外文翻譯--plc 控制器在風(fēng)電機(jī)組中的應(yīng)用

1、<p>　　PLC Controller of Wind Turbine</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　Wind energy as an inexhaustible, clean and pollution-free renewable energy, its exploitation has been widespread attent

2、ion around the world, as one of the wind resource-rich countries, the level of China's wind power has made the rapid development . From the 20th century 70's, and network-based wind power has been gradually began

3、 to commercialize technologies become more sophisticated, increasing unit capacity, while the stall induction wind turbine wind farm has become the main model. As the ma</p><p>　　2 A fan control device</p

4、><p>　　Fan Control is the safe and reliable operation of wind turbines a key technology, control devices and the wind turbine is closely related to the remaining parts, a wind turbine to run the brain, normal a

5、nd reliable operation of the entire unit, and a reliable guarantee for optimal operation [ 1]. Fan control system structure shown in Figure 1, including central control, soft and network control system, reactive power co

6、mpensation control system and the yaw control system [2].</p><p>　　2.1 Fan Control System Hardware Design</p><p>　　Most wind turbine works in high, cold, humidity, sand and other harsh natural e

7、nvironment and strong electromagnetic interference environment, and unattended, requiring that their main controller interference capability, high reliability and the work of various operating parameters accurate measure

8、ment, control strategy are reasonable, timely and accurate processing Faults. By analyzing the requirements and characteristics of the control unit, more sequential control, the control system to handl</p><p&g

9、t;　　Wind turbine control system hardware component includes the main control cabinet (Main panel), the computer cabinet (Computer panel), capacitor cabinets (Phase compensation), at the top of control cabinet (Topbox), s

10、ensors, actuators and control cables. In the 750kW wind turbine, the tower cabin cabinet PLC module includes digital input module SM321, analog input module SM331, high-speed counting module FM350, interface module IM153

11、 (ET200 series), etc.; tower bottom PLC module control cabinet i</p><p>　　2.2 Fan Control System Design Software</p><p>　　Combining the characteristics of PLC systems, machine control system usi

12、ng the STEP7 on the preparation of fan control applications, with statements tables and ladder combination of methods to achieve the application of modular, structured programming. Is more convenient and safe for wind tu

13、rbine control, lookout turbine control functions to be achieved is divided into several relatively independent tasks, in accordance with the modular programming software programming, the main program was comp</p>

14、<p>　　Before the start of the main switch closing, wind turbine controller is now prepared to run. First, system initialization, control program initialization, check the status of micro-controller hardware and peri

15、pherals are intact, detection system parameters (temperature, hydraulic oil, pressure, wind direction, wind speed, etc.), compare the detected operating parameters, without failure, the system can formally start. Start,

16、first check the network to detect the parameters of the grid, set all c</p><p>　　3 Conclusion</p><p>　　Combination of wind power control requirements to S7 - 300-PLC module, for example, on the

17、750kW wind turbine control system was outlined to study the composition of its control system and fan control process, the paper design of PLC control systems, test Fans of the actual control and operation of wind turbin

18、e can achieve good control.</p><p>　　PLC 控制器在風(fēng)電機(jī)組中的應(yīng)用</p><p><b>　　1 引言</b></p><p>　　風(fēng)能作為一種取之不盡、清潔無污染的可再生能源,其開發(fā)利用已經(jīng)受到了世界各國的普遍重視,作為風(fēng)力資源豐富的國家之一,我國的風(fēng)力發(fā)電水平也取得了較快的發(fā)展。從20 世紀(jì)70

19、年代開始,并網(wǎng)型風(fēng)力發(fā)電己經(jīng)逐漸開始商業(yè)化,技術(shù)也日益成熟,單機(jī)容量越來越大,而失速型異步風(fēng)電機(jī)已成為國內(nèi)風(fēng)電場的主要機(jī)型。作為采集風(fēng)能的主要形式,風(fēng)電機(jī)組的控制問題研究變得越來越重要。目前,在風(fēng)電機(jī)組控制運(yùn)行上,PLC 控制已被國內(nèi)外普遍采用。在最近幾年,PLC 以其諸多特點(diǎn)獲得廣泛的使用,在工業(yè)先進(jìn)國家已成為工業(yè)控制的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。它專為工業(yè)控制而設(shè)計,集電氣、儀表、控制三電于一體,是實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電一體化的理想控制設(shè)備。PLC 采用可以編制程

20、序的存儲器,除了可以執(zhí)行邏輯運(yùn)算、順序運(yùn)算、計時、計數(shù)和算術(shù)運(yùn)算等操作的指令,還可以完成各種順序或定時的閉環(huán)控制功能。通過各類通訊接口與模塊處理,進(jìn)行數(shù)字式或模擬式的輸入和輸出,方便各級連接,體積小、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、可靠性高、穩(wěn)定性好、能在惡劣環(huán)境下長時間、不間斷運(yùn)行,且編程簡單,維護(hù)方便。本文就S7 - 300 PLC系統(tǒng)在失速型并網(wǎng)異步風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了說明。</p><p><b>　　2

21、風(fēng)機(jī)控制裝置</b></p><p>　　風(fēng)機(jī)控制是整個風(fēng)電機(jī)組安全可靠運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),控制裝置與風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的其余各部分密切相關(guān),是風(fēng)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行的大腦,是整個機(jī)組正?？煽窟\(yùn)行以及實(shí)現(xiàn)最佳運(yùn)行的可靠保證[1 ] 。風(fēng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖1 所示,主要包括中心控制器、軟并網(wǎng)控制系統(tǒng)、無功補(bǔ)償控制系統(tǒng)和偏航控制系統(tǒng)等[2 ] 。</p><p>　　2. 1 風(fēng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)

22、計</p><p>　　風(fēng)電機(jī)組大多工作于高溫、高寒、高濕、風(fēng)沙等惡劣的自然環(huán)境與強(qiáng)電磁干擾環(huán)境中,且無人值守,要求其主控制器抗干擾能力強(qiáng),工作可靠性高,各種運(yùn)行參數(shù)測量準(zhǔn)確,控制策略合理,對故障的判斷處理及時準(zhǔn)確。通過分析機(jī)組的控制要求與特點(diǎn),順序控制較多,控制系統(tǒng)需要處理的輸入輸出信號也大都是開關(guān)信號,所以選用PLC 作為主控制器可以滿足風(fēng)電機(jī)組對其控制系統(tǒng)的要求。衡量風(fēng)電機(jī)的要求需要,選擇西門子公司的S7

23、- 300 型PLC 模塊作為失速型并網(wǎng)異步風(fēng)電機(jī)組的中心控制器。　</p><p>　　風(fēng)電機(jī)組控制裝置的硬件組成主要包括主控制柜(Main panel) 、計算機(jī)柜(Computer panel) 、電容柜(Phase compensation) 、頂部控制柜(Topbox) 、傳感器、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)以及控制電纜等。在750kW風(fēng)電機(jī)組中,塔頂機(jī)艙柜中PLC 模塊主要包括數(shù)字量輸入模塊SM321、模擬量輸入模塊SM

24、331、高速記數(shù)模塊FM350、接口模塊IM153 ( ET200 系列) 等; 塔底控制柜中PLC 模塊主要包括CPU 模塊CPU - 315、數(shù)字量輸入模塊SM321、數(shù)字量輸出模塊SM322、通訊處理器CP340、電源模塊PS307 等。</p><p>　　2．2 風(fēng)機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)軟件結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計</p><p>　　結(jié)合PLC 系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn), 使用STEP7 對機(jī)組控制系統(tǒng)編寫風(fēng)機(jī)控制應(yīng)用

25、程序,采用語句表和梯形圖相結(jié)合的方法, 實(shí)現(xiàn)了應(yīng)用程序的模塊化、結(jié)構(gòu)化編程。為更加方便、安全地進(jìn)行風(fēng)電機(jī)組的控制,把風(fēng)電機(jī)組所要實(shí)現(xiàn)的控制功能分成幾個相對獨(dú)立的任務(wù),按照模塊化的軟件編程方法進(jìn)行編程,主程序主要完成風(fēng)電機(jī)組的機(jī)組啟動、軟并網(wǎng)、大小電機(jī)切換控制以及發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的功率優(yōu)化等;子程序主要包括:停機(jī)子程序、緊急停機(jī)子程序、偏航子程序、解纜子程序、齒輪油泵啟P?？刂?、液壓油泵啟P?？刂埔约褒X輪油加熱與冷卻子程序等。</p>

26、<p>　　啟動前,主開關(guān)合閘,風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組控制器準(zhǔn)備自動運(yùn)行。首先系統(tǒng)初始化,控制程序初始化、檢查微控制器硬件和外設(shè)狀態(tài)是否完好,檢測系統(tǒng)參數(shù)(溫度,液壓油,壓力,風(fēng)向,風(fēng)速等) ,比較所檢測的操作參數(shù),如果沒有故障,系統(tǒng)就可以正式起動。啟動時,首先檢查電網(wǎng),檢測電網(wǎng)的各個參數(shù)、設(shè)置各個計數(shù)器、輸出機(jī)構(gòu)初始工作狀態(tài)及晶閘管的開通角[3 ] ,之后,風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組開始自動運(yùn)行。風(fēng)輪的葉尖角由90°恢復(fù)為0°

27、;,風(fēng)輪開始轉(zhuǎn)動,計算機(jī)開始實(shí)時監(jiān)測各個參數(shù),隨著風(fēng)輪速度的提高,風(fēng)輪反饋的轉(zhuǎn)速信號作為輸入的判斷條件,送入控制器,以判斷是否可以并網(wǎng)。當(dāng)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行以后,系統(tǒng)檢測的參數(shù)用以判斷參數(shù)有否超過極限、執(zhí)行偏航、相位補(bǔ)償、安全制動。</p><p><b>　　3 結(jié)束語</b></p><p>　　結(jié)合風(fēng)力發(fā)電的控制要求,以S7 - 300 型PLC模塊為例,對750kW