外文翻譯---綠色建筑概述

1、<p>　　Green Building General State</p><p>　　The background of green building:</p><p>　　Present society the theory of sustainable development have permeated every aspect of human social deve

2、lopment, how to can promote the economic development of human society to again solve the problem of environmental protection have also become people broad is the problem of solicitude one. sustainable development ask the

3、 development of society economy must restrict in the environment and resource of the earth can bear ability in. well-known, in recent years mankind in economy develop fast at the</p><p>　　2. the environmenta

4、l problem of green building</p><p>　　It can offer the comfortable indoor environment that has safety , should at the same time have if so-called green building is not only wanted with natural environment the

5、 good building external environment of harmonious appearance.</p><p>　　Green building consider local climate, building form and use square work , facility condition , construct process, housing materials and

6、 use manage the influence for external environment, as well as comfortable, healthy internal environment, at the same time consider investment person and user , design , install , run , the interests of maintenance techn

7、ician, change speech may lasting design and good environment and is benefited should have balance between 3 user , well move mutual concern reac</p><p>　　1 The indoor environment of green buildings</p>

8、;<p>　　Green building emphasize indoor environment , because the thought of main stream of air-condition circle is want to strive for a relation of balance in between external environment, for internal environment

9、 for health , comfortable and building user produce efficiency, show the demand of difference.</p><p>　　Temperature problem </p><p>　　First hot comfortable obvious influence work efficiency. the

10、 air-condition system of tradition can maintain indoor temperature, however, in last few years study show , indoor reach absolute comfortable, cause easily " air-condition disease " problem, consume plenty of e

11、nergies just, increase freon for the damage of ozonosphere。Green building is asked besides guarantor body overall hot balance, should notice body individual position, if head and enough department are been good at for th

12、e special </p><p>　　On 2.1.2th in illumination tomorrow, sound problem( Daylighting and Voice Problem)Different indoor luminous environment directly affects working efficiency and indoor atmosphere . introdu

13、ce free from contamination in green building, smooth colour good sunlight is the part of green luminous environment as light source. but the luminous environment of comfortable health should at the same time include is e

14、asy watch , safe beautiful luminance distribution, dazzle control and intensity of illuminati</p><p>　　Air quality( Air Quality)</p><p>　　Air quality good have reflected badly satisfy people ask

15、 for environment level. usually affect air quality if air flow is not enough , person can feel not comfortable, floating error rapid can affect temperature as well as clean degree . factor include air flow ( AIR MOVEMENT

16、) , the clean level etc. of air. Therefore should according to the conditioning of difference proper new air volume, control air at the same time is also the major channel of indoor environmental improvement for the effe

17、ctiv</p><p>　　2 .2 The coordination of outdoor environment and buildings</p><p>　　The residential environment of green building creation, include artificial environment , also include natural

18、environment, . in carry out green environmental program , not only pay attention to creation landscape, at the same time pay attention to environment melt accomplish overall forestation with ecology. consider with the vi

19、ewpoint of whole melt continuously , melt naturally. may last apply , still include the around natural environment of requirement besides building , live with water effec</p><p>　　2.2.1 The region doctrine o

20、f green environment ( Bio-Rigionalizm)</p><p>　　Green building will be considered , how to be suited mutually with cultural orthodox idea, economic condition and the climate feature of site, so the partial n

21、ot separable whole that become around community. Green building is depended on as a secondary system in certain region scope natural environment, can not break away from the region of biological environment with green re

22、al estate and exist independently, . the realization of green building and the unique climate condition of each region, n</p><p>　　2.2.2 Natural ventilation</p><p>　　Naturally, ventilation uses

23、natural energy or does not rely on the traditional air-condition equipment systematic way that can still maintain suitable indoor environment.</p><p>　　Naturally, ventilation most satisfies the requirement o

24、f building forestation easily, it does not use outside non-renewable loan resource normally , and can often save the annual air-condition load of considerable quantity the purpose that reaches energy saving as well as fo

25、restation . will but ventilate fully using nature must consider building orientation, span and layout. such as south to is winter solar radiation quantity the most and summer sunshine decrease direction, and the most of

26、regio</p><p>　　Naturally, ventilation is also the important means of environmental forestation , is the outdoor air that transfer lows than room temperature and gives person the simple type air-condition of

27、a kind of energy saving of cool feeling . green environment use frequently send wind way is floor send wind warm clear air-condition way( Floor Supply HVAC System ).</p><p>　　The more the constructions that

28、 raise green building construction green building are not only wanted melt with environment with, want economic benefit more, let investment one have proper recovery.</p><p>　　In such process among, most imp

29、ortant is how to reach resource use highest efficiency. various resource efficiencies in most important is energy efficiency. energy efficiency is life period cost the more high , can save , not only raise forestation ef

30、fect, can increase the attraction of investment forestation construction more. raise energy efficiency therefore is carry out the basic condition of green building construction. the channel of efficiency Raise energy eff

31、iciency channel to include, :</p><p>　　The intension of healthy building</p><p>　　For 10 few years, western economic developed country builds material and healthy building for health, have given

32、 fairly big attention, have gotten some progresses preliminarily, . they have worked out some organic volatile matters( VOC) give off the test method of quantity, have stipulated some health build the performance standa

33、rd of material, carry out low distribution quantity sign certification beginning from some materials, with promote health build the development of material. in advocate</p><p>　　Healthy building is establish

34、ed not using high new technology building, is to use , existing establish for environment and healthy beneficial material , for city, suburb and rural each and every unit is expected and may realize , it offer a cleaning

35、 to people comfortable indoor environment, also with nature, community and entire environment appearance coordination.</p><p>　　Healthy building should be considered : use energy and resource efficiently; of

36、fer fine air the indoor environment of quality, illumination, acoustics and aesthetics property; high limit land reduce building waste material and family waste material; use existing municipal infrastructure best adopt

37、 as far as possible is helpful for the material of environment; meet way of life and the change of needs; may bear on economy.</p><p>　　The design of healthy building should include 5 aspects : live the heal

38、th of person; energy efficiency; resource efficiency; environmental responsibility; may endurance.</p><p>　　3.1 heating up, cooling and ventilating use as surrounding the reduction that protects structural&l

39、t;/p><p>　　Design hot loss , have possible development fair to heat up, ( space and water) , cool and ventilate function in one body less more compact new mechanical system. Canada install formerly in house thi

40、s kind of comprehensive mechanical system, have store up hot, hot recovery technology, year can cost decreasing 50% more than. the specific power consumption of fan great, ordinary fan efficiency low 3%, take the fan eff

41、iciency of the machine of direct current in fan highest. Can</p><p>　　3.2 May use again, can technology along with house can the reduction of demand, have possibility with use again can technology satisfy sp

42、ace and water heating needs, recent Canada establish some healthy houses already can ether sun can 100% land satisfy heating demand. pass with low radiation coat , serve as transom and improvement window type etc., windo

43、w have now become to the body of heat addition of house. the value of thermal resistance of window go to 1.4 from 0.3 raisings.</p><p>　　Active sunlight is heated up usually use roof on install sunshine coll

44、ect ware, to the rock of far place or store up tank heat addition. store up hot organization then offer heat, with heat up water or air.</p><p>　　3.3 Power consumption with design through update with advance

45、d equipment </p><p>　　House illumination and equipment needed energy may reduce 50%. own equipment( water tank, stove, washer and oven etc.) will consider price and power consumption , Europe and some equipm

46、ents of America have raised power greatly. peak specific power consumption</p><p>　　Electric usually takes electrical energy approximately use the 2 3 /( 1000 kWh/y ). pass through following measure, illumin

47、ation power consumption is easy very much reduce to 250 kWh/y ( 1) improvements of quantity always, window design uses sunlight illumination as far as possible ;( 2) distinguish whole room illumination and special illumi

48、nation( as desk lamp);( 3) use automatic hour meter with reduce smooth ware;( 4) use fluorescent lamp replace incandescent lamp, small-sized fluorescent lamp</p><p>　　4 The effect of energy saving of the eff

49、ect healthy house of energy saving is very notable , is the 28% of Ontario building regulations only such as the design hot loss of Canadian advanced house.</p><p>　　Resource benefit effective house design m

50、ay decrease , is for construction site , woods, coal and petroleum or with water relevant raw material demand, buffer for the pressure of environment. build method efficiently may reduce waste material.</p><p&

51、gt;　　A and material may reduce the demand of material through optimization building size and shape, use modulus house scheme and frame form . healthy building will not only consider building in resource use , still take

52、 into account mine , process with product handling stage on resource use condition.</p><p>　　The recycling of b construction waste material is carried out concentration is cut , is expected , improve store m

53、ethod and improvement check method, may reduce waste material, optimization resource use . the waste material of construction site may often use again or rework. Canada is implementing the recycle plan of housing materia

54、ls, have developed the recycle equipment of dry wall, paperboard, timber, plastics and pitch.</p><p>　　4.1 The health of the healthy person of person is concerned with indoor air quality and the quantity of

55、water quality as well as such as light, noise and the radiation etc. background factor of electromagnetic field.</p><p>　　4.1.1 Indoor air quality design healthy building should be complied with below princi

56、ple : </p><p>　　Reduce contaminant; remove contaminant; dilute indoor air with fresh air.</p><p>　　a Reduce contaminant: general housing materials in potential is very considerable for the cont

57、aminant of healthy disadvantage, include from wooden article , carpet, paint, sealed paste and adhesive; the organic volatile matter of family clean dose, fabric and printing ink etc.( VOC); petroleum, fungi, dust, polle

58、n, dandruff and timber( the resin of pine tree and clear etc.) and wooden article. is tense exhausted for the common reaction of these contaminants , headache and the stimulate of cross</p><p>　　Option mater

59、ial, building system and mechanical system should reduce these contaminants as far as possible.</p><p>　　b. Remove contaminant: burn coal , burn air with burn any combustion by-product of wood, must directly

60、 remove outdoor. if have high radon value, should in discharge in advance. will accomplish in pollution place discharge contaminant.</p><p>　　c. Dilute indoor air: emit into indoor air should clean as far as

61、 possible, quantity adequate, and spread evenly in house.</p><p>　　d. Measure: will adopt measure include : overflow besides heating systematic products of combustion minimum, had better heat up system with

62、low temperature; adopt porcelain and hardwood hard fit up ground, surface brick glue knot with cement; concrete do not use additive , reduce water dose and solidified dose; build material have no shell Quan or VOC conten

63、t minimum; wall with hang top use without poisonous or low toxicity paint; outdoor air quality good; input fresh air, discharge stale air; p</p><p>　　4.1.2 The quantity lake river surface water of water qual

64、ity as well as what get industry and agriculture with the fountain offal of and other places pollute , Have aroused the solicitude of people for the quality of drinking water . will adopt munic

65、ipal water as far as possible, just exclude bacterium handling without municipal water supply. have chlorination and iodine except bacterium technology melt , distillation and porcelain filter the ozone clear poison and

66、shi</p><p>　　4.1.3 Light and sound with radiate</p><p>　　( 1) Light: sunlight is beneficial to bone growth . contract have seasonal influence the patient of disease, sunlight may alleviate sympt

67、om. in sunlight go off work make may raise efficiency. may get plenty of sunlight with high function window. the most effective sunshine countermeasure is both sides set up window, may reduce dazzle just. greater buildi

68、ng may be in charge of with light or smooth well wait for new technology.</p><p>　　( 2) Noise: the noise of city some have to be sufficient high arouse trouble chirp and even lose hearing. reduce the measure

69、 of noise have : than thick surround protect structure; improve detail design with build method; leak with wear thorough position seal up ; sound absorption material and the adopting of mine cotton, glass cotton and cell

70、ulose; occur the equipment of vibration reasonable disposition etc..</p><p>　　( 3) Radiate : alternating current arouse very magnetic field and the electric field of low frequency is harmful for the health o

71、f human body. electric field and magnetic field follow distance weaken promptly, is so away from is the best protection means of electromagnetism radiation, TV watch distance is 1.22 ～ the terminal of 1.52 m, of video pr

72、esentation watch distance will leave power source for 0.9 m. beds enter house video terminal and TV or the power source of place.</p><p>　　4.2 The energy efficiency measure that raises house energy efficienc

73、y has mainly : </p><p>　　Select suitable housing materials; improve surround protect structure; improve heating, cooling gentle time control system; reduce electric and the specific power consumption etc. of

74、 equipment.</p><p>　　4.2.1 Room and the 1 of specific power consumption in material are built the production consumption of material plenty of can, reasonable option housing materials may have energy-saving

75、function greatly. </p><p>　　Keep warm a lot in building recover se the material of rework, have had on market from waste paper with the board of waste paper make insulation material and base lining; make fro

76、m useless plastics pipe and carpet; use the dry wall of regenerative board material; use the wooden article of useless timber; other many new products is developing in. material in make in specific power consumption grea

77、t, may but reduce heating specific power consumption, can compensate for 2.6 years.</p><p>　　Besides, still consider to repair , demolish , with displacement specific power consumption as well as transportat

78、ion specific power consumption. the design hot loss building of 2 and building design hot loss may decrease greatly through following measure; make the surface volume of building than minimum; improve thermal resistance;

79、 reduce natural air leak.</p><p>　　4.2.2 Water experience shows that resident water consumption may reduce 30 ～ 50%, have no influence for way of life. toilet take the 75% of family water consumption, low ru

80、sh water quantity nightstool rush every time water need 6 Ls only below; low the shower of rate of flow head may reduce the speed 50% of running water( 10 L/mins, is 20 L/mins normally); low the aerator of rate of flow m

81、ay reduce the tap 50% of rate of flow.</p><p>　　Grass will avoid as far as possible to plant outside thirsty waterweeds, local grass, tree and bush often lean precipitation only may live , ground and undergr

82、ound drop is filled may the 50% of water saving, will advocate vigorously.</p><p>　　The house in underground groove and basement may be stored in large quantities water is used in indoor make rush water with

83、 wash . design and manage properly store up water systematic water, may even use make drinking water.</p><p>　　4.3 Environmental responsibility environmental responsibility signifies the use of optimization

84、valuable resource , reduces the consumption of material and product.</p><p>　　4.3.1 Distribution thing and combustion by-product decreasing heat up, cool and use the demand of electricity for house .</p&g

85、t;<p>　　Will really reduce pellet nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide etc. for the chief step that reduces the gas of greenhouse effect to be harmful for gas . besides, healthy building will adopt more clean combus

86、tion equipment, Europe is now developing housing burn wooden stove the distribution quantity of carbon dioxide lose 90% than ordinary technology. lose use or do not use chlorine fluorine hydrocarbon( CFC ).</p>&l

87、t;p>　　4.3.2 Useless water and sewage decreasing heat up, cool and use the demand of electricity for house is really the chief step that reduces the gas of greenhouse effect , and want besides, healthy building will ad

88、opt more clean combustion equipment, Europe is now developing housing burn wooden stove the distribution quantity of carbon dioxide lose 90% than ordinary technology.</p><p>　　Lose use or do not use chlorine

89、 fluorine hydrocarbon( CFC ). reduce pellet nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide etc. is harmful for windpipe road system may design grey water( bathroom, water basin and toilet discharge without the water of dirty thing)

90、with dark water( contain the water of dirty th5.3.3 the regular optional location on-the-spot than than use land efficiently, produce ideal stingy time, cause beautiful street scene. directional want high limit land use

91、sunlight. landscape want the </p><p>　　4.3.3 The disposal healthy building of waste material should reduce building waste material , and is helpful for the management of house-owner for waste material . <

92、/p><p>　　In build room process in will decrease as far as possible have the use of harm material. Canadian nation-wide have carried out the recycle plan of the user management of waste material, have now includ

93、ed paper, glass and metal. plastics and paper case and the recycle plan of kitchen waste material is developing in.</p><p>　　4.4 May endurance </p><p>　　4.4.1 May buy the cost of healthy buildin

94、g will reduce as far as possible, reside comfortable happy, user is happy accept . </p><p>　　4.4.2 The feasibility building design of building must be feasible, the new technology of use will be to be able t

95、o accept . construct recently innovation design , method and product, will also apply to building, rebuild.</p><p>　　4.4.3 Adaptability new building is wanted can satisfy the residential demand of few acting

96、 persons, ; </p><p>　　Will rebuild and expand , single household and two household residential exchanges easily; live using loft person etc..</p><p>　　4.4.4 May market healthy building must be e

97、asy for user accept , accord with environmental requirement, satisfy building, quality appearance and the needs of comfortable life </p><p>　　Have new Yi, may accept for society, become the form of popularit