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1、<p><b>  課程設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p>  課程名稱: 機(jī)械原理 </p><p>  學(xué) 院: 機(jī)械工程學(xué)院 專 業(yè):機(jī)械制造及自動(dòng)化 </p><p>  姓 名:

2、 學(xué) 號(hào): </p><p>  年 級(jí): 2010級(jí) 任課教師: </p><p>  2013年1月18日</p><p>  貴州大學(xué)機(jī)械工程學(xué)院</p><p>  機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書(shū)題號(hào)03</p><p><b>  

3、半自動(dòng)鉆床</b></p><p>  一、設(shè)計(jì)題目及原始數(shù)據(jù)</p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)加工所示工件ф12mm孔的半自動(dòng)鉆床。進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)負(fù)責(zé)動(dòng)力頭的升降,送料機(jī)構(gòu)將被加工工件推入加工位置,并由定位機(jī)構(gòu)使被加工工件可靠固定。</p><p>  半自動(dòng)鉆床設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)參看下表。</p><p>  半自動(dòng)鉆床凸輪設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表</p&g

4、t;<p><b>  二、設(shè)計(jì)方案提示</b></p><p>  1.鉆頭由動(dòng)力頭驅(qū)動(dòng),設(shè)計(jì)者只需考慮動(dòng)力頭的進(jìn)刀(升降)運(yùn)動(dòng)。</p><p>  2. 除動(dòng)力頭升降機(jī)構(gòu)外,還需要設(shè)計(jì)送料機(jī)構(gòu)、定位機(jī)構(gòu)。各機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)要求見(jiàn)下表。</p><p><b>  機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)要求表</b></p>

5、;<p>  3. 可采用凸輪軸的方法分配協(xié)調(diào)各機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)。</p><p><b>  三、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)</b></p><p>  1.半自動(dòng)鉆床至少包括凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)、齒輪機(jī)構(gòu)在內(nèi)的三種機(jī)構(gòu);</p><p>  2.設(shè)計(jì)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)并確定其傳動(dòng)比分配,并在圖紙上畫(huà)出傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)圖;</p><p>  3. 圖紙上畫(huà)出

6、半自動(dòng)鉆床的機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)方案簡(jiǎn)圖和運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)圖;</p><p>  4.凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。按各凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的工作要求,自選從動(dòng)件的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,確定基圓半徑,校核最大壓力角與最小曲率半徑。對(duì)盤(pán)狀凸輪要用電算法計(jì)算出理論廓線、實(shí)際廓線值。畫(huà)出從動(dòng)件運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律線圖及凸輪廓線圖;</p><p>  5.設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算其他機(jī)構(gòu);</p><p>  6.編寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說(shuō)明書(shū);</p&g

7、t;<p><b>  目 錄</b></p><p>  一.機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理5</p><p>  二.功能分解圖,執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)作7</p><p><b>  三.機(jī)構(gòu)的選用8</b></p><p>  四.機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)總體方案圖16</p><p> 

8、 五.執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及尺寸計(jì)算18</p><p>  六.工作循環(huán)圖23</p><p>  七.proe運(yùn)動(dòng)分析25</p><p><b>  附錄26</b></p><p><b>  總結(jié)39</b></p><p><b>  參考文獻(xiàn)40&

9、lt;/b></p><p><b>  一、機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理</b></p><p>  1、機(jī)構(gòu)的工作原理:</p><p>  該系統(tǒng)由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),通過(guò)變速傳動(dòng)將電機(jī)的1450r/min降到主軸的1r/min,與傳動(dòng)軸相連的各機(jī)構(gòu)控制送料,定位,夾緊和進(jìn)刀等工藝動(dòng)作,最后由凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)通過(guò)齒輪傳動(dòng)帶動(dòng)齒條上下平穩(wěn)地運(yùn)動(dòng),這樣動(dòng)力頭也就能帶動(dòng)

10、刀具平穩(wěn)地上下移動(dòng)從而保證了較高的加工質(zhì)量。具體的選擇原理和工作原理如下:</p><p>  (1) 選擇電動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)需考慮的因素:電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇需考慮工作環(huán)境的影響;同時(shí)還要考慮是否工作可靠,操作簡(jiǎn)易,維修方便;除此之外,為了提高機(jī)械系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,還需考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)成本。</p><p>  (2) 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的作用:①把電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩變換為執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)所需的轉(zhuǎn)矩或力;②把電動(dòng)機(jī)輸出的轉(zhuǎn)矩變換為執(zhí)行

11、機(jī)構(gòu)所需的轉(zhuǎn)矩或力;③當(dāng)不可能用電動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)行調(diào)速時(shí),采用變速傳動(dòng)來(lái)滿足執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)速要求;④由于受機(jī)體的外形,尺寸的限制,或?yàn)榱税踩筒僮鞣奖?,?zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)不宜與原動(dòng)機(jī)直接連接時(shí),也需要用傳動(dòng)裝置來(lái)聯(lián)接。</p><p>  (3)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)選擇的原則:①對(duì)于小功率傳動(dòng),應(yīng)在考慮滿足性能的需要下,選用結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的傳動(dòng)裝置,盡可能降低初始費(fèi)用;②對(duì)大功率傳動(dòng),應(yīng)優(yōu)先考慮傳動(dòng)的效率,節(jié)約能源,降低運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)費(fèi)用和維修費(fèi)用;③當(dāng)執(zhí)行機(jī)

12、構(gòu)要求變速時(shí),若能與動(dòng)力機(jī)調(diào)速比相適應(yīng),可直接連接或采用定傳動(dòng)比的傳動(dòng)裝置;當(dāng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)要求變速范圍大,用動(dòng)力機(jī)調(diào)速不能滿足機(jī)械特性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性要求時(shí),則應(yīng)采用變傳動(dòng)比傳動(dòng);除執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)要求連續(xù)變速外,盡量采用有級(jí)變速。④主,從動(dòng)軸要求同步時(shí),應(yīng)采用無(wú)滑動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)裝置;⑤動(dòng)裝置的選用必須與制造水平相適應(yīng),盡可能選用專業(yè)廠生產(chǎn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)傳動(dòng)裝置,加減速器,變速器和無(wú)級(jí)變速器等。</p><p>  二、功能分解圖,執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)動(dòng)作&

13、lt;/p><p><b>  功能分解圖如下圖:</b></p><p>  半自動(dòng)鉆床的工作原理是利用轉(zhuǎn)頭的旋轉(zhuǎn)和進(jìn)刀切削掉工件的余料而得到工件尺寸形狀。工藝動(dòng)作過(guò)程由送料、定位、夾緊、鉆孔三部分組成。各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)由同一電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),隨著傳動(dòng)皮帶傳送動(dòng)力到定位機(jī)構(gòu)、夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)和送料機(jī)構(gòu),分別帶動(dòng)凸輪做轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)控制四桿機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)工件的定位和帶動(dòng)凸輪四桿機(jī)構(gòu)控制推桿做往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。&

14、lt;/p><p>  基本運(yùn)動(dòng)為:推桿的往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng),定位機(jī)構(gòu)與夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)和鉆頭的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。送料、定位、夾緊和進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)在凸輪軸不同轉(zhuǎn)角時(shí)候快慢行程不同。各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)之間的配合相互有序,滿足凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)角對(duì)應(yīng)的性能要求。</p><p><b>  三、機(jī)構(gòu)的選用</b></p><p>  根據(jù)前述設(shè)計(jì)要求,送料機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該做往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)。定位機(jī)構(gòu)也有休

15、止、快進(jìn)、快退過(guò)程。進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)有快進(jìn)和慢進(jìn)、快退和休止過(guò)程。此外三個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)之間還要滿足隨著凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)角不同完成動(dòng)作的過(guò)程不同且相互配合。這些運(yùn)動(dòng)要求不一定完全能夠達(dá)到,但必須保證三者之間相互滿足凸輪不同角度時(shí)候配合完好,以及送料機(jī)構(gòu)的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)的往復(fù)循環(huán)及各個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)的間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)。</p><p><b>  1、變速機(jī)構(gòu):</b></p><p>  如(圖3.1.1)

16、,由于電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速是1450r/min,而選用設(shè)計(jì)要求的主轉(zhuǎn)速為1r/min??梢岳眯行禽嗊M(jìn)行大比例的降速,然后用錐齒輪變向,采用該機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是機(jī)構(gòu)所占的空間較小,傳動(dòng)鏈比較短占用空間小。</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.1.1)</b></p><p>  對(duì)比機(jī)構(gòu):利用定軸輪系進(jìn)行減速,雖然能夠達(dá)到要求,但是齒輪的 配合級(jí)數(shù)過(guò)多,配合齒輪的齒數(shù)相差過(guò)大,

17、傳動(dòng)鏈比較長(zhǎng),所占用的總體空間比較大,如(圖3.1.2):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.1.2)</b></p><p><b>  2、送料機(jī)構(gòu):</b></p><p>  方案一:采用對(duì)心曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)如下圖,由于在空間上軸與軸之間的距離較大,并且曲柄回轉(zhuǎn)中心的位置不一定與工作臺(tái)在一個(gè)平面內(nèi),這是采用該種機(jī)構(gòu)要

18、考慮的首要問(wèn)題;用錐齒輪可以解決該問(wèn)題;優(yōu)點(diǎn)是容易設(shè)計(jì),加工成本低;機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如(圖3.2.1):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.2.1)</b></p><p><b>  對(duì)比機(jī)構(gòu):方案二:</b></p><p>  如下圖,采用槽輪機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行送料;這種機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是不需要用錐齒輪換向,直接將主軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換成為滑塊的

19、往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng);缺點(diǎn)是槽輪的加工精度要求較高,加工成本較高。機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖見(jiàn)(圖3.2.2):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.2.2)</b></p><p><b>  3、定位機(jī)構(gòu):</b></p><p> ?。?)定位系統(tǒng)采用的是一個(gè)對(duì)心直動(dòng)滾子從動(dòng)件盤(pán)型凸輪,因?yàn)槎ㄎ幌到y(tǒng)要有間歇,所以就要使用凸輪機(jī)構(gòu),但如果是平底推桿

20、從動(dòng)件,凸輪容易失真,若增加凸輪的基圓半徑,那么凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)就會(huì)很大,也不切實(shí)際,并且容易與其它機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)生干涉,所以采用一個(gè)對(duì)心直動(dòng)滾子從動(dòng)件盤(pán)型凸輪,可以滿足實(shí)際要求。(圖3.3.1)為機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖:</p><p><b>  (圖3.3.1)</b></p><p> ?。?)對(duì)比機(jī)構(gòu):該機(jī)構(gòu)用凸輪實(shí)現(xiàn)從動(dòng)件的間歇運(yùn)動(dòng),中間采用連桿機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行傳動(dòng),保證了傳動(dòng)的平穩(wěn)性,

21、但是也因?yàn)檫@樣使得機(jī)構(gòu)增加了運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞路徑的長(zhǎng)度。所以傳遞效率會(huì)比較低,實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)加工和組裝比較困難;機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如(圖3.3.2):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.3.2)</b></p><p><b>  4、夾緊機(jī)構(gòu):</b></p><p>  (1)夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律類似于定位機(jī)構(gòu),系統(tǒng)有間歇,也需要用凸輪機(jī)構(gòu),優(yōu)

22、點(diǎn)是利用機(jī)架的一側(cè)作為定位基準(zhǔn),可以減小運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的誤差,夾緊位置比較準(zhǔn)確;機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如(圖3.4.1):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.4.1)</b></p><p> ?。?)對(duì)比機(jī)構(gòu):該機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式和規(guī)律與(1)完全相同,不同的是夾緊頭不一樣,該機(jī)構(gòu)采用的是兩側(cè)同時(shí)向工件中心運(yùn)動(dòng)的形式來(lái)夾緊的,該機(jī)構(gòu)夾緊易出現(xiàn)誤差,運(yùn)動(dòng)難控制,加工和組裝的要求比較高;機(jī)構(gòu)

23、簡(jiǎn)圖如(圖3.4.2):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.4.2)</b></p><p><b>  5、進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu):</b></p><p>  方案一:為了達(dá)到輸出間歇運(yùn)動(dòng)同時(shí)能夠做到循環(huán)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng),采用凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)和齒條,頂桿和齒條固結(jié)中間采用齒輪帶動(dòng)。先把回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)動(dòng)力轉(zhuǎn)化為齒條的上下運(yùn)動(dòng),再通過(guò)齒輪傳遞給連接刀具的齒

24、條,從而使刀具進(jìn)行進(jìn)刀。該機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是傳動(dòng)鏈較短,易于生產(chǎn)加工和組裝;機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如(圖3.5.1):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.5.1)</b></p><p><b>  方案二:對(duì)比機(jī)構(gòu):</b></p><p>  采用一個(gè)擺動(dòng)滾子從動(dòng)件盤(pán)行凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)傳遞齒輪齒條機(jī)構(gòu)。因?yàn)槲覀冇靡粋€(gè)擺動(dòng)滾子從動(dòng)件盤(pán)行凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)

25、來(lái)傳遞齒輪機(jī)構(gòu),當(dāng)進(jìn)刀的時(shí)候,凸輪在推程階段運(yùn)行,容易通過(guò)機(jī)構(gòu)傳遞帶動(dòng)齒輪齒條嚙合。帶動(dòng)動(dòng)力頭來(lái)完成鉆孔,擺桿轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的幅度也是等于齒廓轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的幅度,兩個(gè)齒輪來(lái)傳動(dòng)也具有穩(wěn)定性。但是此種機(jī)構(gòu)增加了運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞路徑。所以傳遞效率會(huì)比較低,綜合考慮,總體設(shè)計(jì)仍采用方案一;對(duì)比機(jī)構(gòu)的機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如(圖3.5.2):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.5.2)</b></p><p> 

26、 6、繪制機(jī)械系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換功能,如(圖3.6):</p><p><b> ?。▓D3.6) </b></p><p>  四、機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)總體方案圖</p><p>  1、根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換功能,由下表可以求出半自動(dòng)鉆床系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方案數(shù)為:1×2×2×2×2×2=32種</p><

27、;p>  根據(jù)功能原理,工藝分解過(guò)程及執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇,確定了以下運(yùn)動(dòng)方案,如(圖4.1):</p><p><b> ?。▓D4.1)</b></p><p>  根據(jù)各機(jī)構(gòu)分析,運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖確定本設(shè)計(jì)中半自動(dòng)鉆床的總體方案圖如下圖,該圖表示了上圖形態(tài)學(xué)矩陣中用實(shí)線連接的方案的運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖。電動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)帶傳動(dòng)將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞到行星輪系,傳到行星架的轉(zhuǎn)速為1000r/min,通過(guò)行

28、星輪系減速后將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞到主軸,使主軸的轉(zhuǎn)速降為1r/min;接下來(lái)通過(guò)主軸帶動(dòng)錐齒輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng),再通過(guò)兩次錐齒輪傳動(dòng)后,便可將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳到曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)送料滑塊的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng);同時(shí)主軸也將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞到定位、夾緊和進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)的凸輪,定位凸輪將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞到定位桿,使定位桿實(shí)現(xiàn)往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng);夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)跟定位機(jī)構(gòu)的相同;進(jìn)刀凸輪將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳到齒條,齒條再通過(guò)齒輪將運(yùn)動(dòng)傳遞給動(dòng)力頭,使動(dòng)力頭實(shí)現(xiàn)往復(fù)進(jìn)刀運(yùn)動(dòng);機(jī)械系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方案簡(jiǎn)圖見(jiàn)附錄(圖4.2)。</p&

29、gt;<p>  五、執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及尺寸計(jì)算</p><p>  1、減速機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算:如(圖5.1),因?yàn)閭鲃?dòng)比到達(dá)到1450:1,所以先用帶傳動(dòng)減速,然后再用行星輪系減速。兩個(gè)傳送輪的半徑分別設(shè)定為145和100,使的H 的轉(zhuǎn)速降到1000r/min。分別設(shè)定齒輪1,2,2’,3的模數(shù)為1,齒數(shù)分別為37,25,27,40。由此可算的傳送比為1000:1,達(dá)到減速效果。</p><

30、;p><b>  (圖5.1)</b></p><p><b>  2、送料機(jī)構(gòu)計(jì)算:</b></p><p>  如(圖5.2),該機(jī)構(gòu)為對(duì)心曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu),無(wú)急回特性,極位夾角為0;任務(wù)書(shū)中進(jìn)料機(jī)構(gòu)即滑塊的行程為40即兩極位C1和C2之間的距離為40,所以B1點(diǎn)到B2點(diǎn)之間的距離為40,所以AB取20,為滿足運(yùn)動(dòng)要求,取 BC=60;當(dāng)運(yùn)

31、動(dòng)開(kāi)始時(shí),即:當(dāng)B點(diǎn)位于極位B1時(shí),A點(diǎn)與極位C1點(diǎn)之間的距離為40,使滑塊循環(huán)推動(dòng)工件從而達(dá)到送料效果。</p><p><b> ?。▓D5.2)</b></p><p>  3、定位凸輪的設(shè)計(jì):</p><p>  如(圖5.3),由任務(wù)書(shū)中定位機(jī)構(gòu)的工作行程為30,為了滿足實(shí)際需要,將凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律分為5段,分別為近休、推程(快進(jìn)、工進(jìn))、

32、遠(yuǎn)休、回程;在原有的行程上加入一段快進(jìn)的空行程10,從而得到定位凸輪的近休到遠(yuǎn)休的距離為40,即凸輪的行程為40,設(shè)定凸輪的基圓半徑為50,參照前面的定位機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖并結(jié)合考慮總體的空間位置,取B的長(zhǎng)度為160,C的長(zhǎng)度為108,D為152,A(主軸)到工作臺(tái)的縱向距離為100,橫向?yàn)?0,頂桿的直徑為4;結(jié)合工作循環(huán)圖,利用凸輪設(shè)計(jì)軟件可設(shè)計(jì)出凸輪的輪廓形式和相關(guān)參數(shù):見(jiàn)附錄(圖5.3.1)</p><p>

33、<b> ?。▓D5.3)</b></p><p>  4、夾緊凸輪的設(shè)計(jì):</p><p>  如(圖5.4),待加工的工件的最大直徑為40,將凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律分為5段,分別為近休、推程(快進(jìn)、工進(jìn))、遠(yuǎn)休、回程;設(shè)定夾緊塊的快進(jìn)空行程為10,夾緊時(shí)的行程為5,從而得到定位凸輪的近休到遠(yuǎn)休的距離為15,即凸輪的行程為15,設(shè)定凸輪的基圓半徑為50,參照前面的夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖,

34、B的長(zhǎng)度取30,C取104,D取80;結(jié)合工作循環(huán)圖,利用凸輪設(shè)計(jì)軟件可設(shè)計(jì)出凸輪的輪廓形式和相關(guān)參數(shù):見(jiàn)附錄(圖5.4.1)</p><p><b> ?。▓D5.4)</b></p><p>  5、進(jìn)刀凸輪的設(shè)計(jì):</p><p>  如(圖5.5),將凸輪運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律分為5段,分別為近休、推程(快進(jìn)、工進(jìn))、遠(yuǎn)休、回程;由于工件的鉆孔深度為1

35、8,所以設(shè)定鉆頭的工進(jìn)行程為20,另外再設(shè)定鉆頭的快進(jìn)空行程為20,從而得到定位凸輪的近休到遠(yuǎn)休的距離為40,即凸輪的行程為40,設(shè)定凸輪的基圓半徑為50,參照進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),A到B的縱向距離取180,橫向距離取50,A到主軸之間的距離取140,傳動(dòng)齒輪的模數(shù)m=1,齒數(shù)z=100;結(jié)合工作循環(huán)圖,利用凸輪設(shè)計(jì)軟件可設(shè)計(jì)出凸輪的輪廓形式和相關(guān)參數(shù):見(jiàn)附錄(圖5.5.1)</p><p><b> 

36、?。▓D5.5)</b></p><p><b>  六、工作循環(huán)圖</b></p><p>  機(jī)械系統(tǒng)方案的執(zhí)行件需要進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)。由于系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)率為1個(gè)/min。根據(jù)機(jī)構(gòu)凸輪設(shè)計(jì)有:</p><p>  1、送料機(jī)構(gòu):原動(dòng)件從0度轉(zhuǎn)到180度為送料過(guò)程,占60秒中的30秒。從180度到360度為回程。</p>

37、<p>  2、夾緊機(jī)構(gòu):凸輪從0度到150度為遠(yuǎn)休,從150度到180度為快速回程,由其機(jī)構(gòu)的位置可知位移為-10,180度到200度為回程,位移為-5,200度到300度為近休,300度到360度為推程,位移為15。</p><p>  3、定位機(jī)構(gòu):凸輪從0度到60度為遠(yuǎn)休,從60度到100度為快速回程,由其機(jī)構(gòu)的位置可知位移為-10,100度到170度為回程,位移為-30,170度到300度為近

38、休,300度到360度為推程,位移為40。</p><p>  4、進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu):凸輪從0度到160度為近休,160度到200度為推程(快進(jìn)),位移為20(令刀具初始位置到機(jī)架的距離為40),從200 度到280度為推程(工進(jìn)),位移為20,從280到300度為遠(yuǎn)休,從300度到360度為回程,位移為﹣40。</p><p>  從而得到圖(6.1)所示工作循環(huán)圖:</p>

39、<p><b>  圖(6.1)</b></p><p>  七、proe運(yùn)動(dòng)分析</p><p>  1、送料機(jī)構(gòu):送料機(jī)構(gòu)為曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu),在給定曲柄一個(gè)角速度后,從動(dòng)件(滑塊)的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,三維模型見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.1);</p><p> ?。?)滑塊的位移曲線見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.1.1);</p><p>  (2

40、)滑塊的速度曲線見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.1.2);</p><p> ?。?)滑塊的加速度曲線見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.1.3);</p><p>  2、定位機(jī)構(gòu)的proe實(shí)體效果圖:見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.2);</p><p>  3、夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的proe實(shí)體效果圖:見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.3);</p><p>  4、進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)的proe實(shí)體效果圖:見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.4);<

41、/p><p>  5、減速機(jī)構(gòu)的proe實(shí)體效果圖:見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.5);</p><p>  6、錐齒輪傳動(dòng)proe效果圖: 見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.6);</p><p>  7、總裝配實(shí)體效果圖:見(jiàn)附錄(圖7.7)。</p><p><b>  附錄:</b></p><p> ?。▓D4.2)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)方

42、案簡(jiǎn)圖</p><p>  圖5.3.1)定位凸輪設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果</p><p> ?。▓D5.4.1)夾緊凸輪設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果</p><p>  (圖5.5.1)進(jìn)刀凸輪設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果</p><p> ?。▓D7.1)送料機(jī)構(gòu)三維圖</p><p> ?。▓D7.1.1)送料機(jī)構(gòu)滑塊位移曲線圖</p><p>  

43、(圖7.1.2)送料機(jī)構(gòu)滑塊速度曲線圖</p><p> ?。▓D7.1.3)送料機(jī)構(gòu)滑塊加速度曲線圖</p><p> ?。▓D7.2)定位機(jī)構(gòu)三維效果圖</p><p>  (圖7.3)夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)三維效果圖</p><p> ?。▓D7.4)進(jìn)刀機(jī)構(gòu)三維效果圖</p><p> ?。▓D7.5)減速機(jī)構(gòu)三維效果圖</p

44、><p> ?。▓D7.6)錐齒輪三維效果圖</p><p>  (圖7.7)總體三維效果圖</p><p><b>  總結(jié)</b></p><p>  通過(guò)本次的課程設(shè)計(jì),使我對(duì)機(jī)械原理的實(shí)際應(yīng)用有了很大的體驗(yàn)。不同于平時(shí)我們課本所學(xué)習(xí)的知識(shí),在實(shí)踐運(yùn)用中知識(shí)只成為了工具。當(dāng)然實(shí)踐的應(yīng)用加強(qiáng)了對(duì)課本知識(shí)的理解。此次課程設(shè)計(jì)

45、碰到了很多的問(wèn)題,平時(shí)我們的學(xué)習(xí)中總是注意技巧性,但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中,所有的數(shù)據(jù)都得自己設(shè)計(jì),然后計(jì)算。所以對(duì)合理性要求就更高,只是單純的想象所得數(shù)據(jù)根本不能滿足三維的畫(huà)圖。更主要的是我們此次利用三維軟件來(lái)進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)分析更是讓我們的知識(shí)與實(shí)踐結(jié)合。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中雖然遇到了一些問(wèn)題,但經(jīng)過(guò)一次又一次的思考,一遍又一遍的檢查終于找出了原因所在,也暴露出了我在這方面的知識(shí)欠缺和經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足。實(shí)踐出真知,通過(guò)親自動(dòng)手制作,使我們掌握的知識(shí)不再是紙上談兵。&

46、lt;/p><p>  這次課程設(shè)計(jì)讓我感受到了設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中的艱辛。對(duì)于從來(lái)沒(méi)有經(jīng)歷過(guò)親身設(shè)計(jì)的我來(lái)說(shuō),剛開(kāi)始的時(shí)候感覺(jué)很渺茫,感覺(jué)根本無(wú)從下手。在老師的悉心指導(dǎo)下,根據(jù)任務(wù)書(shū)和指導(dǎo)書(shū)上的要求,結(jié)合自己平時(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)和查閱大量資料才順利完成了這次機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì),通過(guò)這次課程設(shè)計(jì),使我更加深入的理解了一些簡(jiǎn)單機(jī)構(gòu)組件的作用!為以后的實(shí)際工作奠定了基礎(chǔ)!最重要的是通過(guò)本次課程設(shè)計(jì)讓我體會(huì)到了將理論知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為生產(chǎn)實(shí)際所需的

47、重要性。</p><p><b>  參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>  [1]牛鳴岐 王保民 余述凡《機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》重慶大學(xué)出版社,2001.11</p><p>  [2]孫桓 陳作模 葛文杰《機(jī)械原理》第七版,高等教育出版社,2006.5</p><p>  [3]林清安Proe/ENGINNEER Wi

48、ldfire系列教程</p><p>  g an employment tribunal claim</p><p>  Employment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees.</p><p>  You may need to make a claim to an

49、employment tribunal if:</p><p>  you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you</p><p>  your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismis

50、sed unfairly.</p><p>  For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal.</p><p>  You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appeal

51、ed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal.</p><p&

52、gt;  Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time l

53、imit, the tribunal will not usually accept it.</p><p>  If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help.</p><p&g

54、t;  Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation.</p><p>  Most people find making a claim to a

55、n employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help.</p><p> 

56、 If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. I

57、n England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.</p><p>  If you are thinking about signing up for  a damages-based agreement, you s

58、hould make sure you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those tha

59、t give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.</p><p>  For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.</p><p>  The (lack of) air up the

60、re </p><p>  Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier

61、League match at Chelsea on Sunday.</p><p>  "I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport.</p><p>  "For me it's about how he

62、 felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."</p><p>  Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans&q

63、uot; during City's 2-1 win.</p><p>  Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.</p><p

64、>  CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."</p><p>  Age has re

65、ached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment

66、, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.</p&g

67、t;<p>  一字開(kāi)頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?;蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個(gè)不同的日子過(guò)成了同一天的樣子;或許是追溯過(guò)去,對(duì)自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟,這些天以來(lái),思緒一直很凌亂,在腦海中不斷糾纏??傆X(jué)得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫(xiě)點(diǎn)什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺,突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情,非做不可了。</p><p>  The end of our life, and can me

68、et many things really do?</p><p>  而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?</p><p>  During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be m

69、ore and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that

70、isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school chil</p><p>  童年時(shí),覺(jué)得壓歲錢(qián)和新衣服是過(guò)年必備,但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn),會(huì)越來(lái)

71、越發(fā)現(xiàn),那些東西根本就可有可無(wú);初中時(shí),以為要有一場(chǎng)暗戀才意味著真正的成長(zhǎng),但三年過(guò)去后,自己心平氣和的寫(xiě)同學(xué)錄的時(shí)候,突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長(zhǎng)了,好像并沒(méi)有那么重要了;然后到了高中,覺(jué)得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個(gè)句點(diǎn),但畢業(yè)晚會(huì)的時(shí)候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉,后來(lái)再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場(chǎng),看著他投過(guò)籃球的球框時(shí),突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。</p><p>  Origin

72、ally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.</p><p>  原來(lái),這個(gè)世界上,對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決,還有,時(shí)間。</p><p>  A person's time, you

73、r ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally fo

74、und that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.</p><p>

75、  一個(gè)人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的,不想要的,界限明確,好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事,但更多的時(shí)候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過(guò)自己的怯懦,最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分,有很多錯(cuò)過(guò),好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可,只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑,或者說(shuō),是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。</p><p>  At the moment, the sky i

76、s dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of

77、the encounter that haven't start planning... Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.</p><p>  此刻,天空是陰暗的,空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫;那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙;那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼;還有那場(chǎng)還沒(méi)有開(kāi)

78、始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計(jì)劃……那些年那些天的非做不可,終于和青春一樣,都將在我們的人生中謝幕。</p><p>  Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm

79、 -- winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather

80、 lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising al</p><p>  The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.</p>&l

81、t;p>  The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (</p><p>  Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.</p>

82、<p>  Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the dee

83、p end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. </p><p>  Skydiver preps for the big jump</p><p>  When he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound -- 690 mph (1,110

84、 kph) -- in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.</p><p>  I

85、f he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) ma

86、in chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).</p><p>  In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open au

87、tomatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.</p><p>  Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no pa

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