外文翻譯--智能競賽搶答器

1、<p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　智能競賽搶答器</b></p><p><b>　　1.介紹</b></p><p>　　無線電發(fā)射設(shè)備都工作在無線電頻率，因此對設(shè)備的要求較高，一般都是在非常困難的生產(chǎn)和檢驗工作的條件下完成的，而目前的無線技術(shù)的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，特別是對于無線電愛

2、好者多項業(yè)務(wù)來說，為了使所有的高頻檢測設(shè)備達到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)幾乎是不現(xiàn)實的，因為設(shè)備非常昂貴。針對這些實際情況，有許多專業(yè)生產(chǎn)無線數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)臒o線收發(fā)模塊，專業(yè)的完成了所有高頻部分的生產(chǎn)和調(diào)試工作，用戶只需提供電源和要發(fā)送的編碼數(shù)據(jù)，接收器可以輸出的數(shù)據(jù)要以發(fā)送的原始數(shù)據(jù)為目的，也可以作為無線電技術(shù)的應(yīng)用推廣。從應(yīng)用的角度來看目前的無線收發(fā)模塊，可分為兩大類： AM和FM收發(fā)器模塊和收發(fā)器模塊。在無線廣播，電視，通信，遙控，遙測和其他設(shè)備或系統(tǒng)中，

3、除了使用調(diào)幅（AM ） ，還廣泛用于頻率調(diào)制（FM）。</p><p>　　調(diào)制的以下兩個主要性能比較：</p><p><b>　　抗干擾能力</b></p><p>　　調(diào)頻的主要優(yōu)點是其具有強大的抗干擾性能。所謂的抗干擾性，主要是指輸入信號的噪聲比在相同條件下（信噪比簡稱S / N）比其他的設(shè)備要低 。電源頻率分量的調(diào)頻波與載體分離出來的

4、力量相差不大。 MFM調(diào)制系數(shù)越大，不僅它的邊緣系數(shù)更加頻繁，而且增加的速度越快，這意味著在電力載波頻率為動力的情況下，AM頻率波功率越大，則邊緣系數(shù)越大。而最大運營商唯一動力相當(dāng)于一半（當(dāng)調(diào)制指數(shù)MAM = 1時）。因此，對比AM和FM波可具有側(cè)功率更大的頻率，這意味著它能夠更好地克服內(nèi)置的信道和噪聲帶來的干擾。其次，可以從調(diào)解和分析之間的比較接收信號。 AM信號作為所述信息的結(jié)果已被列入調(diào)幅信號的幅度（振幅調(diào)制信號和振幅成正比）。包

5、絡(luò)檢測器的呼叫（也稱為幅度解調(diào)）溶液不能抑制寄生調(diào)幅干擾以及信息對包含在高頻振蕩的FM信號的干擾，因此用引起的寄生限幅器（或在增加頻率鑒別器的比例有限的作用）來除去干擾。因此，無論從所接收的信號功率還是解調(diào)器的分析發(fā)射頻率信號的余量，都能說明調(diào)頻系統(tǒng)比調(diào)幅系統(tǒng)的抗干擾性能更好。</p><p><b>　　占用帶寬</b></p><p>　　因為調(diào)頻系統(tǒng)作為寬帶頻率

6、占用帶寬的結(jié)果，所以調(diào)頻只適合通過FM頻帶（30Hz的-30GHz的）來使用。對于中，長波頻段（MW:1000-100M，長波10-1公里），則需要使用AM或SSB調(diào)制的。</p><p><b>　　轉(zhuǎn)換能力</b></p><p>　　通過用調(diào)制信號為調(diào)頻波，其平均功率等于最大功率瞬時FM載波頻率的變化值，F(xiàn)M發(fā)射系統(tǒng);和AM發(fā)射機系統(tǒng)是利用AM信號來啟動的，此時

7、MAM= 1的最大發(fā)射功率等于平均功率（載波功率）的4倍。如果AM發(fā)射器和FM發(fā)射器處引入的相同類型的電源管的結(jié)束時，根據(jù)最大功率估計，該FM發(fā)射器發(fā)射功率調(diào)幅發(fā)射機將需要焙燒4倍的平均功率。</p><p>　　4.調(diào)幅發(fā)射機功率放大器要求嚴(yán)格</p><p>　　發(fā)射波的振幅是變化的，這就需要將變焦的反向控制一個更高的電壓，需要采用管的更高的擊穿電壓，就能容易地刺穿管的振幅調(diào)制信號。因

8、為FM發(fā)射器是在該幅度，所以不易被刺穿。</p><p><b>　　生產(chǎn)成本比較</b></p><p>　　FM系列生產(chǎn)的測試設(shè)備是一個復(fù)雜的過程，所以需要測試配備綜參議，因為屏蔽室生產(chǎn)的檢測設(shè)備相當(dāng)昂貴，所以檢測設(shè)備直接決定了性能的穩(wěn)定性，除此之外還需要專業(yè)技能符合需求的工人。 AM的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備相比較容易的多，因此該閾值用于生產(chǎn)調(diào)頻產(chǎn)品是比生產(chǎn)調(diào)幅產(chǎn)品要高得多，因

9、此，處于上述的原因產(chǎn)生了一倍以上的成本之間的差額。調(diào)幅收發(fā)組件，雖然它的成本較高，但是產(chǎn)生了更多的方便，所以在當(dāng)前廣泛使用的形式之下是性價比不太高的，使用這種模式，本文還重點推出這個模塊—無線發(fā)射模塊 。DF數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)射頻率為315M ，采用SAW諧振器的穩(wěn)定頻率，具有高頻率的穩(wěn)定性，在-25 ? 85度之間變化，僅僅為3ppm / °的頻率漂移，在這之間的環(huán)境溫度下特別適用于多個無線重新集合mote的控制和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸系統(tǒng)。表示濾波

10、的晶體諧振器的頻率穩(wěn)定度，而一般的LC振蕩器的頻率穩(wěn)定度和一致性較差，即使再高品質(zhì)的微調(diào)電容，在溫度變化和振動已被轉(zhuǎn)移的情況之下，它也很難保證將產(chǎn)生良好的頻率點遷移。DF不具有代碼以啟動模塊的集成電路，所以增加了一個數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)制三極管Q1 ，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以很容易制成，由其它固定編碼電路，滾動碼和單片機接口電路組成，而</p><p>　　超級可再生選擇接收器</p><p>　　超級可再生檢波電

11、路實際上是一個由高頻振蕩器構(gòu)成，采用電容三點式振蕩器，振蕩頻率和火線的發(fā)射頻率的高頻振蕩器間歇振蕩控制的電路。而間歇振蕩是在通過的過程中，這反過來又控制著高頻振蕩器和間歇振蕩產(chǎn)生高頻振蕩的振蕩。間歇振蕩頻率由電路（通常一百到幾百千赫）的參數(shù)確定。選用的低頻，并且該電路具有更好的抗干擾性能，但是的接收靈敏度較低，與此相反，選用高頻時，有較好的接收靈敏度，但抗干擾性能變差。再生檢測電路具有高增益，沒有控制信號的接收，由于從熱電路本身之外的干

12、擾和干擾的雜散信號，產(chǎn)生一種獨特的噪聲，稱為超噪聲，噪聲的頻率范圍為0.3 ? 5kHz的，聲音之間像水般的“耳語”的聲音。在沒有信號的，超高層的噪音時，通過濾波器的輸出噪聲電壓放大，當(dāng)控制信號到達時，電路諧振，超噪聲被抑制，開始生產(chǎn)高頻振蕩器振蕩，輸出信號。高層次的電路元件可再生相關(guān)的檢測器電路，通過縮放級別來處理運算放大器的輸出信號輸出到無線接收器來檢測信號。</p><p>　　超外差接收機解調(diào)接收器<

13、;/p><p>　　超外差接收機電路和超外差收音機具有相同的工作原理。接收到的信號將被放大，并產(chǎn)生遞減的本地振蕩信號的振幅，產(chǎn)生一個固定頻率的中頻信號，該中頻信號中包含的低頻幅度調(diào)制控制信號提供給中頻信號，以此得到兩個或三個級放大，檢波然后，包含取出的指令將在正確的遠(yuǎn)程控制信號之下轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榈皖l信息或中頻信號。由于中頻放大器具有自動增益控制環(huán)路，因此可以設(shè)計出非常高性能的增益和調(diào)節(jié)工作電路，使兩者超外差接收器的信號增強或

14、減弱，能做到基本相同的放大倍數(shù)，而且還因為使用了IF放大器的，其信號可以達到一個大的放大率，它會使電路接收機的靈敏度大大提高，通常為至多約度0.1mV ，并且檢測器電路超級再生相比超外差接收器模塊接收器的靈敏度上，或選擇性方面有很大的提高或減除更多的干擾。</p><p>　　附件2：外文原文（復(fù)印件）</p><p>　　Intellectual Competition Quiz Mac

15、hine</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　Radio transmitter devices are working in the radio frequency, so the requirements of the device is higher, the general time it is very difficult to complete u

16、nder the conditions of production and testing work, and at present the application of radio technology for more and more widely, especially for radio enthusiasts to a number of business that, in order to have all the hig

17、h-frequency testing equipment is almost unrealistic, because the equipment is very expensive. In response to these actual </p><p>　　In the wireless radio, television, communications, remote control, telemetr

18、y and other devices or systems, in addition to the use of amplitude modulation (AM), but also widely used in frequency modulation ( FM). The following two main properties of modulation compared：</p><p>　　Ant

19、i-interference capacity</p><p>　　The main advantage of FM is its strong anti-interference performance. The so-called anti-interference, and mainly refers to the input signal-noise ratio (SNR referred to as S

20、 / N) under the same conditions, the FM receiver output signal to noise ratio large AM receiver in the output signal to noise ratio. FM than AM and strong anti-interference system can be two reasons for the launch signal

21、 power system size for analysis. FM wave edge of the power frequency component is separated from the carri</p><p>　　Occupied bandwidth</p><p>　　FM systems as a result of broadband frequency occu

22、pied bandwidth, FM is only suitable for over FM band (30Hz-30GHz) use. For the medium and long-wave band (MW:1000-100m, long-wave 10-1 km), while the use of AM or SSB Modulation.</p><p>　　Transmitter power&l

23、t;/p><p>　　FM transmitter system launched by the instantaneous FM carrier frequency changes with the modulation signal for the FM wave-wave, and its average power equal to the maximum power; and AM transmitter

24、system is the AM signal to launch, when the MAM = 1 when the largest transmission power equal to average power (carrier power) 4 times. If the AM transmitter and FM transmitter at the end of the introduction of the same

25、type of power tubes, according to the maximum power is estimated that the FM tran</p><p>　　4. AM transmitter power amplifier for the demanding pipe</p><p>　　Launched wave amplitude is the amplit

26、ude modulation signal with the change, which the reverse of the zoom control a higher voltage, should adopt a higher breakdown voltage of the tube, or easily puncture the tube. And FM transmitter is the amplitude in the

27、state, the tube can not easily be puncture.</p><p>　　5. Comparison of production costs</p><p>　　FM series production of its testing device is a complex process, so the need for testing is equipp

28、ed with fully mechanized Senate, shielding room of the production of expensive testing equipment, testing equipment directly determine the stability of performance, but also the needs of professional skilled workers. AM

29、production devices are relatively easy to many, so the threshold for the production of FM products is much higher than the production of AM products, therefore the difference between</p><p>　　Wireless Transm

30、itter Module</p><p>　　DF data transmitter frequency for 315M, the use of SAW resonator frequency stabilization, high frequency stability, when the environmental temperature between -25 ~ +85 degree changes,

31、the frequency drift of only 3ppm / °c Particularly suitable for a collection of multiple wireless re mote control and data transmission system. SAW resonator frequency stability after the crystal, and general LC osc

32、illator frequency stability and consistency of poor, even with high-quality fine-tuning capacitance,</p><p>　　DF does not have code to launch module integrated circuits, and an increase of a data modulation

33、transistor Q1, such a structure can be easily made it, and other fixed coding circuit, a rolling code and single-chip interface circuits, without having to consider the work of coding circuit voltage and output value of

34、the size range of the signal. For example, using PT2262 or SM5262 matching circuits, such as coding, the data directly to the output of their first 17 feet then to DF data input modul</p><p>　　DF data module

35、 has a wide operating voltage range 3 ~ 12V, when the voltage changes in firing frequency is essentially the same, and the transmitter module of the receiver module supporting the need for any adjustment will be able to

36、receive stable. When the firing voltage of 3V, the open transmission distance to about 20 ~ 50 meters, less transmission power, when the voltage of 5V is about 100 ~ 200 meters, when the voltage of 9V is about 300 ~ 500

37、meters, when fired when the voltage of 12V for</p><p>　　DF data module using ASK modulation mode to reduce power consumption, when the data signals to stop when the emission current zero, the data signal tra

38、nsmitter and DF input resistance can be used or can not be directly connected to capacitive coupling, or DF module will not be able to launch normal work. Data DF-level data should be close to the actual operating voltag

39、e modules in order to obtain the effect of higher modulation.</p><p>　　DF preferably vertical launch modules mounted on the edge of the motherboard should be left around the device more than 5mm to the impac

40、t from the distribution of parameters. DF module transmission distance and signal frequency and amplitude modulation, firing voltage and battery capacity, transmitting antenna, receiver sensitivity, send and receive envi

41、ronment. Generally the largest launch in the open distance of about 800 meters, there are obstacles in the circumstances, the distance will be s</p><p>　　Wireless Receiver Module</p><p>　　1 supe

42、r renewable detector receiver</p><p>　　Super Renewable detector circuit is actually a by intermittent oscillation control of high-frequency oscillator, the high-frequency oscillator using three-point capacit

43、ance oscillator, oscillation frequency and the transmitter frequency of the firing line. And intermittent oscillation is the oscillation in the high-frequency oscillations generated by the process, which in turn controls

44、 the high-frequency oscillator and intermittent oscillations. And intermittent oscillation frequency is determin</p><p>　　Super heterodyne receiver demodulation receiver</p><p>　　Super heterodyn

45、e receiver circuit and the general working principle of the super heterodyne radio the same principle. Received signal will be magnified, and to generate the local oscillation signal amplitude of the subtraction, resulti

46、ng in a fixed frequency IF signal, the IF signal contains low-frequency amplitude modulation control signal to the IF signal to two or three-level amplification, detection and then to intermediate frequency signals conta