基于gisgpsgprs技術(shù)的露天礦卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文4337字</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and</p><p>　　shovels in an open pit based on GIS/GPS

2、/GPRS</p><p>　　Abstract Using GIS, GPS and GPRS, an intelligent monitoring and dispatch system of trucks and shovels in an open pit has been designed and developed. The system can monitor and dispatch open-

3、pit trucks and shovels and play back their historical paths. An intelligent data algorithm is proposed in a practical applicat-</p><p>　　ion. The algorithm can count the times of deliveries of trucks and loa

4、dings of shovels. Experiments on real scenes show that the performance of this system is stable and can satisfy production standards in open pits. </p><p>　　Keywords GIS; GPS; GPRS; dispatch; data processin

5、g; open pit</p><p>　　1 . Introduction</p><p>　　To date the development of truck monitoring dinpatch systems in the world, such as the DISPATCH monitoring system of the American Module Company ha

6、s reached a highly mature level and is almost univernal. It has developed into a decision-making platform by management as a control system in multi-direction-</p><p>　　al mining production, called Intellimi

7、ne. In 1998, DISPATCH was introduced into the Dexing Copper Mine in Jiangxi, China. It has clearly enhanced the service efficiency of equipment, improved the management level in the open pits and obtained better overall

8、benefits. In 2003, the Dandong Dong-fang Measurement and Control Technology Co. Ltd.,together with the Qidashan Iron Mine have developed a dispatch management system for trucks in open pits.</p><p>　　The sys

9、tem has become indispensable to daily production management. It must be emphatically pointed out that the greatest disadvantage of these systems is that they cost too much. The major cause is that an independent communic

10、ation network needs to be established and maintained by every open pit. Many mines can not afford such a system. However, using GIS/GPS/GPRS technologies, it is not necessary to establish independent communication netw

11、orks in every open pit. The network can be maintaine</p><p>　　2 . GIS/GPS/GPRS</p><p><b>　　2.1 GIS</b></p><p>　　The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one kind of c

12、omputer system gathering, storing, managing,analyzing, demonstrating and applying geographic</p><p>　　information. It is a general technology that can analyze and process enormous </p><p>　　amo

13、unts of geographic data. It takes a geographic space database as its foundat-</p><p>　　ion, uses a geographic model analysis method to provide many kinds of spatial</p><p>　　and dynamic geograph

14、ic information and serves as a geographic research and</p><p>　　decision-making tool. It has some basic functions such as electronic mapping, spatial data management and spatial information analysis. GIS has

15、 been applied in many fields to establish all kinds of spatial databases and decision support systems,each with different criteria and provide answers to many different formal spatial inquiries, spatial analyses and assi

16、stance plans and decision-making func-</p><p><b>　　tions.</b></p><p>　　To date, GIS has pits. The task been gradually applied in open of a monitoring dispatch information system of t

17、rucks and shovels in open pits is to track, monitor and manage production equipment,which depends largely on geographic spatial information. Therefore GIS plays an important role in visual supervisory systems of trucks,

18、real-time dynamic management and assistance in decision analysis.</p><p><b>　　2.2 GPS</b></p><p>　　The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up

19、of a network of 24 satellites placed in orbit. Their ground stations are</p><p>　　managed by the U.S. Department of Defense.</p><p>　　A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least t

20、hree satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movements. With four</p><p>　　or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the 3D position of trucks (latitude, longitu

21、de and elevation). Once the position of the truck has been dete-</p><p>　　rmined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, suprise and sunset time and more.

22、 GPS works in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or establishment charges to use GPS.</p><p>　　To date, as GPS units are becoming smaller and less e

23、xpensive, there are an expanding number of applications for GPS in open pits. With GPS, the monitor-</p><p>　　ing dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits provides cua-</p><p

24、>　　ccurate position (latitude and longitude), speed, bearing, time, track and more basic information of trucks and shovels.</p><p><b>　　2.3 GPRS</b></p><p>　　The General Packet R

25、adio Service (GPRS) is one of GSMPhase2+ standard realization contents and can provide fast data transmission speed. Theoretically,</p><p>　　this service is ten times faster than the current Circuit Switched

26、 Data services on GSM networks. GPRS uses the same frequency range,bandwidth, sharpedged structure wireless modulation standard,frequency-hopping rule and TDMA frame structure as GSM.</p><p>　　The monitoring

27、 dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in open pits largely uses the advantages of GPRS such as faster speed and instant connections as the need arises and charging by amount of data. It can provide realt- i

28、me wire-</p><p>　　less transmission and is very quick without a dial-up modem connection to GPS equipment for position information. That is very important because GPS position information has room for only a

29、 small amount of data and needs to be transmitted frequently. So this system can make good use of GPRS to transmit GPS position information.</p><p>　　3. Principle of monitoring dispatch system of trucks and

30、shovels</p><p>　　3.1 Monitoring dispatch system of trucks and shovels</p><p>　　The monitoring dispatch system is composed of mobile terminals carried by vehicles, a communication network and a m

31、onitoring center, as shown in Fig.1 .</p><p>　　In this system the mobile terminals receive GPS signals and then calculate the latitude, longitude, angle, elevation and speed of the vehicles. The expansion in

32、terfaces of mobile terminals can also meet many examination and control lines to obtain the information from the vehicles. Each kind of information is transm-</p><p>　　itted to the monitoring center through

33、GPRS and the Internet. GPRS, as a teleco-</p><p>　　mmunications network between the mobile terminals and monitoring center, mainly transmits the information on position and condition of the vehicle and infor

34、mation in case of an alarm, to the monitoring center, which in turn transmits dispatch and control commands to the vehides.</p><p>　　In the monitoring center, the communication server, the database server an

35、d the console are connected by a 100M local area network. The monitoring center under control of the system software system receives and processes all kinds of information coming from the controlled vehicles. The positio

36、n, paths and other information of the vehicles are displayed at LED multimedia monitors and electronic maps in the monitoring center and from these the vehicles can be monitored and dispatched. Besides, the</p>&l

37、t;p>　　3.2 Data processing system of trucks and shovels</p><p>　　The data processing system of trucks and shovels at first locates the real-time positions of trucks through GPS and GPRS and then determines

38、 the loading mine position A (longitude, latitude) through a terminal on the shovel and the unloading mine position B (longitude, latitude) through GPS equipment. The rea-</p><p>　　ltime location of truck C

39、(longitude, latitude) can be determined according to a terminal installed in the truck,as shown in Fig. 2.</p><p>　　4.Monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in Sandaozhuang open pit<

40、/p><p>　　The Sandaozhuang open pit is part of the Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum Industry Group Inc. Its output is 1O million tons. Its length is 2350 m, its width 1350 m and its mining elevation is between 1114

41、 and 1630.8 m. The height of mining is 516.8 m and the bench height 12 m. Rotary drilling machines, shovels and trucks are used in this mining process.The transportation system consists of a number of trucks, a crushing

42、station, an ore pass and electric locomotives. The monitoring dispatch informat</p><p>　　4.1 Software constitution and its function</p><p>　　4.1.1 GIS monitoring dispatch client (GMDC)</p>

43、;<p>　　The GIS monitoring dispatch client can be installed in the monitoring center to manage, dispatch and monitor trucks and shovels. Its functions are as follows:</p><p>　　1) Map operation: zoom in

44、, zoom out, roam and display lamination maps; display coordinates of a random point on the map; compute the distance of two random points; compute the area of a random polygon; inquire about the geographic target informa

45、tion etc.</p><p>　　2) Vehicles display: display the several trucks or shovels differently, e.g., different colors and different marks; do not display trucks or shovels according to</p><p>　　give

46、n commands.</p><p>　　3) Playback of historical paths: play back the travel path of any truck at some time on the electronic map.</p><p>　　4) Inquiry about the location of a truck: inquire curren

47、t position, speed, condition and driver of any truck at any moment.</p><p>　　5) Instruction dispatch: the monitoring center can send out dispatch instructions as text; the terminal carried by trucks will cle

48、arly indicate and display, with a red light, the dispatch instructions on the terminal.</p><p>　　6) Pronunciation dispatch: the monitoring center can call any terminal carried by vehicles for dispatch;the re

49、d light of the terminal will clearly indicate that</p><p>　　instructions are given and will ring.</p><p>　　7) Terminal information feedback: the terminal carried by trucks can upload the prefabr

50、icated fixed information on the operation surface of the terminal and</p><p>　　return feedback to the monitoring center which can deal with the information in a timely fashion.</p><p>　　4.1.2 G

51、PS data processing client (GDPC)</p><p>　　The function of the GPS data processing is to record the times delivered by trucks and the times loaded by shovels. The concrete function is as follows:</p>&

52、lt;p>　　1) Count of delivery by truck: count accurately the delivery times of each truck from shovels to crushing stations during some time interval; the interval can be set by users; the statistical results can be tra

53、nsformed to report forms by class, month and season, according to need of the user.</p><p>　　2) Count of loading by shovels: count accurately the loading time during some time interval of each shovel; other

54、functions are the same as in 1). 4.1.3 GPS localization data processing server (GLDP)</p><p>　　The function of the GPS processing server is mainly to filter, extract and process the localization data o

55、f trucks and shovels in order to enhance the level of accuracy and statistical efficiency.</p><p>　　4.1.4 Data communication control server (DCCS)</p><p>　　The communication control server main

56、ly gathers,transmits and routes the data through the TCP/IP and analyzes the communication protocol and the distribution of data; this part is also in charge of the handling of traffic (monitoring, dispatch etc.) and oth

57、er data connections (the localization data input, condition, renewal of vehicles, etc. ).</p><p>　　4.1.5 Database management system (DBMS)</p><p>　　The database management system mainly manages

58、the database and increases, deletes, modifies and requires data from vehicles, drivers and operators; it regularly backs up the data and then deletes it.</p><p>　　4.2 System application deployment</p>

59、<p>　　The process of the entire system deployment is as follows:</p><p>　　1)Early preparation: the terrain of the open pit is complex, the communication signals are bad and there are many blind signal

60、zones. A communication base seat and a repeater were built by China Mobile.These measures have solved the signal problem.</p><p>　　2) Terminal installation: the type of terminals is a HQ60006-T10 provided by

61、 the Shenzhen Huaqiang Holdings Ltd. GPS terminals had been installed in 75</p><p>　　trucks and shovels during an earlier period. The terminal consist mainly of a mainframe, a GPS antenna,a GPRS antenna, a d

62、isplay, a red indicating lamp,</p><p>　　earphones, a sound box as well as a microphone. After installation, the terminal needed debugging. It mainly sets the parameters of the main frame (number,IP, port, et

63、c)using an operation handle.</p><p>　　3) Software deployment: there are five sub-systems in the project. A schematic deployment structure is drawn in Fig. 3. The data communication control system is deployed

64、 in the web server of the company; the localization data processing system and the database management server are deployed in the database server of the company; the data processing client and the monitoring client of tr

65、ucks and shovels are deployed in the monitoring center of the open pit.</p><p>　　4) Coordinate registration: in first instance, the present topographic map of the open pit should be renewed. Under AutoCAD20

66、06 we can transform it from DWG to DXF format. Then we can match the present DXF topographic map to the coordinates. Establish a longitude/latitude (wgs84) coordinate system and select a couple of coordinates: the geodet

67、ic coordinates of the first point are: (6755.3044, 4850.7990),latitude/longitude coordinates (111.506202, 33.91905);</p><p>　　those of the second point are (6459.1221, 5482.2094),latitude/longitude coordinat

68、e (111.50295, 33.92468).Their match is shown in Fig, 4. After obtaining the electronic map of Tab format, the electronic map is saved as Geoset by MapX5.0.</p><p>　　5) System debugging: Many parameters need

69、to be rationalised in this system, given the real situation.The most important parameters are the demarcations of all the scanning regions in the open pit. At present there are five scanning regions, those of crushing st

70、ations I, II, III, the Nangou trough and the reserve mine.They have mainly adopted the method of scanning return paths made by many trucks to determine the areas. Besides, in some special terrain, scanning regions of irr

71、egular shapes can </p><p>　　4.3 Running the system</p><p>　　The monitoring dispatch information system in the Sandaozhuang open pit has been used since March,2007. Some problems have arisen sin

72、ce then, such as drift and precision of GPS. These have been solved by optimization of the system software. After experiments with real scenes, the performance of the system is stable. It not only can track and localize

73、trucks,play back historical paths, monitor the trucks automatically, but can also dispatch the trucks by voice and instructions, count the workload</p><p>　　5. Conclusions</p><p>　　1)Based on GI

74、S/GPS/GPRS technologies, the monitoring dispatch information system of trucks and shovels in an open pit is a set of multi-directional,real-time, highly effective software system. The practical application indicates that

75、 the system improves labor productivity and the production scheduling efficiency in mines considerably and saves investment and transportation costs.</p><p>　　2) From GPS pinpoint data, the system can deter

76、mine the delivery times of trucks and loading times of shovels. Its level of accuracy is 99%~100%. The system saves considerably on labor costs, reduces the effect of human factors on production scheduling and provides a

77、n accurate basis for matching ore plans.</p><p>　　3) The system is of great importance in the realization of automation in truck and information management in open pits, which definitely can be applied to<

78、;/p><p>　　other open pits.</p><p>　　Acknowledgements</p><p>　　The authors gratefully acknowledge the cooperation of the Luoyang Luanchuan Molybdenum Industry Group Inc and Shenzhen Hua

79、qiang Holdings Limited. The authors also thank other participants fortheir support.</p><p><b>　　漢語翻譯</b></p><p>　　基于GIS/GPS/GPRS技術(shù)的露天礦卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　摘要 卡車和電鏟監(jiān)控調(diào)

80、度系統(tǒng)，是一個集GIS, GPS 和 GPRS技術(shù)的智能的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在露天礦得到了應(yīng)用和發(fā)展。這個系統(tǒng)可以監(jiān)測和調(diào)度露天礦卡車和電鏟，并可以回放它們的歷史路徑。將這個智能的數(shù)據(jù)計算程序在實際應(yīng)用，可以計算卡車運行和電鏟裝載的次數(shù)。現(xiàn)場實驗證實了這個系統(tǒng)是穩(wěn)定的，可以滿足露天礦的生產(chǎn)要求。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞 GIS;GPS;GPRS;調(diào)度；數(shù)據(jù)處理；露天礦</p><p><

81、b>　　1.引言</b></p><p>　　到目前為止，全世界的卡車監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展，已經(jīng)到達(dá)高度成熟的水平，如美國模塊公司的調(diào)度監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。在多樣化的生產(chǎn)中，被稱為“智能開采”的檢測調(diào)度系統(tǒng)，已被發(fā)展成為一個管理和決策的平臺。在1998年，該系統(tǒng)被引入到中國的江西德興銅礦。它明顯地提高了露天礦設(shè)備的效率、提高了管理水平，并獲得更好的綜合效益。 2003年，丹東東方測控技術(shù)有限公司和齊大山鐵礦共同

82、開發(fā)了一套露天礦山的卡車調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　該系統(tǒng)已成為日常生產(chǎn)中不可或缺的管理工具。必須強調(diào)指出，該系統(tǒng)的成本太高，這也是最大的缺點。主要的原因是在每一個露天礦都要建立和維護一個獨立的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，許多露天礦無法承受這樣的花費。然而，利用GIS(利用地理信息系統(tǒng))/GPS(全球定位系統(tǒng))/ GPRS(通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù))技術(shù)，沒有必要在每一個露天建立獨立的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以通過第三方（如中國移動通信

83、有限公司）進行維護和升級。這可以大大降低成本，并提供了一個良好的平臺，為中型和小型露天礦建立了一種快速，高效，和實用的地面運輸系統(tǒng)。這種系統(tǒng)是非常重要的，在露天礦山前所未有的程度上提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，降低開采成本和促進采礦技術(shù)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　2.地理信息系統(tǒng)/全球定位系統(tǒng)/ 通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù)</p><p>　　2.1地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）</p><p>

84、;　　地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）是一種收集，存儲，管理，分析，顯示和應(yīng)用地理信息的計算機系統(tǒng)。這是一種可以分析和處理大量的地理數(shù)據(jù)的綜合性技術(shù)。它以地理空間數(shù)據(jù)庫為基礎(chǔ)，采用地理模型分析方法，提供多種空間和動態(tài)的地理信息，并作為地理研究和決策工具。它的一些基本功能，如電子地圖，空間數(shù)據(jù)管理和空間信息的分析。地理信息系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)應(yīng)用在許多領(lǐng)域建立各種空間數(shù)據(jù)庫和決策支持系統(tǒng)，各有不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并提供許多不同的方案，如：空間查詢、空間分析、援助計劃和

85、管理決策。</p><p>　　迄今為止，地理信息系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)進入礦山。這項技術(shù)已逐步在露天礦山應(yīng)用于追蹤卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)。監(jiān)測和管理的生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，這在很大程度上取決于地理空間信息。因此，地理信息系統(tǒng)在屏幕監(jiān)控汽車運輸環(huán)節(jié)、實時動態(tài)管理和決策分析上都扮演重要得角色。</p><p>　　2.2全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）</p><p>　　全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）是

86、一種衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)，是由在軌道運行的24顆衛(wèi)星構(gòu)成的一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)。它們地面站由美國國防部管理。至少利用三顆（4顆或更多的衛(wèi)星）在二維位置（經(jīng)度和緯度）的軌道運動的衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號來鎖定GPS接收器，來確定卡車的三維位置（緯度，經(jīng)度和海拔）。一旦確定卡車的位置，全球定位系統(tǒng)可以確定卡車的其他信息，如速度，運行方向，運行軌跡，運行距離，上班和下班時間及更多。全球定位系統(tǒng)可以在各種天氣條件下，任何地方，全天候的運行。使用全球定位系統(tǒng)沒有認(rèn)購費或建設(shè)費

87、用。</p><p>　　迄今為止，GPS接收器正變得越來越便攜，越來越便宜，有越來越多的露天礦山應(yīng)用GPS技術(shù)。在露天礦山使用全球定位系統(tǒng)，卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)，可以提供卡車和電鏟的精確位置（經(jīng)度和緯度）、運行速度、運行方向、運行周期、運行軌跡和更多的基本信息。</p><p>　　2.3通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù)(GPRS)</p><p>　　通用分組無線業(yè)務(wù)（G

88、PRS）是一個GSM二代和分組無線業(yè)務(wù)的結(jié)合，可以提供快速的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速度。從理論上說，這項技術(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速度比目前應(yīng)用的電路交換數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)的GSM網(wǎng)絡(luò)快10倍。GPRS使用和GSM相同的頻率范圍，帶寬，快分結(jié)構(gòu)的無線調(diào)制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，跳頻規(guī)則和TDMA幀結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　在露天礦山，卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)在很大程度上使用的GPRS的優(yōu)勢，如更快的速度、需要時的即時連接和按數(shù)據(jù)量收費。它可以提供實時的無線傳輸，

89、是非?？鞜o需撥號的調(diào)制解調(diào)器連接到全球定位系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的位置信息。這是非常重要的，因為GPS定位信息的空間，只有少量的數(shù)據(jù)和需要頻繁交轉(zhuǎn)。因此，該系統(tǒng)可以很好地利用GPRS網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸GPS定位信息。</p><p>　　3.卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度系統(tǒng)的原理</p><p>　　3.1卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　監(jiān)測調(diào)度系統(tǒng)由車載可移動的終端設(shè)備、通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)和一個

90、監(jiān)測中心組成，如圖1所示。在該系統(tǒng)中，移動終端接收GPS信號，然后計算出車輛的緯度，經(jīng)度，角度，高度和速度。移動終端的其他接口可以通過許多控制線來獲得其他車輛的信息。各種信息通過GPRS和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳送至監(jiān)控中心。GPRS，作為一個移動終端和監(jiān)控中心之間的電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，主要是傳輸車輛的位置和狀態(tài)信息以及警報至監(jiān)測中心，反過來又把調(diào)度和控制命令傳遞給移動終端設(shè)備。</p><p>　　在監(jiān)測中心，由通信服務(wù)器，數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器

91、和控制臺連接構(gòu)成一個百兆局域網(wǎng)。監(jiān)測中心控制系統(tǒng)的軟件系統(tǒng)接收和處理來自控制車輛的各種信息。這些監(jiān)測和派遣車輛的方位，路徑和其他信息在監(jiān)測中心的顯示器和LED多媒體電子地圖上顯示。此外，該系統(tǒng)可在其他中心不同的區(qū)域設(shè)立監(jiān)測和調(diào)度子系統(tǒng)。監(jiān)測中心可以獨立或相對獨立的監(jiān)測調(diào)度這個分中心的功能。</p><p>　　圖1 監(jiān)測調(diào)度系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖</p><p>　　3.2卡車和電鏟的數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)&l

92、t;/p><p>　　卡車和電鏟的數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，首先通過GPS和GPRS實時找到現(xiàn)場卡車的位置；然后通過安裝在電鏟上的移動終端來確定裝載礦物的位置A（經(jīng)度，緯度），通過全球定位系統(tǒng)設(shè)備來確定卸載礦物的位置B（經(jīng)度，緯度）；通過安裝在卡車上的終端設(shè)備來確定卡車的實時位置C（經(jīng)度，緯度）。如圖2所示。</p><p>　　圖2 數(shù)據(jù)運算示意圖</p><p>　　4. 三道

93、莊露天礦卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)</p><p>　　在三道莊露天礦是洛陽欒川鉬業(yè)集團的下屬企業(yè)，總產(chǎn)量為1000萬t。開采境界長度為2350m，寬度為1350 m；開采高程在1630.8m水平到1114m水平之間；開采深度為516.8m，臺階高度12m。采礦使用旋轉(zhuǎn)式鉆機，電鏟和卡車。運輸系統(tǒng)由若干輛卡車，一臺破碎站，一個溜井和電力機車組成。露天礦卡車和電鏟監(jiān)測調(diào)度信息系統(tǒng)主要由終端設(shè)備和監(jiān)控調(diào)度軟件組成。

94、</p><p>　　4.1軟件構(gòu)成及其功能</p><p>　　4.1.1地理信息系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控調(diào)度客戶端（GMDC）</p><p>　　地理信息系統(tǒng)監(jiān)調(diào)度客戶端可以安裝在監(jiān)測中心用來調(diào)度、監(jiān)控卡車和電鏟。其功能如下：</p><p>　　1）地圖操作：放大，縮小，漫游，并顯示分層地圖；查詢地圖上任何一點的坐標(biāo);計算任意兩個點之間的距離；計算任

95、意一個選定區(qū)域的面積；查詢?nèi)我饽繕?biāo)的地理信息等。 2）車輛顯示：顯示多個不同的卡車或電鏟，例如，根據(jù)不同的指令，卡車或電鏟顯示不同顏色和標(biāo)志。</p><p>　　3）回放歷史路徑：在電子地圖上，可以回放任一卡車在任意一段時間內(nèi)的行車路線。    4）確定卡車位置：在任何時候都可以查詢?nèi)我豢ㄜ嚨漠?dāng)前位置，速度，狀態(tài)和司機情況。   5）指令調(diào)度：監(jiān)控中

96、心可以發(fā)出文本形式的調(diào)度指令；卡車上自帶的終端可以清晰地顯示。</p><p>　　6）語音調(diào)度：監(jiān)控中心可以呼叫任何一個卡車上自帶的用于調(diào)度的終端，終端上的紅色指示燈會指示收到指令。 </p><p>　　7）終端信息反饋：卡車上的終端設(shè)備能將卡車原有的信息反饋給監(jiān)測中心，這樣調(diào)度中心可以及時的處理這些信息。</p><p>　　4.1.2 GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理客戶端

97、（GDPC）</p><p>　　GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理功能：記錄卡車的運行時間和電鏟裝載的次數(shù)。具體功能如下：   1）記錄卡車運行時間：在某一段時間內(nèi)，準(zhǔn)確記錄每一輛卡車從裝載點到卸車點的運行時間；這些時間段被用戶記錄保存；根據(jù)用戶需求，統(tǒng)計的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果可以被轉(zhuǎn)換成班次、月份和季度的報告形式。</p><p>　　2）電鏟裝載次數(shù)：準(zhǔn)確記錄一段時間內(nèi)任意一臺電鏟裝載的次

98、數(shù)，其他功能與“1）”相同。</p><p>　　4.1.3全球定位系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)處理服務(wù)器（GLDP）   該GPS處理服務(wù)器的主要功能是過濾信息，篩選和加工卡車和電鏟的定位數(shù)據(jù)，以提高準(zhǔn)確性性和統(tǒng)計的效率。</p><p>　　4.1.4數(shù)據(jù)通信控制服務(wù)器（DCCS） </p><p>　　通信控制服務(wù)器主要通過TCP/IP收集，傳輸數(shù)據(jù)，分析通信協(xié)

99、議和數(shù)據(jù)的分發(fā)；這一部分還負(fù)責(zé)業(yè)務(wù)處理（監(jiān)控，調(diào)度等）和其他數(shù)據(jù)連接（定位數(shù)據(jù)輸入，狀態(tài)，車輛更新等）。</p><p>　　4.1.5數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)（DBMS）   數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)主要負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)庫，根據(jù)車輛、司機和操作者的情況增加、刪除、修改或提取數(shù)據(jù)，并定期備份數(shù)據(jù)，然后刪除它。</p><p>　　4.2系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用程序安裝</p><p>　　整個

100、系統(tǒng)安裝的過程如下：    1）前期準(zhǔn)備：露天礦的地形是復(fù)雜的，通信信號不好，甚至有通信盲區(qū)。中國移動通信公司在該區(qū)域建立了通信基站和中繼器，解決了露天礦信號差的問題。</p><p>　　2）終端安裝：該類型的終端（HQ60006-T10）是由深圳華強集團有限公司提供的，在較早時期已經(jīng)有75輛卡車和電鏟安裝了該型號終端設(shè)備。</p><p>　　該終端主要由主機

101、、GPS天線、GPRS天線、顯示屏、紅色的指示燈、耳機、音箱以及麥克風(fēng)組成。安裝完畢后，終端需要調(diào)試。使用一個操作手柄來設(shè)置各主要部件的參數(shù)（號碼、網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議、端口等）。</p><p>　　3）軟件安裝：該系統(tǒng)有五個子系統(tǒng)。安裝結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖如圖3所示。數(shù)據(jù)通信控制系統(tǒng)連接在公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器；定位數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫管理服務(wù)器連接在公司的數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器；數(shù)據(jù)處理客戶端以及卡車和電鏟的監(jiān)控客戶端連接在露天礦監(jiān)測中心。&l