澳洲國(guó)民銀行的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、文化和員工欺騙案件【外文翻譯】

1、1外文文獻(xiàn)翻外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯原文原文原文：原文：LeadershipCultureEmployeeDeceit：thecaseoftheNationalAustraliaBankTheNationalAustraliaBank(NAB)oneofAustralia’slargestbankannouncedlossesin2004ofAUD$360millionduetounauthizedfeigncurrencytradingactiv

2、itiesbyfouremployeeswhoincurreddeceptivelyconcealedthelosses.TheNABhadinplacerisklimitssupervisiontopreventtradingdeskseverreachingpositionsofthismagnitude.Howevertheriskmanagementpoliciesproceduresprovedineffective.Thep

3、urposeofthispaperistoanalysethedeceitviaacontentanalysisofofficialinvestigativereptsotherpublisheddocumentstodeterminetheextenttowhichtheBank’scultureleadershipmayhaveinfluencedtheroguetrades’behavi.Thefindingssuggesttha

4、tculturalleadshipmayhaveinfluencedtheroguetraders’behavi.ThefindingssuggestthatculturalissuestheroleplayedbytheBank’sleaderswereinfluentialincreatingaprofitdrivenculturethatultimatelyimpactedtheBank’sfeignexchangeoperati

5、ngactivities.Keywds：AustraliabanksboardofdirectsriskmanagementbusinessethicsThecaseoftheNationalAustraliaBankTheroguetradersThefourtradersinvolvedinthecurrencyoptionstradinglosseswereLukeDuffy.Table1：Schein’ssixprimaryme

6、chanismsMechanismDeion1.WhatleaderspayattentiontomeasurecontrolAttentionisconcernedwithcommunicatingsignalstoemployeesonimptantvalues.Lowerlevelstaffwillcontinuallyaligntheirfocuswiththeirleadersbybeingalertinterestedint

7、heirleadersconcernssatisfactionscriticisms3dismissalstyleassumptionsvaluesbeliefsreinfcestheleaders’preferredvalues.iondismissalisdescribedbySchein(2004)asasubtlebutpotentmethodinwhichcultureisembeddedperpetuatedbythegan

8、isation’sleaders.HowthelossesoccurredTheofficialinvestigationstracedsmalllossesfrom2001thestartingpointoftheperiodofofficialinvestigations.Thelossesoccurredprincipallybecauseofincreasingrisktakingtradingactivitiescombine

9、dwithunexpectedadversecurrencymovements.IngeneralthecurrencyoptionsdeskfailedtoanticipateprotectitspositionsagainstasustainedsignificantrallyintheAustraliacurrency(AUD).InaneffttorecoupthelossescontrarytotheBank’spolicyt

10、hetradersgambledheavilybytakingoutmassiveunhedgedpositionsanticipatinganincreasingUSdollar(USD).HoweverinSeptember2003theUSDdeclinedwithaweakeningUSDthetradersmaintainedtheirstrategyinanticipationoftheUSDreversingitsposi

11、tion.Eventually“withsignificantdeclinesinthevalueoftheUSDagainsttheAUDthedeskincurredmajlossesthatwereneverrecovered”.(APRA2004pp.1415).ExtentofthelossesTheinvestigationsrevealedthatthemajityofthelossesoccurredinthefinal

12、quarterof2003escalatingrapidlyinDecember.InDecember2003theUSDonceagainwentintorapiddeclineasithaddoneinSeptember2003.BythistimethedeskincreaseditsexposurewascountingontheUSDrallyingbackafteritsSeptemberdecline.Onceagaint

13、hetradersmiscalculatedthedirectionofthechangeinthisshtperiodthedesk’sunhedgedpositionincurredlossesofAUD$49million.In2004thesituationdidnotimproveastheUSDfellfurtheragainsttheAUDby9January2004theptfolio’sUSApositionincur

14、redfurtherlossesofAUD$85million.Thedeceitwasfinalyrevealedon13JanuarywhentheNABannouncedithadexperiencedalossofAUD$180millionfromunauthizeddealingwithinitscurrencyoptionsbusiness.Subsequentannouncementson19January27Janua