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1、ARTICLEINPRESSWaterResearch38(2004)33403348IntegratedrealtimecontrolstrategyfnitrogenremovalinswinewastewatertreatmentusingsequencingbatchreactsJuHyunKimaMeixueChenbNaohiroKishidacRyuichiSudoaaCenterfEnvironmentalScience

2、inSaitama914KamitanadareKisaiSaitama3470115JapanbStateKeyLabatyofEnvironmentalAquaticChemistryResearchCenterfEcoEnvironmentalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100085P.O.Box2871ChinacDepartmentofEnvironmentalResource

3、sEngineeringWasedaUniversity341OkuboShinjukukuTokyo1698555JapanReceived7May2003receivedinrevisedfm29March2004accepted11May2004AbstractAnewintegratedrealtimecontrolsystemwasdesignedoperatedwithfluctuatinginfluentloadsfswi

4、newastewatertreatment.Thesystemwasoperatedwithautomaticadditioncontrolofanexternalcarbonsourceusingrealtimecontroltechnologywhichutilizedtheoxidationreductionpotential(P)thepHasparameterstocontroltheanoxicphaseoxicphaser

5、espectively.ThefluctuationsinswinewastewaterconcentrationareextremeaninfluentwithalowC=Nratioisdeficientinganiccarbonalowcarbonsourcelevelcanlimittheoverallbiologicaldenitrificationprocess.Consequentlyasufficientganicsou

6、rcemustbeprovidedfproperdenitrification.Thefeasibilityofusingswinewasteasanexternalcarbonsourcefenhancedbiologicalnitrogenremovalwasinvestigated.Therealtimecontrolmadeitpossibletooptimizethequantityofswinewasteaddedasthe

7、loadfluctuatedfromcycletocycle.TheaverageremovalefficienciesachievedfTOCnitrogenwereover94%96%respectivelyusingtheintegratedrealtimecontrolstrategy.r2004ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywds:DenitrificationExternalcarbons

8、ourcePRealtimecontrolSBRSwinewastewater1.IntroductionSwinewastewaterhaspreviouslybeenconsideredasoneofthemajsourcesofnitrogenpollutiondisgedintotheenvironment.Traditionalbiologicalremovalofnitrogenwasachievedbyasequenceo

9、fnitrificationdenitrificationprocesses.Sincethefluctuationsinswinewastewaterconcentrationareextremeduetothevaryingpracticesofmanuremanagementinrecentyearstherealtimecontrolprocessusingoxidationreductionpotential(P)pHaspa

10、rameters(Loetal.1994PlissonSauneetal.1996Crespondingauth.Tel.:81480738369fax:81480702031.Emailaddress:(J.H.Kim).Chapentieretal.1998Fuerhackeretal.2000)tocontroltheoxicanoxiccyclesofasystemhasreceivedmuchattentionfswinewa

11、stewatertreatment(Raetal.19981999Tilcheetal.2001)insequencingbatchreacts(SBRs).ComparedtothetraditionalprocessrealtimecontrolstrategyfabatchtreatmentprocessusingPpHwasselfadjustedtovarioustreatmentconditionssuchasinfluen

12、tstrengthtreatmentstatus.Thisresultedinflexiblehydraulicretentiontime(HRT)fromcycletocycle(Raetal.2000).Thehighstableremovalrateofnitrogenwasalsoachieved(Raetal.1998Chengetal.2000).AlthoughrealtimecontrolstrategybasedonP

13、pHhasbeenappliedtomanyswinewastewatertreatmentsystemsuntilnowthesuccessofthesystemshasnotbeenconvincingbecausemuchefftinthe00431354$seefrontmatterr2004ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016j.watres.2004.05.006ARTICLEI

14、NPRESS3342J.H.Kimetal.WaterResearch38(2004)33403348ThePpHDOprobeswereedintotheSBR.Theoutputsignalwasdirectedtoacomputer.Theinfluentpumpeffluentpumpaeratagitatswinewastepumpwerecontrolledbyarelayboxconnectedbyelectricalca

15、ble.OurexperimentwasstartedwithhighC=Nratioload(TOCTN1.5)influentwhichwascollectedafterscreeningtreatment.Afteroneweekofoperationthefluctuatinginfluentwascontinuouslyusedf8monthsinourexperiment.Swinewasteasanexternalcarb

16、onsourcewasaddedintotheSBRfcompletedenitrificationafteratimedeterminedbyourexperimentiftherewasinsufficientcarbonsourceintheinfluent.Fthepurposeofeasyautomaticcontrolapulsedinputpatternofswinewastewasusedtocompensatefthe

17、externalcarbonsource.DuringlowC=NloadinfluentcyclesthedilutedswinewastewaspumpedintotheSBRbyapulsemeteringpumpwithapulseof1gcyclethetimeintervalbetweenadditionswasdesignedtobe10min.Ifthequantityofswinewasteaddedwasdefici

18、entfcompletedenitrificationthenextadditioncyclewasstartedwhenthenitratekneepointwhichindicatestheendofdenitrificationappearedonthePprofiletheadditionofswinewastewasstopped.Therefethequantityofswinewasteaddedadaptedtofluc

19、tuationsinthewastewatertheoptimizationwaseasilyachievedbythepulsedinputpattern.2.2.InfluentswinewastewaterwasteseedsludgeTheswinewastewaterusedinthisstudywasobtainedfromalocalfarminSaitamaJapan.Thepracticalswinewastewate

20、rwithhighC=Nratio(TOCTNratio:methan1.2)lowC=Nratio(TOCTNratio:lessthan0.8)whichwasobtainedbefeaftercoagulationtreatmentrespectivelywasusedalternatelyintheexperiment.TheC=Nratiooftherawwastewaterwasmarkedlychangedbythesep

21、arationoffecesurine.TheTOCTNratiointhewastewaterwasvariedintherangeof0.451.53.Theswinewastewaterwasstedat4Cuntilrequired.Theswinewastewasobtainedfromthesamefarm.Pritousethewastewasscreenedusingasievewith0.5mmmeshopenings

22、toremovelargesolidsdilutedwithtapwaterthenusedasanexternalcarbonsourceinlowC=Nratioloadperiodsfcompletedenitrification.TheacteristicsofthedilutedswinewastearelistedinTable1.Theaverageconcentrationofmixedliqususpendedsoli

23、ds(MLSS)inthesystemwasmaintainedatapproximately7000mgL1.WhentheconcentrationofMLSSinthereactwasmethan8000mgL1sludgewasdrawnout.DuringtheexperimentperiodtheaverageSRTwas32days.Table1acteristicsofthedilutedswinewasteParame

24、tersMeanMinmaxStd.dev.mgL1(n15)TOC26167114105564017010BOD5902804637017220031850TN4529241868821741TP260015003810821TSS9172403950437202.3.SamplinganalyticalmethodsParametersroutinelyassayedincludedTOCBOD5totalnitrogen(TN)N

25、H4NNO3NNO2Ntotalphosphous(TP)PO4PMLSSmixedliquvolatilesuspendedsolids(MLVSS)totalsuspendedsolids(TSS).TrackanalysisthatcoveredtheentirecyclewascarriedoutathighlowC=Nratioload.Mixedliqusamplesweretakenduringtrackanalysis.

26、AnalysisfNH4NNO3NNO2Nwascarriedoutfeachtrackstudy.AnalysisfBOD5TSSMLSSMLVSSwasperfmedinaccdancewiththestardmethod(APHA1995).TheNH4NNO3NNO2NPO4Pwereanalyzedwithanionchromatograph(YokogawaIC7000).TheTOCwasanalyzedwithaShim

27、adzutotalganiccarbonanalyzer(TOC5000).TNTPwereanalyzedwithatotalnitrogenphosphousanalyzer(TN30TP30MitsubishiChemicalCp.)3.Resultsdiscussion3.1.RealtimecontrolpointinhighCNratioloadcyclesInhighC=Nratioloadcycleswithrealti

28、mecontroltechnologyusingPpHasanoxicoxiccontrolparametersatreatmentprocesscanbeoperatedeffectivelywithouttheadditionofanexternalcarbonsourcetoenhancethedenitrification.DuringtheinitialperiodwiththehighC=Nratioloadinfluent

29、relativeconstantfinaleffluentswereobtainedalongwithhighnutrientremoval.ThetypicalcontrolsetpointsareshowninFig.2.PointAisthefeedingpointafter5mintheanoxicphasewasstarted.FromthenutrientprofileitcanbeseenthatNO3Niscomplet

30、elydenitrifiedtonitrogengasthroughNO2Nwithin75minusingtheinfluentganicmaterialsasacarbonsource.PointBisknownasthenitratekneeinthePcurvewhichrepresentsthecompleteremovalofnitrate.Reptedlysulfatereductionthatproducessulfid

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