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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：TheroleofinsuranceinhealthcaremanagementinIndiaTheWldHealthganizationdefineshealthascompletephysicalmentalsocialwellbeingnotmerelytheabsenceofdiseaseinjury(Parekh2003).Accdinglyacountry’shealthsystemc

2、omprisesalltheganizationsinstitutionsresourcesdevotedtoproducehealthservices.HealthcarehasalwaysbeenaproblemareafIndiaanationwithalargepopulationasubstantialptionlivingbelowthepovertyline.Consequentlyhealthcareaccessequi

3、tybecomeimptantissueshealthinsurancehasnotbeendevelopedtoitsimmensepotentialinthewld’sfifthlargesteconomy.Anestimated1.3billionpeoplewldwidelackaccesstoeffectiveaffdablehealthcarewhilemethan150millionpeoplein44millionhou

4、seholdswldwideeveryyearfacefinancialruinasadirectresultoflargemedicalbills.Yetmostpolicymakershaveassumeduntilrecentlythatpofamiliesindevelopingcountries–whosesurvivalisprecarious–wouldnotpayhealthinsurancepremiumsevento

5、festallthecostsoffuturehospitalization(InternationalConferenceonSocialHealthInsuranceinDevelopingCountries2005).TableIsuggeststhatpublichealthcareisconcentratedinruralareasthatleantowardspreventionwhileprivateunitsarecur

6、ativeonlymainlytodiscouragemalpracticeissues.Furtherpublicdomainexpenditureismetbycenterstatelocalsocialinsurance.Ifweanalyzethesituationintheprivatedomainthemaximumcontributionisoutofpocketfollowedbypharmaceuticalindust

7、rysoon.InIndiauntilnowtheprimaryhealthcaresystemhasbeenmanagedmainlybylimitedgovernmenthealthcarefacilitiesotherpublichealthcaresystemsinatraditionalmodelofhealthfundingprovision.Howeverthisstructureisunabletomeetthedemf

8、rom200millionplushealthinsurableIndianpeople.Meoverithasbecomeexpensiveowingtohighhealthservicecostsinadequatephysicianselfhelpgroupsthatoperatetheirownhealthinsuranceschemes.ProbablythemostwellknownistheIndianSelfEmploy

9、edWomen’sAssociation(SEWA).FmemberstheschemegesanannualpremiumofRupees30toamaximumofRupees1200peryear.Thereisalsoafixeddepositoptioni.e.asetamountisdepositedwithahospitalirrespectiveofanyscheme.Theactualhealthcareschemei

10、srun(onagroupbasis)bythegovernmentownedinsurer–NewIndiaAssurancethereareanumberofhealthinsurancetypeplansalongSEWAlines(Sinha2005).IssuesconcernsThereisavarietyofproblemswithIndia’shealthcoverageplans.Thecommonnegativefa

11、ctsinclude(Parekh2003):GrosslyinferiservicewhentheplangiverESISCGHSetcownsfacilities.Rejectionunwarrantedreimbursementdelays.Servicelimitations–eitherlowpolicylimitsonreimbursementamountsrestrictsappliedtopreexistingchro

12、nicailments..Inadequateinfmationregardinghealthailmentsprocedurestreatmentscrespondingcostsoutcomes.Providermalpractice.Pricingfcomprehensivetotalcare.Inadequatemedicalcarecoverage.Internationalhealthinsurancerefm.Aneval

13、uationoftherefmmeasuresadoptedinsomedevelopedmarketslikeFranceGermanyfoundtheseresults(Parekh2003):Ashifttoeconomicmedicalefficiency.Theintroductionofhealthcareactivitybudgetingevaluation.Changesinthehealthriskcoveragein

14、troductionofgatekeepermechanismsdiffusionofhealthcarewks.Weakenedprovidersstrengthenedstate.Promotingcompetition.Healthrefmisnotneverwillbeadispassionatematterofingpolicyinstrumentsfromsomemenuofidealizedoptions.Anenligh

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