計算機外文翻譯3

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1、　　外文翻譯　　原文1：Flying Buddha Memory Game　　譯文1：飛行佛存儲游戲　　原文2：Blender Basic Network setup - Boil it down to the basics&l

2、t;p>　　譯文2：Blender基本網絡設置,將其概括為基礎　　Flying Buddha Memory Game　　"Flying Buddha" is a game designed by Freid Lachnowicz (artwork, models, textures) and me (Carsten Wartma

3、nn, Python and game logic). The goal of the game is to find pairs of gongs, like in the good old "Memory" game. 　　Besides that, it also includes some action elements, like the dragonfly whi

4、ch will become angry (note the indicator on the top-right) if you jump too high. Also it requires some good timing for the controls of the Buddha. The Buddha's goal, reaching "Zen" is completed when he has

5、found all pairs. For competitions the time needed to solve will be displayed on screen. 　　Load the game Games/FlyingBuddha.blend from the DVD and have fun playing it! 　　Accessing

6、 game objects 　　Accessing individual objects from Blenders game engine is not trivial. In the "Flying Buddha" game, I needed a possibility of randomly shuffling the gongs at game start. <

7、;/p>　　Generally speaking, it is a good thing to have as much game logic as possible contained on the object that needs that logic. This helps when re-using this object in the same or even different (Blender

8、) scenes. So my first idea was to let the gongs choose a new position themselves. But this soon turned out to be too complicated, because of synchronizing problems and complex logic in the gongs. 　　I

9、 then decided to use an object to control the shuffling process, and have the information about the other objects including their positions is gathered by a Near Sensor. This approach has many advantages. For example we

10、can filter out whole groups of objects with the "Property:" field, we are not bound to a fixed number of objects etc. 　　LogicBricks 　　Load the file Tutorials/FlyingBudd

11、ha/FlyingBuddha_simple.blend from the DVD. It contains a simpler version of the "Flying Buddha" game, which does not contain all the intro scenes but is fully functional (press CTRL-LEFT for a full screen view)

12、. Use this file to explore the Game Logic. 　　The difference in the full game and this tutorial file are build-in debugging and testing logic. Most notably is that you can test the re-shuffling of the

13、 gongs every time by pressing SPACE. The logic for this is on the "Flamethrower" object (on layer 4). 　　Have a look at Figure [fb-lbs] the interesting parts in this context are the Sensors

14、"mixitbaby" and "near". Both are connected to a Python Controller, which is then connected to a Message Actuator. Also note the "shuffle" Property, this controls the number of swapped pairs.

15、 The other Bricks are not related to the shuffling, they are needed for other game parts. 　　Figure [fb-lbs]. LogicBricks for shuffling the gongs　　As you can see, the Near Sensor

16、only looks for objects carrying a Property with the name "num". Also make sure that the "Dist:" setting is high enough for the Near Sensor to cover all objects. 　　The Python Contr

17、oller will be called every frame by the Property Sensor as long the Property "num" is in the range from 1 to 1000. 　　Shuffle Python script 　　Open a Text Window (SHIFT-F

18、11) and choose the script "Shuffle.py" with the Menu Button. 　　# Shuffle script, swaps positions of two gongs　　import GameLogic　　def ranint(min,max

19、):　　return(int(GameLogic.getRandomFloat()*(max+1-min)+min))　　contr = GameLogic.getCurrentController()　　owner = contr.getOwner()　　key

20、= contr.getSensor("mixitbaby")　　near = contr.getSensor("near")　　mess = contr.getActuator("shuffled")　　# collects all gongs<

21、;/p>　　objs=near.getHitObjectList()　　if key.isTriggered() and len(objs)==20:　　owner.shuffle = owner.shuffle - 1　　if owner.shuffle<0:</

22、p>　　GameLogic.addActiveActuator(mess,1)　　else:　　g1 = ranint(0,19)　　g2 = ranint(0,19)　　pos1 = objs[g1].g

23、etPosition()　　pos2 = objs[g2].getPosition()　　objs[g1].setPosition(pos2)　　objs[g2].setPosition(pos1)　　Listing [fb-py]. Script to shuffle

24、the gongs　　So lets have a look into the script. The lines 1 to 12 contain the usual initialization, and getting information about the Controller, Sensors, Actuators and the owner which is needed to a

25、ccess Properties. The definition of a new function in line 5 is used to make a random function which returns an integer number in a specified range. This will save us much typing later. 　　In line 15

26、the first important step is done, using the method getHitObjectList() of the "near" object, we collect all game objects within the Near Sensors range into the list "objs". 　　Line

27、17 tests if the Property Sensor ("key") is triggered and if all objects (the gongs) are collected in the "objs" list. This is necessary to avoid Python script errors due to uninitialized objects. <

28、/p>　　In line 18 we decrement the Property "shuffle" by one to keep track how many swaps we already did. 　　The if-block beginning in line 19 executes the Message Sensor connect

29、ed to the Python Controller if the Property "shuffle" is less then zero, the message can then be used to start the game. 　　The else-block is executed when "owner.shuffle" is bigge

30、r than zero. This means that gongs need to be swapped. 　　In lines 22-23 we get two random numbers into the variables "g1" and "g2". The numbers will be in a range from 0 to 19 bec

31、ause we have 4x5=20 gongs. "g1" and "g2" are the indices of the gongs we want to swap in the next lines. Note that lists in python start with the element "0". 　　In the l

32、ines 25-26 the script reads the positions of the gong-objects using the random indices. The method used here is getPosition(). You can insert a print pos1,pos2 statement after line 26 to actually see the gong positions w

33、hile running the game. 　　Python is an auto documenting language. Use a print dir(object) statement to find out what methods an object provides. 　　The final two lines then swap th

34、e positions of the two gongs. The first object indexed as objs[g1] is set to "pos2" which is the position of the first gong. Same for the other gong. You can see the shuffling process in the game itself by look

35、ing at the gongs from the backside. 　　In this tutorial I showed you how to use Python in the game engine to access and change objects in a scene. We used this approach to keep the game logic local on

36、 the objects. If you are used to non object-oriented programming languages or systems, this may appear strange to you at first. But this approach has many advantages. For example, you don't need to change the logic w

37、hile editing your scenes or adding objects, the script will even work when adding objects while running the game. Also, re-　　飛行佛存儲游戲　　“飛行佛”是Freid Lachnowicz和我設

38、計的一個游戲Freid Lachnowic 負責(藝術品、模型、紋理)而我負責(Carsten Wartmann,Python腳本和游戲邏輯)。這款游戲的目標是找到雙鑼,就像在過去的美好的存儲游戲。　　除此之外,它還包括一些動作元素,例如，如果你跳太高了，蜻蜓將變得憤怒(注意指示器右上角)。還需要注意控制佛陀的時機。佛陀的目標,是發(fā)現所有對“禪”。對于完成比賽所需的時間將顯示在屏幕上。</

39、p>　　訪問游戲對象　　從Blender游戲引擎中訪問單個對象是很重要的。在“飛行佛”的游戲里,在游戲開始時，我需要一個隨機打亂的鑼鼓。　　一般來說,這是一件好事，游戲邏輯上盡可能地包含需要這種邏輯的對象。這有助于當重用這個對象在相同的或甚至不同(Blender)的場景。所以我第一個想法

40、是讓鑼選擇一個新的位置。但這很快被證明過于復雜,因為同步問題和復雜的邏輯。　　然后我決定使用一個對象來控制隨機的過程,并包含其他對象的信息,包括他們的位置是聚集在附近的傳感器。這種方法有許多優(yōu)點。例如我們可以過濾掉整個對象組與“屬性:”字段,我們不是綁定到一個固定的對象數量等。　　邏輯塊<

41、;p>　　從DVD里加載文件 Tutorials/FlyingBuddha/FlyingBuddha_simple.blend。它包含一個簡單版本的“飛行佛”的游戲,它不包含所有介紹的場景,但功能齊全(按CTRL-LEFT進入全屏視圖)。使用這個文件來探索游戲邏輯。　　完整的游戲和本教程文件的區(qū)別是內置的調試和測試邏輯。最明顯的是,您可以按SPACE測試變換鑼的空間位置。這個邏輯是在“Fl

42、amethrower”對象(第4層)。　　看一看圖[fb-lbs]有趣的部分是傳感器”mixitbaby”和“near”。兩者都是連接到一個Python控制器,然后連接到一個消息執(zhí)行機構。還請注意“重置”屬性,它控制對數量的交換。其他和洗牌不相關的塊,是游戲的其他部分所需要的。　　正如您可以看到的, Near傳感器只尋找攜帶一個屬性名稱“num”的對象。

43、同時確保" Dist:“設置足夠高的值以保證Near傳感器覆蓋所有對象。　　當屬性傳感器的"num"值為1到1000時，Python控制器的每一幀都會被調用。　　圖[fb-lbs] 重置鑼鼓的邏輯塊　　重置的Python腳本　　打開一個文本窗

44、口（SHIFT-F11）然后選擇菜單按鈕里的腳本"Shuffle.py"。　　# Shuffle script, swaps positions of two gongs　　import GameLogic　　def ranint(min,max):

45、　return(int(GameLogic.getRandomFloat()*(max+1-min)+min))　　contr = GameLogic.getCurrentController()　　owner = contr.getOwner()　　key = contr.getSensor("

46、mixitbaby")　　near = contr.getSensor("near")　　mess = contr.getActuator("shuffled")　　# collects all gongs　　objs

47、=near.getHitObjectList()　　if key.isTriggered() and len(objs)==20:　　owner.shuffle = owner.shuffle - 1　　if owner.shuffle<0:　　GameLo

48、gic.addActiveActuator(mess,1)　　else:　　g1 = ranint(0,19)　　g2 = ranint(0,19)　　pos1 = objs[g1].getPosition()

49、　　pos2 = objs[g2].getPosition()　　objs[g1].setPosition(pos2)　　清單[fb-py] 重置鑼鼓的腳本　　所以讓我們看看腳本。行1到12包含通常的初始化和獲取信息的控制器、傳感器、執(zhí)行器和使用者需要用它來訪問屬性。一個新函數的定義在第5行是用

50、來制造一個隨機函數,該函數返回一個在指定范圍內的整數。這將為我們之后節(jié)省大量的輸入。　　在第15行第一個重要步驟完成之后,使用“near”對象的方法getHitObjectList(),我們收集在Near傳感器范圍內的所有游戲物體到列表”objs”。　　第17行測試如果屬性傳感器(“key”)被觸發(fā),如果所有對象(鑼)收集在“objs”列表。這是必要的,

51、以避免Python腳本由于未初始化的對象而產生錯誤。　　在第18行我們用一個跟蹤我們已經參與了多少互換的變量來遞減屬性“shuffle”。　　這個if塊開始在第19行執(zhí)行消息傳感器連接到Python控制器如果屬性“shuffle”是少于零,消息可以用來啟動游戲。　　當"owner.shuffle&quo

52、t;大于零時，else塊被執(zhí)行。這意味著鑼需要交換。　　在22行到23行我們有 “g1”和“g2”兩個隨機變量。這些數字的取值將在0到19的范圍內，因為我們有4 x5 = 20鑼?！癵1”和“g2”是我們想在下一行交換的鑼的指數。注意,列表在python中開始元素“0”。　　在25 – 26行,該腳本讀取鑼位置使用隨機指標。此處使用的方法是getPosi

53、tion()。你可以插入一個打印pos1,pos2語句之后,第26行實際上運行游戲時能看到鑼的位置。　　Python是一種自動記錄語言。使用一個打印dir(對象)語句來找出一個對象提供了方法。　　最后的兩行是交換兩個鑼的位置。第一個對象索引作為objs[g1]設置為“pos2”位置的第一個鑼。對于其他鑼也一樣。從鑼鼓的后面你可以看到重置的過程。</

54、p>　　在本教程中,我向您展示了如何使用Python的游戲引擎在一個場景中訪問和更改對象。我們使用這種方法來使游戲邏輯作用在本地對象上。如果你是用于非面向對象的編程語言或系統(tǒng),對你來說一開始這可能顯得很奇怪。但是這種方法有許多優(yōu)點。例如,您不需要更改邏輯而編輯你的場景或添加對象,甚至在游戲運行時該腳本也能正常工作添加對象。同時,該邏輯重用在其他場景也容易得多。　　Bl

55、ender Basic Network setup - Boil it down to the basics　　by “Old Jim” Coulter　　Making games and playing them is a lot of fun, but it is even more fun if you can make games to play

56、together with your friends. I will show you how to “cook” a basic network setup in blender. SinceBlenders game engine has no build in network support we have to do it in Python, for this you need a matching Python inst

57、allation for Blender. Take a close look at the terminal or dos-box output whenBlender starts, it will tell you which version it needs and if the import worked. 　　Ingredients 　　I

58、P: Unique Computer name　　LAN IP: Only accessible inside the local network　　Internet IP: Accessible form all over the world (when routers and firewalls allows it)<p

59、>　　Port: Access line to a specific communication　　Socket: Transmitting and receiving station.　　Libraries: Importing cookbooks (modules) from the Python Library gives blender i

60、nfo on how toprepare a special meal　　Logic Bricks: central switching station of the Blender game engine.　　Objects: We will use 2 cubes which we can move around and these movemen

61、ts we will send over the Network.　　If you load the file BasicNetwork.blend you can find 2 scripts in there which are relevant to our network setup. (Server.py and Client.py). These scripts show what

62、you get if you boil a network down to its basics. So what do they do? 　　Server.py　　Script 　　#------------SETUP--------------#

63、　　from GameLogic import *　　from socket import *　　from cPickle import *　　cont = GameLogic.getCurrentController()　　obj = cont.get

64、Owner()　　if obj.OneTime == 0:　　ServerIP = GameLogic.IP　　Serverport = 10000　　Clientname =　　ClientPort = 10001</p&

65、gt;　　GameLogic.sClient = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)　　GameLogic.sClient.bind((Clientname,ClientPort))　　GameLogic.host = (ServerIP,Serverport)　　Game

66、Logic.sClient.setblocking(0)　　obj.OneTime = 1　　PosYou = obj.getPosition()　　scene = getCurrentScene()　　Server = scene.getObjectList()[&qu

67、ot;OBServer"]　　PosServer = [0,0,0]　　#------------RECEIVE/SEND--------------#　　Data = dumps((PosYou))　　GameLogic.sClient.sendto(Data

68、,GameLogic.host)　　try:　　Data, SRIP = GameLogic.sClient.recvfrom(1024)　　UPData = loads(Data)　　PosServer = [UPData[0],U

69、PData[1],UPData[2]]　　Server.setPosition(PosServer)　　Server.setOrientation(OriServer)　　except:　　pass

70、;　　Explanation　　1: 　　from GameLogic import *　　From the library we import the book (module) called GameLogic. By impo

71、rting this book we haveaccess to all the information about the blender game engine.　　2: 　　from socket import *　　Gives us all the informat

72、ion about network socket setups.　　3:　　from cPickle import *　　Gives us information on how to pack data in to a container (similar to a zip

73、program).　　4:　　cont = getCurrentController()　　This command gets the Controller for the script and saves it to the variable cont. The logic

74、 brick we just made accessible, is the Controller that gave the order to execute the python script. 　　5:　　Obj = Cont.getOwner()　　Gets us t

75、he owner of this script. That would be the object that owns the logic brick. 　　6:　　if Obj.OneTime == 0:　　12:

76、　　Obj.OneTime = 1　　Line 6 calls up the property OneTime and if its value is equal to 0 it will execute the lines below that are indented. Line 12 will change the value of the property OneTi

77、me to 1. By changing the property we make sure that the indented lines below line 5 only run one time.　　7:　　host = ''<

78、;p>　　Saves a empty text holder in to the variable host. The purpose of this empty text holder is to make a place where later the computer name can be written in to. So you may ask; why not write the computer name in t

79、o it right away? Well you could do that but then this script would only run on your own computer. So that’s why we leave it empty and let the socket fill it out later all by it self. You also would have the option to wri

80、te localhost between the ?“, that would say the script right a way t　　8: 　　ServerPort = 10000　　Saves the value 10000 in to the variable Se

81、rverPort. This value will be the port number over witch the socket will communicate. That’s why you will have to make sure that your firewall and your router won’t block this and the other ports that will be added later.

82、 Information on how you can setup your firewall and router to forward information over this port, can be found in the manuals of your firewall and router. If any questions or problems come up then you can ask them in the

83、 gameblender.org 　　9: 　　GameLogic.sServer = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)　　This code will create a socket that uses the protocol that is defi

84、ned inside of the brackets and saves it to the global variable GameLogic.sServer. 　　AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM is the definition for the UPD protocol. We will use this protocol because it is very fast and wi

85、ll keep on working even if it once can’t send or receive a packet. 　　10: 　　GameLogic.sServer.bind((Host,ServerPort))　　The code .bind((host

86、,Serverport)) is used to bind the information that we have saved in to variable host and Serverport to the socket. Now the socket knows on what computer and over witch port he should communicate. <

87、;b>　　11:　　GameLogic.sServer.setblocking(0)　　The socket will already work with the lines above. But as I already mentioned by line 8 we would like to make sure that t

88、he script will keep on running even if the socket did not send or receive a packet. 　　This can happen very easy, if the connection having a problem, the client and server have different streaming rat

89、es the connection is temporary used by a other program… That’s why we will use the code .setblocking(0). The 0 in the brackets will tell the script that it should not block even if it did not send or receive anything. If

90、 you would put a 1 there, the script would try to receives/send a packet until it has had success. If you would do this everything would be as slow as the slowest clie　　13:</p&g

91、t;　　PosYou = obj.getPosition()　　Gets the position of servers cube (the server controls the blue cube) 　　14:　　scene = getCurrent

92、Scene()　　15:　　Client = scene.getObjectList()["OBClient"]　　The command getCurrenScene() will get all the elements of the current

93、scene in to the script. These elements will be saved in the variable scene. The variable scene contains all the elements of the current scene, now we would like to have access to all the Objects in the scene, this will h

94、appen by using the command .getObjectList(). In the square brackets we write the name of the object that we would like to save to the variable objPump1. Its important that you put the letters “OB” in front of t

95、　　16:　　PosClient = [0,0,0]　　In the variable PosClient we provide a list with 3 elements. This list will be later filed with the coordinates of the p

96、layer. The 3 elements [0,0,0] stand for the X, Y and Z coordinates.　　17:　　try:　　Line 17 starts to try to execute the in

97、dented lines below if one of the lines fail lines 24 and 25 come in to action telling the script to just pass on. The only line below that actually can fail is the Line 18. It will fail when it tries to receive and there

98、 is no data there to receive. This can for example happen if no Client is sending any data.　　18:　　Data, CLIP = GameLogic.sServer.recvfrom(1024)<

99、p>　　The variable GameLogic.sServer contains the information about the socket. The code .recvfrom commands the socket to receive data. (1024) defines the maximal size, that the buffer can receive at once. Every time we

100、 receive data we get 2 blocks. The first block contains the data and is saved in the variable Data. The second block contains sender address and is saved in the variable CLIP (=Client IP)　　Blender基本網

101、絡設置,將其概括為基礎　　作者： “Old Jim” Coulter　　做游戲,和玩游戲是非常有趣的,但如果可以和朋友一起玩將更加有趣。我將向你展示如何在Blender里“煮”一個基本的網絡設置。因為Blender游戲引擎沒有建立網絡支持我們要做的是用Python編寫一個,對于這一點,你需要一個和Blender匹配的Python。仔細看看終端或dos箱時

102、的輸出，Blender啟動時 ,如果工作被導入，它會告訴你需要哪個版本。　　成分　　IP:獨特的計算機名稱　　局域網IP:只能在本地網絡　　互聯網IP:訪問世界各地的形式(當路由器和防火墻允許它)<p&g

103、t;　　端口:接入線路到一個特定的通信　　套接字:發(fā)送和接收站。　　庫:導入食譜(模塊)從Python庫提供了blender信息如何　　準備一頓特別的大餐　　邏輯磚:中央開關站的blender游戲引擎。<

104、p>　　對象:我們將使用2維數據集,我們可以通過網絡移動和這些動作。　　如果你加載文件“BasicNetwork.blend”。你能找到兩個和我們的網絡設置相關的腳本。(Server.py 和 Client.py)。這些腳本顯示如果你建立一個網絡你將得到什么。所以他們是做什么的?　　Server.py 服務器<p&g

105、t;　　Script 腳本　　#------------SETUP--------------#　　from GameLogic import *　　from socket import *　　from cPickle import

106、*　　cont = GameLogic.getCurrentController()　　obj = cont.getOwner()　　if obj.OneTime == 0:　　ServerIP = GameLogic.IP　　S

107、erverport = 10000　　Clientname =　　ClientPort = 10001　　GameLogic.sClient = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM)　　GameLogic.sClient.bind((Clientname,

108、ClientPort))　　GameLogic.host = (ServerIP,Serverport)　　GameLogic.sClient.setblocking(0)　　obj.OneTime = 1　　PosYou = obj.getPosition()</

109、p>　　scene = getCurrentScene()　　Server = scene.getObjectList()["OBServer"]　　PosServer = [0,0,0]　　#------------RECEIVE/SEND------------

110、--#　　Data = dumps((PosYou))　　GameLogic.sClient.sendto(Data,GameLogic.host)　　try:　　Data, SRIP = GameLogic.sClient.recv

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