外文翻譯----管理信息系統(tǒng)

1、<p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　The Source Of Article：Russ Basiura, Mike Batongbacal</p><p>　　Management Information System</p><p>　　It is the MIS(Management Information

2、 System ) that we constantly say that the management information system , and is living to emphasize the administration , and emphasizes that it changes into more and more significantly and more and more is universaliz

3、ed in the contemporary community of message . MIS is a fresh branch of learning, and it leaped over several territories, and for instance administers scientific knowledge, system science, operational research, statistic

4、along with calculating m</p><p>　　1.The Management Information System Summary</p><p>　　20 centuries, in the wake of the flourishing development of whole world economy, numerous economists propo

5、se the fresh administration theory one by one. Xi Men propose the administration and was dependent on idea to message and decision of strategic importance in the 50’s 20 centuries. The dimension of simultaneous stage is

6、admitted issuing cybernetics, and he thinks that the administration is a control procedure. In 1958, Ger. write the lid: “ the administration shall obtain without delay with </p><p>　　In 1970, Walter T.Kenne

7、van give administration that has raised the only a short while ago information system term to get off a definition: “ either the cover of the book shape with the discount, is living appropriately time to director, staff

8、member along with the outside world personnel staff supplies the past and now and message that internal forecasting the approaching relevant business reaches such environment, in order to assist they make a strategic dec

9、ision”. Is living in this definition </p><p>　　In 1985, admonishing information system originator, title Buddhist nun Su Da university administration professor Gordon B.Davis give the management information

10、system relatively integrated definition, in immediate future “ administer the information system is one use calculating machine software and hardware resources along with data bank man - the engine system. </p>&l

11、t;p>　　It be able to supply message support business either organization operation, administration or the decision making function. Comprehensive directions of this definition management information system target and m

12、eritorious service capacity and component, but also make known the management information system to be living the level that attains at that time. </p><p>　　1.1 The Developing History of MIS </p><

13、p>　　The management information system is living the most primarily phase is counting the system, the substance which researched is the regular pattern on face between the incremental data, it what may separate into th

14、e data being mutually related and more not being mutually related series, afterwards act as the data conversion to message. </p><p>　　The second stage is the data are replaced the system, and it is that the

15、SABRE that the American airline company put up to in the 50’s 20 centuries subscribes to book the bank note system that such type stands for. It possess 1008 bank note booking spots, and may access 600000 traveler keep t

16、he minutes and 27000 flight segments record. Its operation is comparatively more complex, and is living whatever one “spot ”wholly to check whether to be the free place up some one flight numbers. Yet throug</p>&

17、lt;p>　　The third phase is the status reports system, and it may separate into manufacture state speech and service state and make known and research the systems such as status reports and so on. Its type stands for th

18、e production control system that is the IBM corporation to the for instance manufacture state speech system. As is known to all, the calculating machine corporation that the IBM corporation is the largest on the world, i

19、n 1964 it given birth to middle-sized calculating machine IBM360 and c</p><p>　　system CMIS and runs and succeeds very much, the past needs 15 weeks work, that system merely may be completed in the way of 3

20、weeks. </p><p>　　It is the data handling system that the status reports system still possess one kind of shape , and that it is used for handles the everyday professional work to make known with manufacture

21、, and stress rests with by the handwork task automation , and lifts the effectiveness with saves the labor power . The data handling system ordinarily can not supply decision of strategic importance message. </p>

22、<p>　　Last phase is the support systems make a strategic decision, and it is the information system being used for supplementary making a strategic decision. That system may program and the analysis scheme, and goe

23、s over key and the error solve a problem. Its proper better person-machine dialogue means, may with not particularly the personnel staff who have an intimate knowledge of the calculating machine hold conversation. It ord

24、inarily consists of some pattern so as to come into being decision of st</p><p>　　1.2 The Application of Management Information System</p><p>　　The management information system is used to the

25、most base work, like dump report form, calculation pay and occurrences in human tubes and so on, and then developing up business financial affairs administrations and inventory control and so on individual event operatio

26、nal control , this pertains to the electron data handling ( EDP Data Processing ) system . When establish the business data bank, thereby possess the calculating machine electric network to attain data sharing queen , th

27、e slave sys</p><p>　　There is the part application that few business start MIS inner place the limit of the world at the early days of being living in the 70’s 20 centuries. Up at the moment, MIS is living,

28、and there be the appropriate </p><p>　　Popularization rate in every state nation in world, and nearly covered that every profession reaches every department. </p><p>　　1.3 The Direction of MIS

29、Development</p><p>　　Close 20 curtains; external grand duke takes charge of having arisen3 kinds of alternations: </p><p>　　A.Paying special attention to the administration being emphasized to

30、establishing MIS’s system, and causing the administration technique head for the ageing. </p><p>　　B.The message is the decision of strategic importance foundation, and MIS supplies the message service in t

31、he interest of director at all times. </p><p>　　C.Director causes such management program getting in touch with together with the concrete professional work maneuver by means of MIS. not merely big-and-midd

32、le-sized business universally establish MIS some small-size business also not exceptions of self, universally establish the communal data network, like the electronic mail and electron data exchange and so on, MIS suppli

33、ed the well support environment to the application of Intranet’s technique to speedily developing of INTERNET especially </p><p>　　Through international technique development tendency is see, in the 90’s 20

34、centuries had arisen some kinds of brand-new administration technique.</p><p>　　1.Business Processes Rebuild (BPR)</p><p>　　A business should value correctly time and produce quality, manufactu

35、ring cost and technical service and so on several section administrations, grip at the moment organization and the process compose once more,andcompletes that meritorious service capacity integrationist, operation proces

36、sization and organization form fluctuation. Shall act as the service veer of middle layer management personnel staff the decision of strategic importance of the director service?</p><p>　　2.Intelligentizati

37、on Decision Support System (IDSS)</p><p>　　The intelligentization decision of strategic importance support system was sufficiently consider demand and the work distinguishing feature of business higher level

38、 personnel staff. </p><p>　　3.Lean Production (LP) </p><p>　　Application give birth to on time, comprehensive quality control and parallel project that picked amount is given birth to and so on

39、 the technique, the utmost product design cutting down and production cycle, raise produce quality and cuts down the reproduced goods to reserve, and is living in the manufacture promote corps essence, in order to meet t

40、he demand that client continuously changes. </p><p>　　4.Agile Manufacture (AM) </p><p>　　One kind of business administration pattern that possess the vision, such distinguishing feature is work

41、ers and staff members’ quality is high, and the organization simplifies and the multi-purpose group effectiveness GAO message loading is agile and answers client requires swiftly. </p><p>　　2.The Effect To

42、 The Business Administration of MIS Development</p><p>　　The effect to the business administration of the management information system development is administered the change to business and business adminis

43、tration of information system development and come into being and is coming into being the far-reaching effect with. </p><p>　　Decision of strategic importance, particularly strategic decision-making may be

44、assisted by the administration information system, and its good or bad directly affects living and the development up the business. The MIS is impeding the orientation development that the administration means one anothe

45、r unites through quality and ration. This express to utilize the administration in the calculation with the different mathematical model the problem in the quantitative analysis business. </p><p>

46、;　　The past administer that the problem is difficult to test, but MIS may unite the administration necessaries, and supply the sufficient data, and simulates to produce the term in the interest of the administration. <

47、;/p><p>　　In the wake of the development of MIS, much business sit up the decentralized message concentration to establish the information system ministry of directly under director, and the chief of informatio

48、n system ministry is ordinarily in the interest of assistant manager’s grade. After the authority of business is centralized up high-quality administration personnel staff’s hand, as if causing much sections office work

49、decrease, hence someone prophesy, middle layer management shall vanish. In reali</p><p>　　This is for, although the middle layer management personnel staff getting off exonerate out through loaded down with

50、trivial details daily routine, yet needs them to analyses researching work in the way of even more energy, lift further admonishing the decision of strategic importance level. In the wake of the development of MIS, the b

51、usiness continuously adds to the demand of high technique a talented person, but the scarce thing of capability shall be washed out gradually. This compels people </p><p>　　The wake of the news dispatch and

52、electric network and file transmission system development, business staff member is on duty in many being living incomparably either the home. Having caused that corporation save the expenses enormously, the work efficie

53、ncy obviously moves upward American Rank Zeros corporation the office system on the net, in the interest of the creativity of raise office personnel staff was produced the advantageous term. </p><p>　　At the

54、 moment many countries are fermenting one kind of more well-developed manufacturing industry strategy, and become quickly manufacturing the business. It completely on the basis of the user requirement organization design

55、 together with manufacture, may carry on the large-scale cooperation in the interest of identical produce by means of the business that the flow was shifted the distinct districts, and by means of the once more programmi

56、ng to the machinery with to the resources and the reor</p><p>　　The management information system is towards the self-adoption and Self-learning orientation development, the decision procedure of imitation m

57、an who is be able to be better. Some entrepreneurs of the west vainly hope that consummate MIS is encircles the magic drug to govern the business all kinds of diseases; Yet also someone says, and what it is too many is d

58、ependent on the defeat that MIS be able to cause on the administration. It is adaptable each other to comprehend the effect to the busine</p><p><b>　　英文翻譯</b></p><p>　　文章的出處：Russ Bas

59、iura, Mike Batongbacal</p><p><b>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)就是我們常說(shuō)的MIS(Management Information System), 在強(qiáng)調(diào)管理，強(qiáng)調(diào)信息的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中它變得越來(lái)越重要、越來(lái)越普及。MIS是一門(mén)新的學(xué)科，它跨越了若干個(gè)領(lǐng)域，比如管理科學(xué)、系統(tǒng)科學(xué)、運(yùn)籌學(xué)、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)以及計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)

60、。在這些學(xué)科的基礎(chǔ)上，形成信息收集和加工的方法，從而形成一個(gè)縱橫交織的系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　1．管理信息系統(tǒng)概述</p><p>　　20世紀(jì)，隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展，眾多經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家紛紛提出了新的管理理論。20世紀(jì)50年代，西蒙提出管理依賴(lài)于信息和決策的思想。同時(shí)期的維娜發(fā)表了控制論，他認(rèn)為管理是一個(gè)控制過(guò)程。1958年，蓋爾寫(xiě)到：“管理將以較低的成本得到及時(shí)的、準(zhǔn)確的信息，做到較好的

61、控制”。這個(gè)時(shí)期，計(jì)算機(jī)開(kāi)始用于會(huì)計(jì)工作。數(shù)據(jù)處理一詞已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　1970年，Walter T.Kennevan給剛剛出現(xiàn)的管理信息系統(tǒng)一詞下了一個(gè)定義：“以扣頭或書(shū)面的形式，在合適的時(shí)間向經(jīng)理、職員以及外界人員提供過(guò)去的、現(xiàn)在的、預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的有關(guān)企業(yè)內(nèi)部及其環(huán)境的信息，以幫助他們進(jìn)行決策”。</p><p>　　在這個(gè)定義里強(qiáng)調(diào)了用信息支持決策，但并沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用模型，沒(méi)

62、有提到計(jì)算機(jī)的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　1985年，管理信息系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)始人，名尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)的管理學(xué)教授Gordon B.Davis給了管理信息系統(tǒng)一個(gè)較為完整的定義，即“管理信息系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)利用計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件資源以及數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的人-機(jī)系統(tǒng)。它能提供信息支持企業(yè)或組織的運(yùn)行、管理和決策功能?！?這個(gè)定義全面的說(shuō)明了管理信息系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)、功能和組成，而且反映了管理信息系統(tǒng)在當(dāng)時(shí)達(dá)到的水平。</p><p>

63、;　　1.1管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史</p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)在初級(jí)階段是統(tǒng)計(jì)系統(tǒng)，所研究的內(nèi)容是數(shù)量數(shù)據(jù)間表面的規(guī)律，它可以把數(shù)據(jù)分成較相關(guān)和較不相關(guān)的組，然后把數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為信息。</p><p>　　第二階段是數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，其典型代表是美國(guó)航空公司于20世紀(jì)50年代建成的SABRE預(yù)約訂票系統(tǒng)。它設(shè)有1008個(gè)訂票點(diǎn)，可以存取600000個(gè)旅客記錄和27000個(gè)飛行段記錄。它的操作

64、比較復(fù)雜，在任何“點(diǎn)”都可以查到某一航班是否有空座位。但從概念上來(lái)講，它只是一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)更新系統(tǒng)，比如它不能告訴你以現(xiàn)在的售票速度何時(shí)票將售完，從而采取補(bǔ)救措施。因而它也是管理信息系統(tǒng)的低級(jí)階段。</p><p>　　第三階段是狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)，它可以分成生產(chǎn)狀況報(bào)告、服務(wù)狀態(tài)報(bào)告和研究狀態(tài)報(bào)告等系統(tǒng)。比如生產(chǎn)狀況報(bào)告系統(tǒng)，它的典型代表是IBM公司的生產(chǎn)管理系統(tǒng)。眾所周知，IBM公司是世界上最大的計(jì)算機(jī)公司，1964年它

65、生產(chǎn)出中型計(jì)算機(jī)IBM360，使計(jì)算機(jī)的水平提高了一個(gè)臺(tái)階，但同時(shí)組織生產(chǎn)的管理工作卻大大復(fù)雜化了，一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)又超過(guò)15000個(gè)不同的部件，每個(gè)部件又有若干個(gè)元件，加之IBM的工廠遍及美國(guó)各地，不同的訂貨有不同的部件和不同的元件，必須指出什么工廠什么設(shè)備生產(chǎn)什么元件，因此不僅生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜，裝配、安裝和運(yùn)輸都十分復(fù)雜。為了保證生產(chǎn)以及其他環(huán)節(jié)的順利進(jìn)行，必須要有一個(gè)以計(jì)算機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)的生產(chǎn)狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)。因此同年IBM建立了先進(jìn)管理系統(tǒng)AAS,它能

66、進(jìn)行450個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)的操作。1968年，公司又建立了公用制造信息系統(tǒng)CMIS,運(yùn)行很成功，過(guò)去需要15周的工作，該系統(tǒng)只用3周就可以完成。狀態(tài)報(bào)告系統(tǒng)還有一種形式是數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，它用來(lái)處理日常業(yè)務(wù)和生產(chǎn)報(bào)告，重點(diǎn)在于將手工作業(yè)自動(dòng)化，提高效率和節(jié)省人力。數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)一般不能提供決策信息。</p><p>　　最后的階段是決策支持系統(tǒng)，它是用來(lái)輔助決策的信息系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以計(jì)劃、分析方案，審查解答和求解的誤差。它應(yīng)有較

67、好的人-機(jī)對(duì)話方式，可以和不怎么熟悉計(jì)算機(jī)的人員通話。它一般包括一些模型用以產(chǎn)生決策信息，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)全面的管理功能。</p><p>　　1.2管理信息系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用</p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)起初應(yīng)用于最基礎(chǔ)的工作，如打印報(bào)表、計(jì)算工資、人事管等，進(jìn)而發(fā)展到企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)管理、庫(kù)存管理等單項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)管理，這屬于電子數(shù)據(jù)處理(EDP,Electroni9c Data Processing) 系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)

68、建立了企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，有了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)從而達(dá)到數(shù)據(jù)共享后，從系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)，實(shí)施全局規(guī)劃和設(shè)計(jì)信息系統(tǒng)時(shí)，就達(dá)到了管理信息系統(tǒng)階段。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和人們對(duì)系統(tǒng)的需求進(jìn)一步提高，人們更加強(qiáng)調(diào)管理信息系統(tǒng)的階段。隨著計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和人們對(duì)系統(tǒng)的需求進(jìn)一步提高，人們更加強(qiáng)調(diào)管理信息系統(tǒng)能否支持企業(yè)高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的決策這一功能，更側(cè)重于企業(yè)外部信息的收集、綜合數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、模型庫(kù)、方法庫(kù)、和其它人工智能工具能否直接面向決策者，這是決策支持系統(tǒng)(DDS)的任

69、務(wù)。</p><p>　　在20世紀(jì)70年代初期，世界范圍內(nèi)有少數(shù)企業(yè)開(kāi)始MIS的局部應(yīng)用。到目前，MIS在世界各國(guó)已經(jīng)有了相當(dāng)?shù)钠占奥?，幾乎覆蓋了各個(gè)行業(yè)及各部門(mén)。</p><p>　　1.3管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展方向</p><p>　　近20年間，國(guó)外大公司出現(xiàn)了3種變化：</p><p>　　抓管理著重于建立MIS系統(tǒng)，使管理技術(shù)走向成熟

70、。</p><p>　　信息是決策的依據(jù)，MIS隨時(shí)為經(jīng)理提供信息服務(wù)。</p><p>　　經(jīng)理通過(guò)MIS使其經(jīng)營(yíng)計(jì)劃和具體的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起。</p><p>　　由于以上的變化。MIS應(yīng)用得到了迅速的發(fā)展。不僅大中型企業(yè)普遍建立了自己的MIS,一些小型企業(yè)也不例外，普遍建立了公用數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如電子郵件、電子數(shù)據(jù)交換等，尤其是近年來(lái)INTERNET的飛速發(fā)展，I

71、NTRANET技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，為企業(yè)MIS提供了良好的支持環(huán)境。</p><p>　　從國(guó)際技術(shù)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)看，20世紀(jì)90年代出現(xiàn)了幾種全新的管理技術(shù)</p><p>　　1.企業(yè)過(guò)程重組(BPR)</p><p>　　一個(gè)企業(yè)應(yīng)該重視對(duì)時(shí)間、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)成本和技術(shù)服務(wù)等幾個(gè)部分的管理，把目前的機(jī)構(gòu)和過(guò)程重新組合，做到功能集成化、運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程化、機(jī)構(gòu)組織扁平化。</p

72、><p>　　2.智能化決策支持系統(tǒng)(IDDS)</p><p>　　充分考慮了企業(yè)高層人員的要求和工作特點(diǎn)，將把中層管理人員的服務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向?yàn)榻?jīng)理的決策服務(wù)。</p><p>　　3.精量生產(chǎn)(LP)</p><p>　　應(yīng)用準(zhǔn)時(shí)生產(chǎn)、全面質(zhì)量管理、并行工程等技術(shù)，最大限度的縮短產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)周期、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、降低再制品庫(kù)存，并在生產(chǎn)中提倡團(tuán)隊(duì)精神

73、，以滿足客戶(hù)不斷變化的需求。</p><p>　　4.靈捷制造(AM)</p><p>　　一種有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的企業(yè)管理模式，其特點(diǎn)是職工素質(zhì)高，組織機(jī)構(gòu)精簡(jiǎn)、多功能小組效率高、信息存放靈活、響應(yīng)客戶(hù)要求迅速。</p><p>　　2.理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展對(duì)企業(yè)管理的影響</p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展對(duì)企業(yè)和企業(yè)管理的變革產(chǎn)生了和正在產(chǎn)生著深遠(yuǎn)

74、的影響。管理信息系統(tǒng)可以輔助決策，特別是戰(zhàn)略決策，它的好壞直接影響到企業(yè)的生存和發(fā)展。MIS正在促使管理方法由定性和定量相結(jié)合的方向發(fā)展。這表現(xiàn)在管理中運(yùn)用預(yù)測(cè)和各種數(shù)學(xué)模型來(lái)定量分析企業(yè)中的問(wèn)題。過(guò)去管理問(wèn)題難以進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，而MIS則可以結(jié)合管理需要，提供充分的數(shù)據(jù)，為管理模擬創(chuàng)造條件。</p><p>　　隨著MIS的發(fā)展，許多企業(yè)把分散的信息集中起來(lái)成立了直屬經(jīng)理的信息系統(tǒng)部，信息系統(tǒng)部的負(fù)責(zé)人一般為副經(jīng)理級(jí)

75、。企業(yè)的權(quán)力集中到高級(jí)管理人員手中以后，似乎使許多科室的工作減少了，因此有人預(yù)言，中層管理將消失。實(shí)際上，再現(xiàn)階段用了信息系統(tǒng)后中層管理不僅沒(méi)有減少，反而稍有增加。這是因?yàn)?，雖然中下層管理人員從繁瑣的事務(wù)性工作中解脫出來(lái)，但需要他們用更多的精力去分析研究工作，進(jìn)一步提高管理決策水平。隨著MIS的發(fā)展，企業(yè)對(duì)高技術(shù)人才的需求不斷增加，而能力不足者將逐步被淘汰。這就迫使人們通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、培訓(xùn)，不斷提高個(gè)人素質(zhì)。隨著通訊、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和文檔傳輸系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展

76、，企業(yè)職員可以在遠(yuǎn)地或家中上班。美國(guó)蘭克·施樂(lè)公司(Rank Zerox)的網(wǎng)上辦公系統(tǒng)，已經(jīng)使該公司大大節(jié)省了開(kāi)支，工作效率明顯上升，為提高辦公人員的創(chuàng)造性創(chuàng)造了優(yōu)越的條件。</p><p>　　目前許多國(guó)家正在醞釀一種更先進(jìn)的制造業(yè)戰(zhàn)略，成為敏捷制造企業(yè)。它完全根據(jù)用戶(hù)需求來(lái)組織設(shè)計(jì)與生產(chǎn)，可以通過(guò)信息流調(diào)動(dòng)不同地域的企業(yè)為同一個(gè)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行大協(xié)作，通過(guò)對(duì)機(jī)器的重新編程和對(duì)資源、人員的重新組織，構(gòu)成了一

77、個(gè)新的制造系統(tǒng)，使得生產(chǎn)成本與批量幾乎無(wú)關(guān)。敏捷制造企業(yè)與用戶(hù)建立一個(gè)完全嶄新的戰(zhàn)略依存關(guān)系，將會(huì)引起產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的又一次革命。</p><p>　　管理信息系統(tǒng)正在朝著自適應(yīng)、自學(xué)習(xí)的方向發(fā)展，也就是能更好的模擬人的決策過(guò)程。西方某些企業(yè)家夢(mèng)想完善的MIS是包治企業(yè)百病的靈丹妙藥；但也有人說(shuō)，過(guò)多的依賴(lài)MIS會(huì)導(dǎo)致管理上的失敗。了解MIS對(duì)企業(yè)的影響，有利于我們?cè)陂_(kāi)發(fā)和研究工作中，使企業(yè)的組織機(jī)構(gòu)、管理體制和管理方