plc外文翻譯---談plc的應用與發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　附 錄</b></p><p>　　On the application and development of PLC</p><p>　　PLC definition</p><p>　　Programmable logic controller, or PLC (Programmable logic Contr

2、oller), refers to computer technology as the basis for the new industrial control devices. In 1987 the International Electrotechnical Commission (International Electrical Committee) standards promulgated by the PLC in th

3、e draft of the PLC made the following definition:</p><p>　　"PLC is a specialist in industrial environments for the application of digital design and operation of electronic computing devices. It can be

4、used in the preparation process memory, used in the implementation of its internal storage logical, sequential computing, timing, counting and arithmetic operations such as Operation The directive, and through digital or

5、 analog input and output, control various types of machinery or production process. PLC and its related peripheral equipment should be in</p><p>　　PLC characteristics</p><p>　　2.1 high reliabili

6、ty, strong anti-interference capability</p><p>　　High reliability of electrical control equipment is the key to performance. PLC due to the introduction of modern large-scale integrated circuit technology, r

7、igorous production process, the internal circuitry to take an advanced anti-jamming technology, high reliability. For example, Mitsubishi has produced an average of the F-Series PLC trouble-free time as much as 300,000 h

8、ours. Some use the redundant CPU PLC, the average working hours of trouble-free longer. PLC from the machine outside the c</p><p>　　2.2 equipped, with perfect functions, the applicability</p><p>

9、;　　PLC to develop today, has formed a large, medium and small size of the serialization of various products. Can be used for various industrial control the scale of occasions. Apart from the logic processing functions, m

10、ost of the modern PLC has a complete data computing power and can be used for a variety of digital control of the area. In recent years PLC emergence of a large number of functional units so that the PLC to infiltrate in

11、to a position of control, temperature control, CNC, and other i</p><p>　　2.3 easy to learn and use, welcomed by the engineering and technical personnel</p><p>　　PLC as the general industrial com

12、puter, industrial and mining enterprises are facing the industrial equipment. It easy interface, easy programming language for engineering and technical staff. Ladder language and graphic symbols and expressions of the r

13、elay circuit very close, only a small number of switches of the PLC logic control orders can easily achieve the functions of the relay circuit. Is not familiar with the electronic circuits, computers do not understand th

14、e principles and compilatio</p><p>　　2.4 system design, construction workload of small, maintenance-friendly, easy to transform</p><p>　　PLC logic with memory instead of wiring logic, greatly re

15、ducing the wiring outside the control equipment, control systems design and construction of the much shorter cycle, while maintaining it has become easier. What is more important is to make the same equipment have been c

16、hanges in procedures to change the production process possible. This is very suitable for many species, the small batch production of occasions.</p><p>　　3.PLC applications</p><p>　　3.1 switch t

17、o the logic of control</p><p>　　This is the most basic PLC, the most extensive areas of application, which replaced the traditional relay circuits, and logic control, sequence control, can be used single-con

18、trol device, can also be used for more automation and control aircraft assembly line.</p><p>　　3.2 analog control</p><p>　　In the course of industrial production, many of the continuous changes,

19、 such as temperature, pressure, flow, level and speed are all analog. In order to deal with programmable analog controller, the need to achieve analog (Analog) and digital (Digital) between the A / D converter and D / A

20、converter. PLC manufacturers are supporting the production of A / D and D / A converter module so that the programmable logic controller for analog control.</p><p>　　3.3 Motion Control</p><p>　　

21、PLC can be used circular motion or linear motion control. From the control of institutions targeted, the switching capacity for early direct I / O modules position sensor and executive bodies, now generally used for the

22、movement control module. Such as stepper motor drive servo motor or the location of single or multi-axis control module. PLC the world's major manufacturers of products almost all movement control, widely used in all

23、 kinds of machinery, machine tools, robots, elevators, and other</p><p>　　3.4 Process Control</p><p>　　Refers to the process control temperature, pressure, flow simulation of the closed-loop con

24、trol. As industrial computer, PLC to the preparation of a variety of control algorithms procedures, complete closed-loop control. PID regulator is generally closed-loop control system used in more conditioning methods. P

25、ID modules are large and medium-sized PLC, the PLC also has many small feature of this module. PID is running for the processing of PID subroutine. Process control in the metallurgical, che</p><p>　　3.5 Data

26、 Processing</p><p>　　Modern PLC with math (including matrix computing, computing functions, logic operation), data transmission, data conversion, sorting, look-up table, in operation, and other functions, to

27、 complete the data collection, analysis and treatment. These data can be stored in the memory of the reference value, the completion of a control operation, can also use the communication sent to other intelligent device

28、s, or print them tabulation. Data processing for large-scale control systems such as unmanned </p><p>　　4. PLC of the situation at home and abroad</p><p>　　The world's first recognized the P

29、LC is the 1969 U.S. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) developed. Limited to conditions at the time of the components and computer development, early PLC mainly by discrete components and small and medium-scale integrat

30、ed circuit components, can complete a simple logic control and timing, counting function. In the early 1970s a microprocessor. People will soon introduce its programmable logic controller, PLC an increase of computing, d

31、ata transmission and proce</p><p>　　China's introduction of the PLC, applications, development, production is accompanied by reform and opening up began. The first is the introduction of large-scale use

32、of the equipment in the PLC. Next in the production of business equipment and products continue to expand the application of the PLC. At present, China has its own can produce small and medium-sized PLC. East Electric Co

33、., Ltd. Shanghai housing production CF Series, Hangzhou Machine Tool Factory production of electrical and DKK D s</p><p>　　5. PLC Future</p><p>　　21 Century, PLC will have a greater development.

34、 From a technical perspective, the new achievements in computer technology will be applied to more programmable controllers on the design and manufacture, there will be faster and faster, greater storage capacity, more i

35、ntelligent species emerged from the products on the scale , Will be further to the ultra-small and super-large direction, from the matching of products, the products of the species will be more rich and more complete spe

36、cifications,</p><p>　　談PLC的應用與發(fā)展</p><p><b>　　可編程控制器的定義</b></p><p>　　可編程控制器，簡稱PLC（Programmable logic Controller）,是指以計算機技術(shù)為基礎的新型工業(yè)控制裝置。在1987年國際電工委員會（International Electric

37、al Committee）頒布的PLC標準草案中對PLC做了如下定義：</p><p>　　“PLC是一種專門為在工業(yè)環(huán)境下應用而設計的數(shù)字運算操作的電子裝置。它采用可以編制程序的存儲器，用來在其內(nèi)部存儲執(zhí)行邏輯運算、順序運算、計時、計數(shù)和算術(shù)運算等操作的指令，并能通過數(shù)字式或模擬式的輸入和輸出，控制各種類型的機械或生產(chǎn)過程。PLC及其有關(guān)的外圍設備都應該按易于與工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)形成一個整體，易于擴展其功能的原則而設

38、計?！?lt;/p><p><b>　　2. PLC的特點</b></p><p>　　2.1可靠性高，抗干擾能力強</p><p>　　高可靠性是電氣控制設備的關(guān)鍵性能。PLC由于采用現(xiàn)代大規(guī)模集成電路技術(shù)，采用嚴格的生產(chǎn)工藝制造，內(nèi)部電路采取了先進的抗干擾技術(shù)，具有很高的可靠性。例如三菱公司生產(chǎn)的F系列PLC平均無故障時間高達30萬小時。一些使

39、用冗余CPU的PLC的平均無故障工作時間則更長。從PLC的機外電路來說，使用PLC構(gòu)成控制系統(tǒng)，和同等規(guī)模的繼電接觸器系統(tǒng)相比，電氣接線及開關(guān)接點已減少到數(shù)百甚至數(shù)千分之一，故障也就大大降低。此外，PLC帶有硬件故障自我檢測功能，出現(xiàn)故障時可及時發(fā)出警報信息。在應用軟件中，應用者還可以編入外圍器件的故障自診斷程序，使系統(tǒng)中除PLC以外的電路及設備也獲得故障自診斷保護。這樣，整個系統(tǒng)具有極高的可靠性也就不奇怪了。</p>&

40、lt;p>　　2.2配套齊全，功能完善，適用性強</p><p>　　PLC發(fā)展到今天，已經(jīng)形成了大、中、小各種規(guī)模的系列化產(chǎn)品?？梢杂糜诟鞣N規(guī)模的工業(yè)控制場合。除了邏輯處理功能以外，現(xiàn)代PLC大多具有完善的數(shù)據(jù)運算能力，可用于各種數(shù)字控制領(lǐng)域。近年來PLC的功能單元大量涌現(xiàn)，使PLC滲透到了位置控制、溫度控制、CNC等各種工業(yè)控制中。加上PLC通信能力的增強及人機界面技術(shù)的發(fā)展，使用PLC組成各種控制系統(tǒng)

41、變得非常容易。</p><p>　　2.3易學易用，深受工程技術(shù)人員歡迎</p><p>　　PLC作為通用工業(yè)控制計算機，是面向工礦企業(yè)的工控設備。它接口容易，編程語言易于為工程技術(shù)人員接受。梯形圖語言的圖形符號與表達方式和繼電器電路圖相當接近，只用PLC的少量開關(guān)量邏輯控制指令就可以方便地實現(xiàn)繼電器電路的功能。為不熟悉電子電路、不懂計算機原理和匯編語言的人使用計算機從事工業(yè)控制打開了方

42、便之門。</p><p>　　2.4系統(tǒng)的設計、建造工作量小，維護方便，容易改造</p><p>　　PLC用存儲邏輯代替接線邏輯，大大減少了控制設備外部的接線，使控制系統(tǒng)設計及建造的周期大為縮短，同時維護也變得容易起來。更重要的是使同一設備經(jīng)過改變程序改變生產(chǎn)過程成為可能。這很適合多品種、小批量的生產(chǎn)場合。</p><p>　　3.PLC的應用領(lǐng)域</p&g

43、t;<p>　　3.1開關(guān)量的邏輯控制</p><p>　　這是PLC最基本、最廣泛的應用領(lǐng)域，它取代傳統(tǒng)的繼電器電路，實現(xiàn)邏輯控制、順序控制，既可用于單臺設備的控制，也可用于多機群控及自動化流水線。</p><p><b>　　3.2模擬量控制</b></p><p>　　在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程當中，有許多連續(xù)變化的量，如溫度、壓力、流

44、量、液位和速度等都是模擬量。為了使可編程控制器處理模擬量，必須實現(xiàn)模擬量（Analog）和數(shù)字量（Digital）之間的A/D轉(zhuǎn)換及D/A轉(zhuǎn)換。PLC廠家都生產(chǎn)配套的A/D和D/A轉(zhuǎn)換模塊，使可編程控制器用于模擬量控制。</p><p><b>　　3.3運動控制</b></p><p>　　PLC可以用于圓周運動或直線運動的控制。從控制機構(gòu)配置來說，早期直接用于開關(guān)

45、量I/O模塊連接位置傳感器和執(zhí)行機構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在一般使用專用的運動控制模塊。如可驅(qū)動步進電機或伺服電機的單軸或多軸位置控制模塊。世界上各主要PLC廠家的產(chǎn)品幾乎都有運動控制功能，廣泛用于各種機械、機床、機器人、電梯等場合。</p><p>　　3.4過程控制過程控制是指對溫度、壓力、流量等模擬量的閉環(huán)控制。作為工業(yè)控制計算機，PLC能編制各種各樣的控制算法程序，完成閉環(huán)控制。PID調(diào)節(jié)是一般閉環(huán)控制系統(tǒng)中用得較多的調(diào)

46、節(jié)方法。大中型PLC都有PID模塊，目前許多小型PLC也具有此功能模塊。PID處理一般是運行專用的PID子程序。過程控制在冶金、化工、熱處理、鍋爐控制等場合有非常廣泛的應用。</p><p><b>　　3.5數(shù)據(jù)處理</b></p><p>　　現(xiàn)代PLC具有數(shù)學運算（含矩陣運算、函數(shù)運算、邏輯運算）、數(shù)據(jù)傳送、數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換、排序、查表、位操作等功能，可以完成數(shù)據(jù)的采集

47、、分析及處理。這些數(shù)據(jù)可以與存儲在存儲器中的參考值比較，完成一定的控制操作，也可以利用通信功能傳送到別的智能裝置，或?qū)⑺鼈兇蛴≈票怼?shù)據(jù)處理一般用于大型控制系統(tǒng)，如無人控制的柔性制造系統(tǒng)；也可用于過程控制系統(tǒng)，如造紙、冶金、食品工業(yè)中的一些大型控制系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　4. PLC的國內(nèi)外狀況</p><p>　　世界上公認的第一臺PLC是1969年美國數(shù)字設備公司（DEC）研制的。

48、限于當時的元器件條件及計算機發(fā)展水平，早期的PLC主要由分立元件和中小規(guī)模集成電路組成，可以完成簡單的邏輯控制及定時、計數(shù)功能。20世紀70年代初出現(xiàn)了微處理器。人們很快將其引入可編程控制器，使PLC增加了運算、數(shù)據(jù)傳送及處理等功能，完成了真正具有計算機特征的工業(yè)控制裝置。為了方便熟悉繼電器、接觸器系統(tǒng)的工程技術(shù)人員使用，可編程控制器采用和繼電器電路圖類似的梯形圖作為主要編程語言，并將參加運算及處理的計算機存儲元件都以繼電器命名。此時的

49、PLC為微機技術(shù)和繼電器常規(guī)控制概念相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物。</p><p>　　我國可編程控制器的引進、應用、研制、生產(chǎn)是伴隨著改革開放開始的。最初是在引進設備中大量使用了可編程控制器。接下來在各種企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)設備及產(chǎn)品中不斷擴大了PLC的應用。目前，我國自己已可以生產(chǎn)中小型可編程控制器。上海東屋電氣有限公司生產(chǎn)的CF系列、杭州機床電器廠生產(chǎn)的DKK及D系列、大連組合機床研究所生產(chǎn)的S系列、蘇州電子計算機廠生產(chǎn)的YZ系列等

50、多種產(chǎn)品已具備了一定的規(guī)模并在工業(yè)產(chǎn)品中獲得了應用。此外，無錫華光公司、上海鄉(xiāng)島公司等中外合資企業(yè)也是我國比較著名的PLC生產(chǎn)廠家。可以預期，隨著我國現(xiàn)代化進程的深入，PLC在我國將有更廣闊的應用天地。</p><p>　　5. PLC未來展望</p><p>　　21世紀，PLC會有更大的發(fā)展。從技術(shù)上看，計算機技術(shù)的新成果會更多地應用于可編程控制器的設計和制造上，會有運算速度更快、存儲

51、容量更大、智能更強的品種出現(xiàn)；從產(chǎn)品規(guī)模上看，會進一步向超小型及超大型方向發(fā)展；從產(chǎn)品的配套性上看，產(chǎn)品的品種會更豐富、規(guī)格更齊全，完美的人機界面、完備的通信設備會更好地適應各種工業(yè)控制場合的需求；從市場上看，各國各自生產(chǎn)多品種產(chǎn)品的情況會隨著國際競爭的加劇而打破，會出現(xiàn)少數(shù)幾個品牌壟斷國際市場的局面，會出現(xiàn)國際通用的編程語言；從網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展情況來看，可編程控制器和其它工業(yè)控制計算機組網(wǎng)構(gòu)成大型的控制系統(tǒng)是可編程控制器技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。目前