城市社區(qū)中社區(qū)活動者對于公民角色的感知影響社區(qū)參與的態(tài)度的個案研究【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：COMMUNITYACTIVISTS’PERCEPTIONSOFCITIZENSHIPROLESINANURBANCOMMUNITY:ACASESTUDYOFATTITUDESTHATAFFECTCOMMUNITYENGAGEMENTR.ALLENHAYSCIVICENGAGEMENTPOLITICALPARTICIPATIONTherecentincreaseinresearchonsocial

2、capitalcivicengagementhasbenefitedurbanscholarshipbyrefocusingattentiononaproblemwithwhichurbanistshavelongbeenconcernednamelyhowcitizenscanbeengagedmobilizedtoexerteffectiveinfluenceoncommunitydecisions.Withtheexception

3、ofafewwhohavearguedthattoomuchparticipationmayhaveanegativeimpactonurbanpolicymaking(Yates1980)mosturbanscholarsbelievethatincreasingcitizeninvolvementisdesirableinthatitislikelytoleadtoameequitabledistributionofthebenef

4、itsofurbanlifeamongcitizens.Eventhougheconomicelitesinevitablyplayapowerfulroleincommunitydecisionscitizenparticipationcanprovideacounterbalancetotheirinfluence.Thecivicengagementliteraturehasalsobroadenedourconcernfroms

5、trictlypoliticalparticipation(definedhereasparticipationintendedtodirectlyinfluencepublicpolicyelectaloutcomes)toincludeotherfmsofcivicengagement(definedasparticipationinvoluntarycommunitybasedganizationsassociations.)Th

6、esescholarshaveidentified“civilsociety”asarealmofinfmaltiesrelationshipsdistinctfromboththemarketthestate.Intheirviewtheabsenceoftheprofitimperativeofthemarketofthecoerciveelementsofthestateinthiscivicrealmfrequentlyenab

7、lesdecisionmakingthatisbothflexiblepublicspirited(Bellah1985Etzioni1998).Becauseofitsinfmalityflexibilitycivilsocietyisaprimearenafthedevelopmentofsocialcapital.Howeverwhiledefiningcivilsocietyasdistinctthesescholarshave

8、alsoarguedstronglythatversa)thiswillindicateaboundarythatislessrigid.Proposition2:Anattitudinalboundaryexistsbetweencivicpoliticalengagement.Aclearboundarybetweencivicpoliticalactivitieswillbereflectedintheextenttowhicha

9、ctivistsexperiencedifferentrewardsfrustrationsfromparticipatingineachrealm.Alsoaclearboundarywillbereflectedintheextenttowhichparticipantsineachrealmviewparticipationintheotherrealminanegativelight.Proposition3:Amotivati

10、onalboundaryexistsbetweencivicpoliticalparticipation.Aclear:boundarybetweenthecivicpoliticalrealmwillbereflectedinsomewhatdifferentmotivationsfactivityineachrealm.Proposition4:Theskillsattitudesacquiredthroughcivicpartic

11、ipationwillbesomewhatdifferentthanthoseacquiredthroughpoliticalparticipation.Proposition5:Anattitudinalboundaryexistsbetweenactivepoliticalcivicparticipantsthosewhodonotparticipateincommunityaffairs.MethodsIndepthinperso

12、ninterviewsutilizingopenendedquestionswereconductedwith40individualswhoareactiveinvariousaspectsofcommunitylifeinthemetroarea.Theinterviewersmadeaneffttoelicitthemostdetailedcompleteanswerspossiblefromeachsubject.Intervi

13、ewsrangedinlengthfrom45to90minutesdependingontheextenttowhichthesubjectschosetoelabate.Whiletheinterviewswerestructuredtoexplethepropositionslistedabovethequestionsallowedthesubjectmaximumfreedomtoarticulateherhisownunde

14、rstingofthecivicpoliticalrealms.Alsotheinterviewsweredesignedtoprovidemultipleopptunitiesfsubjectstoreflectontheirinvolvementfromdifferentangles.Inthecaseofcivicparticipationsubjectswereaskedbothabouttheirmostimptantgani

15、zationalinvolvementsabouttheirinvolvementinspecificprojectsftheganizationsinwhichtheyareactive.Inthecaseofpoliticalparticipationsubjectswereaskedaboutbothissueientedelectallyientedpoliticalinvolvement.SampleInthisstudyac