宋朝農業(yè)管理初探_20232.pdf

1、AbstractAgriculturewasadecisiveproductiondivisionofancienttimes；thestateofagriculturalproductionwascloselylinkedwiththenationaleconomyandthepeopleslivelihoodSo，everydynastyregardsmanagingprimarytaskofeconomicworkagricult

2、urallYasTherulerinheritedthethoughtoftraditionalattentionagricultureinSongDynastyusedthestateapparatus，andhadstrengthenedittoagriculturalmanagementLegislatefromaseriesofonmacroscopictheproduct／onguidancetothemicrocosmicw

3、ereallverycoIlgreteSongDynastywasadynastywhichpaidattentiontotheinstitutionalimprovementFrommanagementorganization，centralMinistryofRevenue，Ministryofworkeragriculturaltempleofdepartment，countymagistratesofficeroflocalst

4、ateandlocalsupervisoryorganallshoulderdutywhichmanageagriculture，Riseintheadviseagriculturallysystemoftheformergeneration，alreadyquitecompletebySongDynastyBesidestheemperorcultivatedinpersononthefield，hadsetuptheagricult

5、uralorganizationofadvisingfortheinsttimeAdviseagriculturaldepartment，hadinlocalofficialtitleofofficerinaddition，advisetheagriculturalpostFromcentralauthoritiestolocalityhasmadeaseriesofagriculturalregulationclauses，itsco

6、ntentconcernsallrespectsofagriculturalproduction，levycollectionwaterconservancybuild，fieldresidencetransaction，insectpestmanageAgriculturewasLaborintensiveindustrycarryoneffectivemanagementtotheagriculturallaboritistogua

7、ranteethepreconditioncarriedonsmoothlyinagriculturalproductionBecauseofthenaturalandmanmadecalamities，hadcausedalargenumberofvagrantsThegovernmenttookmeasuresofofferingthenleansofproduction，returningtherealestate，exempti

8、ngfromthetaxesandcurvesetcManypeasantsturnedtotheindustryandcommerceatthattimed，causedtheagriculturallaborteducerelativelyontheproportionThelocalofficertookallsortsofmethodstosolveTheimperialcourtcarvedandissuedtheagricu

9、lturalbookspublicationoftheformergenerationforenforcementmanytimes，mostlocalofficerspaidattentiontointroducingtheadvancedagriculturalproductiontechnologyintheareaofJiangsuandZhejiangProvincestoo，guidedpeasant’sproduction

10、，improvedpeasants’farmingtechniqueTheland，tothetraditionalsocietyrelyingmainlyonnaturaleconomywasundoubtedlythebasicmeansofproduction，notonlythesourcethatpeopledependedonforexistence，butalsotheimportantpillarofthenationa

11、lfiscalrevenuesBecauseofchaoscausedbywarandnaturaldisasterhadcausedalargeamountoflandtogooutofcultivationThegovernmenttookmanykindsofmeasures，encouragingcultivatingthewastelandfield，expandingthecultivatedareaWhileencoura

12、gingreclaimingwasteland，paygreatattentiontothebuildingofwaterconservancytoo；ellablefarmlandtoensurestableyieldsdespitedroughtorexcessiverainInaddition，topopularizingthefinecrop，expandthemultiplecroppingareas，improvedthel

13、andutilizationratio，andrelativelypaidattentiontotooIntheagrofarmingsocietyagriculturewasalwaysatradewithmeagerincome，mostpeasants’producelackingfundsandshortageoftoolofproduction，hadinfluencedagriculturalproductiontogoon

14、smoothlygreatlySongDynastythroughholdgovemmentagricultural1nan，regulatesbetweenrichfamilyanddebtcreditrelationofpeasant，exemptfromgovernmentagriculturaltax，etcmanykindsofmeasures，taxofdeviceandtradeoffarmcattlesolveSongD

15、ynastywasadynastywithcomparativelyfrequentnaturalcalamityAgriculturewastOliveonheaventoagreatextent；thenaturalcalamitywasgreattoagriculturalinfluenceInordertotaketheplaceoftl】efrequentnaturalcalamitysetupvariouskindsofst