外文翻譯資料--外國(guó)資本流入和福利經(jīng)濟(jì)的不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

1、<p>　　河南科技學(xué)院新科學(xué)院</p><p>　　2013屆本科畢業(yè)生論文（設(shè)計(jì)）</p><p><b>　　英文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯</b></p><p>　　Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition </p>

2、<p>　　學(xué)生姓名： 王艷杰 </p><p>　　所在院系： 經(jīng)濟(jì)系 </p><p>　　所學(xué)專業(yè)： 國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易 </p><p>　　導(dǎo)師姓名： 侯黎杰 </p><p>　　完成時(shí)間： 2013年4月15日 </p>

3、<p>　　Foreign capital inflows and welfare in an economy with imperfect competition </p><p>　　Abstract:This paper examines the resource allocational and welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign

4、capital in a general-equilibrium model with oligopolistic competition and unemployment. Although the welfare impact for the short run is ambiguous and dependent upon the strength of excess profits and scale economies r

5、elative to unemployment in manufacturing, in the long run additional inflows of foreign capital always improve national welfare with capital mobility. Hence, attracting for</p><p>　　Keywords: International

6、 capital mobility; Imperfect competition; Welfare</p><p>　　1.Introduction </p><p>　　The welfare effects of exogenous inflows of foreign capital in the presence of trade restrictions have bee

7、n extensively studied. Brecher and Diaz Alejandro (1977) show that when imports are subject to tariffs, an introduction of foreign capital inflows accentuates the tariff distortion and hence reduces national welfare if t

8、he import-competing sector is relatively capital-intensive. In contrast, Dei (1985) shows that when imports are restricted by quotas,foreign capital inflows in the presence o</p><p>　　Noteworthy is that the

9、models used by these authors are all based upon the premise of perfect competition along with constant returns-to-scale technology. Although perfect competition serves as a useful assumption in crystallizing theoretical

10、insights, it nevertheless fails to depict many of the real-world phenomena. The real-world economy is characterized, to a large extent, by imperfect competition and economies of scale. The policy implications of imperfec

11、t competition and economies of scale </p><p>　　Krueger (1984) in her survey points out that though market imperfections exist in developed nations, the imperfections are far more serious and pervasive in de

12、veloping countries. Rodrik (1981), in an illuminating paper, reports that most developing nations have very high four-firm concentration ratios. He finds that a developing economy is typically characterized by (1) restr

13、icted entry in manufacturing partly because of the absence of serious antitrust policies;(2) high protection of the man</p><p>　　The purpose of the present paper is to develop a model to incorporate these k

14、ey features of imperfect competition characterizing a developing economy. In addition to the above-mentioned features as noted by Rodrik, we also introduce in our framework sector-specific unemployment frequently observe

15、d in a developing nation. The model will then be utilized to examine the welfare implications of foreign capital inflows. It will be shown that foreign capital inflows in the presence of a given quota ma</p><p

16、>　　We construct a general-equilibrium model to capture the key salient features of imperfect competition for developing economies in Section 2. The resource-alloc- ational effects of foreign capital inflows in the pre

17、sence of quantitative restrictions are examined in Section 3. The welfare impact of foreign capital inflows is discussed in Section 4. Section5 presents concluding remarks. </p><p>　　2. Concluding remarks &l

18、t;/p><p>　　This paper has examined the effects of inflows of foreign capital on home resource allocation and welfare in a general-equilibrium framework. The home country is characterized by oligopolistic compet

19、ition, scale economies, and regional unemployment. Although the welfare effect of foreign capital for the short run is somewhat indeterminate and is dependent on the magnitude of the effects of excess profits and scale e

20、conomies (relative to the unemployment effect in manufacturing), the inflows of </p><p>　　Our results, which stand in sharp contrast to those derived in the presence of tariffs (Beecher and Dial Alejandro,

21、1977), lend support to the finding of Deｉ (1985). Dei’s key result is generalized to economies with imperfect competition in the short run and imperfect competition, along with regional unemployment, in the long run. <

22、;/p><p>　　The use of quasi linear preferences in this paper serves to focus on the price effect by suppressing the income effects on the demand for goods. It may be noted that when the income effects are prese

23、nted in the model via more general preferences, the demand for goods would be further raised in the case of inter sectoral mobility of capital. Hence, foreign capital inflows would be more welfare-improving in the long r

24、un. </p><p>　　Bakra, R.N. and N. Naevi, 1987, Urban unemployment and the gains from trade, Economic 54, 381-3Y6. </p><p>　　Bela di, H., 1988, Variable returns to scale, urban unemployment and w

25、elfare, Southern Economic Journal 55, 412-423. </p><p>　　Brander, J.A. and B.J. Spencer, 1985, Export subsidies and international market share rivalry, Journal of International Economics 18, X3-100. </p

26、><p>　　Beecher, R.A. And C.F.Dial Alejandro 1977,Tariffs,foreign capital and immiserizing growth, Journal</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　外國(guó)資本流入和福利經(jīng)濟(jì)的不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)</p><p>

27、;　　摘要：本文探討了在寡頭競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和失業(yè)的一般均衡模型下，資源配置和外國(guó)資本流入的福利效益。雖然福利影響短期內(nèi)是不確定的，而且它依賴于超額利潤(rùn)的強(qiáng)度并取決于制造業(yè)中失業(yè)人數(shù)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，額外的資本流入總是能提高國(guó)民福利與資本流動(dòng)。因此，吸引外資對(duì)于具有不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)和區(qū)域失業(yè)特點(diǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)忍讓是一個(gè)良好的政策。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞： 國(guó)際資本流動(dòng)； 不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；福利</p><

28、;p><b>　　1、引言</b></p><p>　　在貿(mào)易限制領(lǐng)域，外國(guó)資本流入的福利效應(yīng)已經(jīng)被廣泛研究。布雷赫爾和迪亞茲﹒亞歷杭德羅（1977）表明，當(dāng)進(jìn)口受制于關(guān)稅，外國(guó)資本流的引進(jìn)加劇了關(guān)稅失真，因此若果進(jìn)口競(jìng)爭(zhēng)部門(mén)是相對(duì)的資本密集型企業(yè)就會(huì)降低減少國(guó)家福利。相反，DEI（1985）表明，當(dāng)進(jìn)口受配額限制，外商獨(dú)資領(lǐng)域的外國(guó)資本流入總是能通過(guò)壓低租金來(lái)改善福利，因此也降低了給

29、現(xiàn)有的外商獨(dú)資資本的支付。最近，通過(guò)使用一個(gè)關(guān)稅和配額的共同框架，尼爾瑞（1981）獲得了更多外國(guó)資本的流入的一般結(jié)論；流入資本的這種福利效應(yīng)很大程度上取決于外商獨(dú)資資本最初在本國(guó)的福利效應(yīng)。此外，柯汗（1982）和格里諾爾斯（1991）探討了外國(guó)資本流入對(duì)一個(gè)廣義的在關(guān)稅保護(hù)下的哈里斯——托達(dá)羅經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。柯汗發(fā)現(xiàn)布雷赫爾和迪亞茲﹒亞歷杭德羅的結(jié)果即使在失業(yè)存在的情況下仍然是有效的，而格里諾爾斯認(rèn)為，增加外國(guó)資本必須不損害福利，如果勞

30、動(dòng)力的機(jī)會(huì)成本足夠低。</p><p>　　值得注意的是，這些作者所使用的模型都是基于完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與規(guī)模報(bào)酬不變的前提。盡管完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是具體的理論見(jiàn)解中的一個(gè)有用假設(shè)，但它無(wú)法描繪現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的許多現(xiàn)象。真實(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn)，在很大程度上，是不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)。對(duì)不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的政策含義已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在最近的文獻(xiàn)研究（見(jiàn)，例如，Brander和Spencer（1985）），主要是用來(lái)處理發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)體。</p>&

31、lt;p>　　克魯格（1984）在她的調(diào)查種指出，盡管在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家存在市場(chǎng)缺陷，但這種缺陷在發(fā)展中國(guó)家更為嚴(yán)重和普遍。洛迪克（1981），在一篇啟蒙論文中，報(bào)告說(shuō)大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國(guó)家都有很高的四企業(yè)集中率。他認(rèn)為，發(fā)展型經(jīng)濟(jì)體的典型特征是（1）限制制造業(yè)企業(yè)的進(jìn)入部分原因是由于嚴(yán)重的反壟斷政策的缺失；（2）通過(guò)配額而不是關(guān)稅來(lái)加強(qiáng)制造業(yè)的保護(hù)；（3）不完善的國(guó)內(nèi)資本市場(chǎng)，因此，部門(mén)間的資本流動(dòng)緩慢。</p><p&g

32、t;　　本文的目的是建立一個(gè)模型，把這些表征發(fā)展型經(jīng)濟(jì)的不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)特點(diǎn)融合在一起。除了上述洛迪克提出的特點(diǎn)，我們也將在我們的框架中介紹在發(fā)展中國(guó)家觀察到的特定行業(yè)的經(jīng)常性失業(yè)。該模型然后會(huì)被用來(lái)研究外國(guó)資本流入的福利效益。它將表明，從短期來(lái)看，在一個(gè)給定配額的情況下特定行業(yè)的資本流入可能有損于福利；但是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，資本流入必然改善部門(mén)之間的資本流動(dòng)。由于完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是是本文中的不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的一種極限情況，DEI的關(guān)于改善福利的外資的研究結(jié)果可

33、以被看做是目前分析情況下的一個(gè)特殊案例。</p><p>　　在第二部分我們構(gòu)建了一個(gè)一般均衡模型來(lái)捕獲發(fā)展型經(jīng)濟(jì)體關(guān)于不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的顯著特征。第三節(jié)討論了在數(shù)量限制情況下外國(guó)資本流入的資源配置效益。外國(guó)資本的流入對(duì)福利的影響在4節(jié)討論。第五節(jié)提出結(jié)論性意見(jiàn)。</p><p><b>　　2、結(jié)束語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　本文在一般均衡框架

34、考察外國(guó)資本流入對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)資源的分配和福利的影響。本國(guó)的特點(diǎn)是寡頭競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)，以及地區(qū)性失業(yè)。雖然從短期來(lái)看外國(guó)資本流入的福利效益是不確定的，依賴于超額利潤(rùn)的影響和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的效益（相對(duì)于制造業(yè)中的失業(yè)效應(yīng)），從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，外國(guó)資本流入總是能改善這種經(jīng)濟(jì)體資本流動(dòng)的福利。</p><p>　　我們的研究結(jié)果，和那些起源于關(guān)稅存在的觀點(diǎn)形成鮮明對(duì)比（布雷赫爾和迪亞茲Alejandro，1977），支持ＤＥＥ的發(fā)現(xiàn)（19

35、85）。DEI的關(guān)鍵結(jié)果短期內(nèi)伴隨著不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的廣義經(jīng)濟(jì)，長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看伴隨著區(qū)域失業(yè)。</p><p>　　在本文中，準(zhǔn)線性偏好的使用致力于通過(guò)抑制商品需求的收入效應(yīng)而獲得的價(jià)格效益?？梢灾赋龅氖牵?dāng)收入效益在模型中被通過(guò)更一般的喜好而展現(xiàn)出來(lái)，在跨部門(mén)資本流動(dòng)情況下，商品需求將被更進(jìn)一步的提高。因此，外國(guó)資本流入將更多的從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)改善福利。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)<

36、;/b></p><p>　　[1]巴特拉，注冊(cè)護(hù)士和N.納克維，1999，城市失業(yè)和貿(mào)易，經(jīng)濟(jì)54的收益，381-3y6。</p><p>　　[2]Beladi，H.，1988，規(guī)模報(bào)酬可變，城市失業(yè)和福利，南方經(jīng)濟(jì)雜志55，412-423。</p><p>　　[3]布蘭德，J.A.，B.J.斯賓塞，2003，出口補(bǔ)貼和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)份額的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)雜志