機(jī)械專業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯--什么是液壓

1、<p>　　What is Hydraulic?</p><p>　　A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role

2、 of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears

3、 are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hy</p><p>　　Hydraulic principle </p><p>　　It consists of two cylinders of different

4、sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquid a sliding piston, if the increase i

5、n the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, piston top will go a long way to go. Based

6、 cross-sectional area of the small piston </p><p>　　Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the lar

7、ge piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2 </p><p>　　Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From t

8、he type known to add in a small piston of a smaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which the hydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel. </p><p

9、>　　History of the development of hydraulic </p><p>　　And air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to dri

10、ve the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of the world's first hydraul

11、ic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced by oil-water and further improved. </p><p>　　World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid

12、 development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure

13、balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century </p><p>　　The Second World War (1941-1945)

14、period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan than Europe and the United States and other countrie

15、s for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in 1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydr

16、aulic transmission, a world leader. </p><p>　　Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machin

17、ery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller a

18、djustment device; civil water projects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges a</p><p><b>　　什么是液壓？ </b></p><p>　　一個完整的液壓系統(tǒng)由五個部分組成，即動力元件、執(zhí)行元件、控

19、制元件、無件和液壓油。動力元件的作用是將原動機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成液體的壓力能，指液壓系統(tǒng)中的油泵，它向整個液壓系統(tǒng)提供動力。液壓泵的結(jié)構(gòu)形式一般有齒輪泵、葉片泵和柱塞泵。執(zhí)行元件(如液壓缸和液壓馬達(dá))的作用是將液體的壓力能轉(zhuǎn)換為機(jī)械能，驅(qū)動負(fù)載作直線往復(fù)運(yùn)動或回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動。 控制元件(即各種液壓閥)在液壓系統(tǒng)中控制和調(diào)節(jié)液體的壓力、流量和方向。根據(jù)控制功能的不同，液壓閥可分為村力控制閥、流量控制閥和方向控制閥。壓力控制閥又分為益流閥(安全閥)、

20、減壓閥、順序閥、壓力繼電器等；流量控制閥包括節(jié)流閥、調(diào)整閥、分流集流閥等；方向控制閥包括單向閥、液控單向閥、梭閥、換向閥等。根據(jù)控制方式不同，液壓閥可分為開關(guān)式控制閥、定值控制閥和比例控制閥。 輔助元件包括油箱、濾油器、油管及管接頭、密封圈、壓力表、油位油溫計等。 液壓油是液壓系統(tǒng)中傳遞能量的工作介質(zhì)，有各種礦物油、乳化液和合成型液壓油等幾大類。 </p><p><b>　　液壓的原理 </b&

21、gt;</p><p>　　它是由兩個大小不同的液缸組成的，在液缸里充滿水或油。充水的叫“水壓機(jī)”；充油的稱“油壓機(jī)”。兩個液缸里各有一個可以滑動的活塞，如果在小活塞上加一定值的壓力，根據(jù)帕斯卡定律，小活塞將這一壓力通過液體的壓強(qiáng)傳遞給大活塞，將大活塞頂上去。設(shè)小活塞的橫截面積是S1，加在小活塞上的向下的壓力是F1。于是，小活塞對液體的壓強(qiáng)為P=F1/SI, </p><p>　　能夠大小

22、不變地被液體向各個方向傳遞”。大活塞所受到的壓強(qiáng)必然也等于P。若大活塞的橫截面積是S2，壓強(qiáng)P在大活塞上所產(chǎn)生的向上的壓力F2=PxS2 </p><p>　　截面積是小活塞橫截面積的倍數(shù)。從上式知，在小活塞上加一較小的力，則在大活塞上會得到很大的力，為此用液壓機(jī)來壓制膠合板、榨油、提取重物、鍛壓鋼材等。 </p><p><b>　　液壓傳動的發(fā)展史 </b><

23、;/p><p>　　液壓傳動和氣壓傳動稱為流體傳動，是根據(jù)17世紀(jì)帕斯卡提出的液體靜壓力傳動原理而發(fā)展起來的一門新興技術(shù)，1795年英國約瑟夫?布拉曼(Joseph Braman,1749-1814)，在倫敦用水作為工作介質(zhì),以水壓機(jī)的形式將其應(yīng)用于工業(yè)上,誕生了世界上第一臺水壓機(jī)。1905年將工作介質(zhì)水改為油,又進(jìn)一步得到改善。 </p><p>　　第一次世界大戰(zhàn)(1914-1918)后液

24、壓傳動廣泛應(yīng)用,特別是1920年以后,發(fā)展更為迅速。液壓元件大約在 19 世紀(jì)末 20 世紀(jì)初的20年間,才開始進(jìn)入正規(guī)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)階段。1925 年維克斯(F.Vikers)發(fā)明了壓力平衡式葉片泵,為近代液壓元件工業(yè)或液壓傳動 的逐步建立奠定了基礎(chǔ)。20 世紀(jì)初康斯坦丁?尼斯克(G?Constantimsco)對能量波動傳遞所進(jìn)行的理論及實(shí)際研究;1910年對液力傳動(液力聯(lián)軸節(jié)、液力變矩器等)方面的貢獻(xiàn)，使這兩方面領(lǐng)域得到了發(fā)展。 &

25、lt;/p><p>　　第二次世界大戰(zhàn)(1941-1945)期間,在美國機(jī)床中有30%應(yīng)用了液壓傳動。應(yīng)該指出,日本液壓傳動的發(fā)展較歐美等國家晚了近 20 多年。在 1955 年前后 , 日本迅速發(fā)展液壓傳動,1956 年成立了“液壓工業(yè)會”。近20~30 年間，日本液壓傳動發(fā)展之快，居世界領(lǐng)先地位。 </p><p>　　液壓傳動有許多突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此它的應(yīng)用非常廣泛，如一般工。業(yè)用的塑料加

26、工機(jī)械、壓力機(jī)械、機(jī)床等；行走機(jī)械中的工程機(jī)械、建筑機(jī)械、農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械、汽車等；鋼鐵工業(yè)用的冶金機(jī)械、提升裝置、軋輥調(diào)整裝置等；土木水利工程用的防洪閘門及堤壩裝置、河床升降裝置、橋梁操縱機(jī)構(gòu)等；發(fā)電廠渦輪機(jī)調(diào)速裝置、核發(fā)電廠等等；船舶用的甲板起重機(jī)械（絞車）、船頭門、艙壁閥、船尾推進(jìn)器等；特殊技術(shù)用的巨型天線控制裝置、測量浮標(biāo)、升降旋轉(zhuǎn)舞臺等；軍事工業(yè)用的火炮操縱裝置、船舶減搖裝置、飛行器仿真、飛機(jī)起落架的收放裝置和方向舵控制裝置等。<