外文翻譯--第三方物流在中國(guó)仍是一個(gè)棘手問題

1、<p>　　中文1700漢字，910單詞，5100英文字符</p><p><b>　　外文翻譯 </b></p><p>　　Third-Party Logistics in China: Still a Tough Market</p><p>　　Material Source: Mercer on travel an

2、d transport</p><p>　　Author: Diana Huang and Mark Kadar</p><p>　　Mercer recently completed a survey of the third-party logistics (3PL) market in China, in conjunction with the China Federation o

3、f Logistics and Purchasing .The study included interviews with a wide range of both shippers and providers serving the Chinese market, as well as detailed research into the overall characteristics and trends influencing

4、the growth of transportation and logistics services in China. </p><p>　　The primary finding of the study was that the third-party logistics market in China is finally off to a fast start, driven by the openi

5、ng up of the market to foreign firms and government commitment to growing China’s share of the world economy. However, Mercer’s study indicates that there is still a bumpy ride ahead for providers of logistics services i

6、n this market, given a range of challenges from both the supply and demand side. Most shippers in China are still relatively unsophisticated in t</p><p>　　A Growth Market for Logistics </p><p>　

7、　The size of the potential market for such services in China is mind-boggling , given that the country has a population of 1.3 billion and a GDP of US$1.1 trillion. Transportation and logistics expenditures were $230 bil

8、lion in 2001, or approximately 20 percent of GDP. Although outsourcing accounts for only $4.7 billion, or less than five percent, of this figure, the market for such services is still in its early stages of development.

9、</p><p>　　Compared to overall logistics services, which are growing by about 7.5 percent annually, outsourced logistics services in China are reported to be growing by 25 percent per year, leading both North

10、 America (10-15 percent annual 3PL growth) and the rest of the world (5-10 percent). In fact, several of the most promising providers in the Chinese market say that they have experienced annual doubling of revenues in th

11、e past couple of years. Shippers that Mercer surveyed said that while only about 22</p><p>　　Key factors that are expected to stimulate the growth of outsourcing include the increasing activity of multinatio

12、nal corporations in China, as well as overall pressure to reduce the to-market cost of goods, both domestically and for export. Governmental interest in the development of China’s logistics infrastructure is also promisi

13、ng: Establishing national logistics centers and large-scale logistics enterprises is part of the next five-year plan, and key government ministries have publicly call</p><p>　　China’s entry into the World Tr

14、ade Organization (WTO) is also a critical factor, as it committed the country to greater liberalization in domestic logistics, including allowing foreign companies to operate wholly owned logistics units by December 2004

15、。 </p><p>　　Drivers of (and Barriers to) Demand for 3PL Services </p><p>　　Nearly a third of all shippers interviewed by Mercer cited pressure to reduce logistics costs as a key challenge, and t

16、his is the top reason given for outsourcing logistics: As one director of white goods manufacturing noted， “competition is fierce, and margins are decreasing, so we are looking to external logistics providers to reduce o

17、ur logistics costs in order to maintain profitability.”O(jiān)ther logistics challenges cited by shippers-depending on industry-include the need to shorten cycle time,</p><p>　　Most demand for 3PL services in Chin

18、a currently comes from multinational </p><p>　　Corporations. Although over 88 percent of the shippers surveyed outsource their direct transportation needs, only about 48 percent outsource logistics services.

19、 There is also significant difference in out outsourcing behavior between Chinese companies and multinationals; while 70 percent of multinationals outsource their logistics services, only 16 percent of Chinese shippers d

20、o so. By industry, IT & telecommunications, consumer electronics, and automotive show higher rates of logistics outsourc</p><p>　　Multinational manufacturers and importers active in China are more likely

21、 to outsource logistics because they have sophisticated logistics needs and experience with high-quality subcontractors in other countries. </p><p>　　The light-asset nature of many importers also means that

22、they must rely more heavily on 3PL providers. In contrast, traditional state-owned enterprises (SOE's) are the least likely to use 3PL service， they have the in-house assets and people to handle logistics. They also

23、lack experience in managing external vendors and can be slow to realize the benefits of outsourcing. Cracking the SOE market will likely be difficult, and could prove to be a critical barrier to the growth of outsourcing

24、, given</p><p><b>　　譯文 </b></p><p>　　第三方物流在中國(guó)仍是一個(gè)棘手問題</p><p>　　資料來源:美世公司的商業(yè)路徑和運(yùn)輸</p><p>　　作者:Diana黃和馬克卡達(dá)爾</p><p>　　最近，美世公司聯(lián)合中國(guó)物流與采購聯(lián)合會(huì)對(duì)中國(guó)的第三方物流

25、市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究。這個(gè)研究包括了采訪中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的很多承運(yùn)商和供應(yīng)商，以及對(duì)影響運(yùn)輸和物流發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)和趨勢(shì)的全面、詳細(xì)研究。</p><p>　　該研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)的是，中國(guó)的第三方物流市場(chǎng)有了一個(gè)快速啟動(dòng)的勢(shì)頭，主要是得益于對(duì)國(guó)外企業(yè)的市場(chǎng)開放和政府承諾提高中國(guó)在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中的份額。不過，美世的研究表明，這對(duì)市場(chǎng)中的第三方物流服務(wù)提供商來說這仍是很坎坷的，主要是來自供應(yīng)方和需求方的挑戰(zhàn)。對(duì)中國(guó)的大部分承運(yùn)商來說他

26、們提供的物流服務(wù)是很簡(jiǎn)單的，即使越來越多的跨國(guó)公司正在加強(qiáng)對(duì)高端服務(wù)的要求。在供應(yīng)方面，第三方物流市場(chǎng)高度分散，甚至最大的供應(yīng)商也不到百分之二的市場(chǎng)份額，特別是正在尋找著生存機(jī)會(huì)的外國(guó)第三物流將面臨重大的障礙。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看來，無論是市場(chǎng)還是政治勢(shì)力都有可能改變供應(yīng)商的前景，建立新的工業(yè)水平，增加更多、更高附加值的物流服務(wù)需求。</p><p><b>　　物流市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展</b></p>

27、;<p>　　在中國(guó)這樣的服務(wù)行業(yè)的潛在市場(chǎng)令人難以相信的。利用了像那樣的市場(chǎng)，美國(guó)發(fā)展成為了一個(gè)擁有1.3億人口，國(guó)內(nèi)總產(chǎn)值是1.1萬億美元的國(guó)家。2001年，運(yùn)輸和物流支出額是2300億美元，也可以這樣說，達(dá)到國(guó)家總產(chǎn)值的百分之二十。盡管國(guó)外采購零配件的總數(shù)僅僅只有47億美元，都不到綜述的百分之五。這樣的服務(wù)市場(chǎng)仍然處在初級(jí)發(fā)展階段。</p><p>　　比較于正在以每年約7.5%的速度增長(zhǎng)的整

28、體的物流服務(wù)業(yè)來講，據(jù)說在中國(guó)提供的物流服務(wù)業(yè)正在以每年百分之二十五的速度增長(zhǎng)，領(lǐng)先于北美(每年5%-10%的第三物流增長(zhǎng))，和世界的其他地方(5%-10%的增長(zhǎng))。事實(shí)上，在中國(guó)市場(chǎng)上，一些最具有前瞻性的商家就說，在過去幾年里，他們的收入每年增加兩倍。美世調(diào)查的船商說只要百分之二十二的物流支出被花在今天的第三方物流上。他們期望外包服務(wù)能夠在三五年里達(dá)到總支出的百分之五十或者百分之六十。然而，這很明顯，雖然市場(chǎng)還有著巨大的增長(zhǎng)潛力，但是

29、美世研究所揭示的挑戰(zhàn)表明發(fā)展這個(gè)潛力將是非常困難，而且還要花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間。</p><p>　　那些一直被期望來刺激外包增長(zhǎng)的重要因素包括在中國(guó)的跨國(guó)公司的日益增長(zhǎng)的活力，還有減少那些供應(yīng)國(guó)內(nèi)需求和供出口的商品成本所帶來的壓力。中國(guó)政府建設(shè)中國(guó)物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是很有希望的:建立全國(guó)性物流中心和大型物流企業(yè)是下一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃的一部分，有關(guān)政府部門已公開呼吁，鼓勵(lì)國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)發(fā)展同第三方物物流企業(yè)伙伴關(guān)系，給他們提供一個(gè)更大的供

30、應(yīng)比例，來滿足他們的物流需要，還有就是減少阻礙外國(guó)第三方物流公司進(jìn)入中國(guó)市場(chǎng)的法律法規(guī)限制。</p><p>　　中國(guó)進(jìn)入世貿(mào)組織也是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的因素，它致力于讓每一個(gè)國(guó)際在國(guó)內(nèi)物流方面得到更大的自由，包括在2004年12月以后允許國(guó)外企業(yè)在中國(guó)自主經(jīng)營(yíng)物流公司。</p><p>　　第三方物流服務(wù)的動(dòng)力與障礙</p><p>　　幾乎三分之一受美世采訪的托運(yùn)人都把降

31、低五六年成本當(dāng)成一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的挑戰(zhàn)因素，并且這是外包物流的最主要的原因。就如一個(gè)白色家電的生產(chǎn)總監(jiān)指出，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)很激烈，利潤(rùn)也在降低，所以為了為是利潤(rùn)我們正在尋找一個(gè)物流提供商來降低我們的物流成本。托運(yùn)人指出的其他物流挑戰(zhàn)--在行業(yè)務(wù)基礎(chǔ)上--包括縮短周期時(shí)間，降低庫存水平以及改善服務(wù)或可靠性。</p><p>　　目前中國(guó)的大多數(shù)的第三方物流服務(wù)的需求是來自于跨國(guó)公司。雖然超過88%受訪托運(yùn)人外包了他們的直接運(yùn)輸需要，

32、但是只有大約48%的受訪者把物流服務(wù)外包出去。中國(guó)公司和跨國(guó)公司的第三方物流行為也有著明顯的不同;70%的跨國(guó)公司外包出了他們的物流服務(wù)，然而只有16%的中國(guó)托運(yùn)人這樣做。按行業(yè)劃分，資訊科技，消費(fèi)電子和汽車這幾個(gè)行業(yè)的物流外包比率都比較高，但是與服裝和餐飲公司來比，還是要低于他們的平均水平。在中國(guó)的跨國(guó)制造商和進(jìn)口商更加傾向于第三方物流，因?yàn)樗麄兣c別國(guó)的高水準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)包商有高要求的物流需求和物流合作。許多進(jìn)口商的輕資產(chǎn)的特性意味著他們必須要