to have told

14、 him the bad news.你本不該告訴他這個(gè)壞消息。(卻告訴了他),4．may/might have done表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，意思是“也許已經(jīng)做了某事，可能已經(jīng)做了某事”，多用在肯定句中，用might時(shí)表示語氣更加不肯定。She might have taken it home.她可能把它帶回家了。5．needn't have done表示“本不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了”。He needn't

15、 have gone there yesterday.他昨天其實(shí)不必去那兒的。(卻去了),2．—Happy birthday!—Thank you! It's the best present I ________have wished for.答案：could　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：——祝你生日快樂！——謝謝！這是我能想到的最好的禮物。could have done能夠做某事。,3．—May I take this boo

16、k out of the reading room?—No，you________.You read it in here.答案：mustn't　句意：——我可以把書帶出閱覽室嗎？——不，不可以，你應(yīng)在這里讀。由句意知，mustn't “禁止，不許”符合句意 。4．Jack described his father, who______have been a brave boy many years ago, as

17、 a strong­willed man.答案：must　句意：杰克把父親描述成一個(gè)意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人，父親多年前一定是個(gè)勇敢的男孩。表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，要用must have done結(jié)構(gòu)。,5．Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it______be regular exercise.答案：must　句意：醫(yī)生說鍛煉對(duì)身體很重要，但是必須是經(jīng)常鍛煉。

18、must“必須”。6．We ________ have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.答案：needn't　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：既然Suzie不和我們一起吃飯，那么我們本不必買那么多食物。needn't have done本不必做……。,7．I________have watched that movie—it&#

19、39;ll give me horrible dreams.答案：shouldn't　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我不該看那部電影的，那會(huì)讓我做噩夢(mèng)。shouldn't“不應(yīng)該”。8．He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________have expressed it differently.答案：could　表示過去本可以做到某事，應(yīng)用could

20、have done結(jié)構(gòu)。,9．—What sort of house do you want to have？Something big?—Well, it________be big—that's not important.答案：needn't　本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意為“你想要什么樣的房子？大的嗎？”“噢，大可不必——那不重要”。10．—I'm sorry. I________ not have

21、shouted at you the other day.—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.答案：should　由第一個(gè)人說的話可知說話人為過去(the other day“幾天前”)做的事情后悔，即“過去做了不應(yīng)該做的事情”。,11．—How's your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?—It_______

22、_be, but it is now heavily polluted.答案：should　根據(jù)語義應(yīng)填should“應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該”。12．—She looks very happy. She________have passed the exam.—I guess so. It's not difficult after all.答案：must　must have done sth表示對(duì)過去事情的肯定推測(cè)。,13．I t

23、old your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I________have driven her there.答案：should　should have done sth表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際未做”。14．My MP4 isn't in my bag. Where________I have put it?答案：can　can用于否定句和疑問句中表推測(cè)。15