簡介：1沈陽理工大學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位論文附錄A34

簡介：中文中文40354035字畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文外文資料翻譯學(xué)院學(xué)院系化工學(xué)院專業(yè)業(yè)化學(xué)工程與工藝姓名名學(xué)號(hào)號(hào)外文出處外文出處JOURNALOFSOLGELSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY附件件1外文資料翻譯譯文；2外文原文。指導(dǎo)教師評(píng)語該同學(xué)翻譯忠于原文，語句比較連貫，意思基本表達(dá)清楚，是一篇合格的外文文獻(xiàn)譯文。簽名2013年3月15日用外文寫附件附件1外文資料翻譯譯文外文資料翻譯譯文抗反射聚乙烯醇縮丁醛/二氧化硅混合物涂膜的制備與表征PVB防潮性與疏水性的效應(yīng)摘要摘要本文旨在介紹一種以硅酸乙酯為前驅(qū)物，聚乙烯醇縮丁醛為改良劑，通過溶膠凝膠催化方法制得的一種新型的改性抗反射涂膜。而AR涂膜和二氧化硅溶膠通過傅里葉變換紅外吸收光譜、粒子尺寸分析、透射電子顯微鏡、可編程流變儀、紫外可見分光光度法、概率測量法、原子力顯微鏡以及接觸角測量法進(jìn)行表征。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，加入4﹪的PVB會(huì)大大增加AR涂膜的防潮性。用4﹪的PVB改性的AR涂膜在BK7基片中的光透射率近乎100﹪。對于未改性的AR涂膜與4﹪PVB改性的AR涂膜其水的接觸角分別為51°和53°。也就是說，改性后的涂膜沒有明顯的疏水性。將改性后的涂膜暴露在潮濕的環(huán)境中，其透射率最大值幾乎不變，而未改性的涂膜在兩周內(nèi)其透射率從998﹪急劇下降到965﹪。PVB改性AR涂膜具有良好的防潮性的原因可能是AR涂膜表面的PVB的吸附作用。關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字抗反射涂層聚乙烯醇縮丁醛防潮性疏水性1引言引言從1980年開始的制備有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合材料開始，溶膠凝膠技術(shù)就引起了人們的廣泛興趣。由于它具有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，諸如良好的均勻性，低粗糙度，良好的沉積性，產(chǎn)量高，而且在膠片中還有良好的微結(jié)構(gòu)可控制性，溶膠凝膠法在玻璃界已經(jīng)廣泛的用于制備抗反射涂膜（AR涂膜），比如機(jī)動(dòng)車窗，太陽能電池，激光系統(tǒng)。對于AR涂膜，透射率是其最重要的性質(zhì)之一。然而，對于傳統(tǒng)的純凈二氧化硅涂膜材料，由于其在潮濕環(huán)境下的吸水性，使其透射率大大降低。這個(gè)問題使得這些涂膜不能很好的應(yīng)用到潮濕的環(huán)境中。通常，防潮性隨著涂膜表面的疏水基團(tuán)的增加而增加。近年來，科研工作者對如何制備AR涂膜做了大量的研究。最有效的方式就是將有機(jī)分子或者聚合物支撐疏水基團(tuán)作為改性劑嫁接到二氧化硅

簡介：中文中文5460字本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯（2013屆）題目學(xué)生姓名學(xué)生姓名學(xué)號(hào)指導(dǎo)教師指導(dǎo)教師專業(yè)班級(jí)專業(yè)班級(jí)所在學(xué)院所在學(xué)院化學(xué)工程與材料學(xué)院化學(xué)工程與材料學(xué)院提交日期提交日期2率密度。因此這對于發(fā)展電極提高電化學(xué)性能的改性方法是非常重要的。石墨氈電極的各種改性方法已經(jīng)在研究,其中包括金屬電鍍18、19,熱激活20和酸處理12、21、22。電化學(xué)氧化技術(shù)對于碳基材料的表面處理是一種有效的方法。這是因?yàn)樗梢蕴峁┰S多類型的表面含氧官能團(tuán)和增加表面粗糙度與此同時(shí),這技術(shù)的控制也相對簡單,可以在溫和條件下進(jìn)行23。然而,全釩氧化液流電池的石墨氈電極的電化學(xué)氧化已經(jīng)很少報(bào)道。李等人只報(bào)道了,相對于未處理的石墨氈電極全釩氧化液流電池的活性已經(jīng)得到改良。在目前的文章中，VOVO??22/氧化還原反應(yīng)中的經(jīng)過電化學(xué)氧化的石墨氈（被氧化的石墨氈）的激活正被詳細(xì)研究。被氧化的石墨氈的表面形態(tài)、潤濕性、表面含氧官能團(tuán)和電化學(xué)性質(zhì)在電化學(xué)氧化程度上呈現(xiàn)正常變化。這些結(jié)果有助于理解石墨氈的電化學(xué)氧化機(jī)理,這研究也為確定全釩氧化液流電池電極活化的最佳工藝參數(shù)提供了有用的理論指導(dǎo)。2．實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)2121材料5毫米厚的聚丙烯腈基石墨氈樣本由上海七杰有限有限公司提供。994從沈陽的海中天精細(xì)化工廠購買，濃硫酸質(zhì)量分OHVOSO424?數(shù)98來自廣州東香港化工廠。22樣品制備聚丙烯腈基石墨氈在電化學(xué)氧化前先切成15厘米15厘米大小,然后所有的樣品都用蒸餾水徹底清洗然后在70?C下48H烘干。石墨氈板作為陽極,石墨板作為陰極。電化學(xué)氧化在1M硫酸溶液中發(fā)生。石墨氈電極15厘米15厘米用作陽極是由在兩個(gè)聚氯乙烯板片之間壓一塊石墨氈做成,其中一個(gè)聚氯乙烯板片有10厘米10厘米的孔,石墨氈通過孔與電解液想通。另一邊的石墨氈與石墨片電流收集器連接。石墨氈樣品在100MACM?2的電流密度下對不同的氧化時(shí)段進(jìn)行電氧化。發(fā)生氧化的石墨氈被拿出來用蒸餾水清洗干凈,然后在70?C下48H烘干。23特性

簡介：SURFACEANDCOATINGSTECHNOLOGY1482001171–17802578972/01/SEEFRONTMATTER?2001ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDPIIS02578972?01013366ELECTRODEPOSITIONANDSLIDINGWEARRESISTANCEOFNICKELCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAININGMICRONANDSUBMICRONSICPARTICLESIGARCIA,JFRANSAER,JPCELISA,B,AAKATHOLIEKEUNIVERSITEITLEUVEN,DEPARTMENTMTM,KASTEELPARKARENBERG44,B3001LEUVEN,BELGIUMANATIONALCENTERFORMETALLURGICALRESEARCHCENIMCSIC,DEPARTMENTOFCORROSIONANDPROTECTION,AVGREGORIODELAMO8,28040MADRID,BSPAINRECEIVED1MARCH2001ACCEPTED21JUNE2001ABSTRACTSICPARTICLESOFTHREEDIFFERENTSIZES,NAMELY5,07AND03MM,WERECODEPOSITEDWITHNICKELFROMWATTS’SOLUTIONSITWASFOUNDTHATFORAGIVENNUMBERDENSITYOFPARTICLESINTHEPLATINGSOLUTION,THENUMBERDENSITYOFPARTICLESINTHECOATINGINCREASESWITHDECREASINGPARTICLESIZETHEFRICTIONANDWEARBEHAVIOROFTHESECOMPOSITECOATINGSWASEVALUATEDINUNIANDBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSAGAINSTCORUNDUMBALLSTHEBESTSLIDINGWEARRESISTANCEWASOBTAINEDWITHNI–SICCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAINING4–5VOLSUBMICRONSICPARTICLES?2001ELSEVIERSCIENCEBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSELECTRODEPOSITIONCOMPOSITESWEARNICKELSIC1INTRODUCTIONELECTRODEPOSITEDCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONSISTOFAMETALORALLOYMATRIXCONTAININGADISPERSIONOFSECONDPHASEPARTICLESW1–3XTHESEPARTICLESCANBEHARDOXIDEORCARBIDEPARTICLES,SUCHASALO,SIC,TIO,WC,SIO2322ORDIAMOND,ASOLIDLUBRICANT,SUCHASPTFE,GRAPHITEORMOS,OREVENLIQUIDCONTAININGMICROCAPSULESW4XTO2IMPROVEWEARRESISTANCEANDYORTOREDUCEFRICTIONELECTROPLATEDCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAININGMICRONSIZEDPARTICLESAREUSEDASWEARRESISTANTCOATINGSW5–7X,EGNICKEL–SICINCARENGINESW1,8–10XWITHTHEINCREASINGAVAILABILITYOFNANOPARTICLES,THEREISAGROWINGINTERESTINTHEELECTROLYTICANDELECTROLESSCODEPOSITIONOFNANOPARTICLESW11XTHEMAJORCHALLENGESOFTHECODEPOSITIONOFNANOPARTICLESSEEMTOBETHECODEPOSITIONOFASUFFICIENTNUMBEROFPARTICLES,ANDAVOIDINGTHEAGGLOMERATIONOFPARTICLESSUSPENDEDINTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONSCORRESPONDINGAUTHORTELQ3415538900FAXQ3415347425EMAILADDRESSIGARCIACENIMCSICESIGARCIAINTHISWORK,THEELECTROLYTICCODEPOSITIONOFMICRONANDSUBMICRONSICPARTICLESFROMNICKELWATTS’SOLUTIONS,ANDTHESLIDINGWEARRESISTANCEOFSUCHNICKELCOMPOSITECOATINGSAREINVESTIGATEDTHEEFFECTOFPARTICLESIZEANDNUMBEROFPARTICLESSUSPENDEDINTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONONTHENUMBEROFCODEPOSITEDPARTICLESISREPORTEDTHECODEPOSITIONRESULTSANDAMODELBASEDONTHENUMBERDENSITYOFPARTICLESCODEPOSITEDAREDISCUSSEDTHEEFFECTOFPARTICLESIZEONTHECODEPOSITIONPROCESSOFMICRONANDSUBMICRONSIZEDNONBROWNIANPARTICLESISCLARIFIEDTHEEFFECTOFCODEPOSITEDSUBMICRONPARTICLESONTHEWEARRESISTANCEOFCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSISDISCUSSED2EXPERIMENTALTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONUSEDWASASTANDARDNICKELWATTS’SOLUTIONTHECOMPOSITIONOFTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONANDTHEPLATINGPARAMETERSAREGIVENINTABLE1SICPARTICLESWITHAMEANDIAMETEROF03BSC21C,PERFORMANCECERAMICS,JAPAN,07BS07,ELEKTROSCHMELZWERKKEMPTEN,GERMANYAND5MME110?4000,NORTON,NORWAYWEREUSEDALLPARTICLESWEREUSEDASRECEIVED173IGARCIAETAL/SURFACEANDCOATINGSTECHNOLOGY1482001171–178FIG2VOLUMETRICWEARFACTORUNDERUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGONCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSCONTAININGDIFFERENTVOLSICPARTICLESOFTHREEDIFFERENTSIZESDATAFORPUREELECTROLYTICNICKELAREALSOGIVENEDNICKELREFERENCEFIG3VOLUMETRICWEARFACTORUNDERBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGONCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSCONTAININGDIFFERENTVOLSICPARTICLESOFTHREEDIFFERENTSIZESDATAFORPUREELECTROLYTICNICKELAREALSOGIVENEDNICKELREFERENCEPOSITIONISOBTAINEDWITH07MMPARTICLESQUITEUNEXPECTEDLYW13X,THE03MMSICPARTICLESCODEPOSITMORETHANTHE07MMPARTICLESAPOSSIBLEREASONCOULDBETHEDIFFERENCEINTHESURFACECONDITIONOFTHESESICPARTICLESOBTAINEDFROMDIFFERENTPRODUCERSANOTHERREASONCOULDBETHEAGGLOMERATIONOFTHE03MMPARTICLESINTHEPLATINGSOLUTIONTHEWEARTRACKSONTHECOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSAFTERUNIANDBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSHAVEABLACKAPPEARANCE,ANDSHOWSCRATCHESPARALLELTOTHEDIRECTIONOFMOTIONSUCHSCRATCHESARETYPICALFORABRASIVEWEARFORALLNI–SICCOMPOSITECOATINGSTESTED,THECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONISAPPROXIMATELY05DURINGTHEFIRSTFEWSLIDINGCYCLESAFTERTHERUNNINGINPHASE,THECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONOFNICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING07OR03MMSICPARTICLESISAPPROXIMATELY029THATCOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONISLOWERTHANTHEVALUEOF034OBSERVEDONNICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING5MMSICPARTICLESATACOMPARABLEVOLUMEPERCENTOFCODEPOSITEDPARTICLESONTHEOTHERHAND,FOREACHSICPARTICLESIZEINVESTIGATED,THECOEFFICIENTOFFRICTIONINCREASESWITHINCREASINGVOLUMEPERCENTOFSICPARTICLESINTHECOATINGS,FROMAPPROXIMATELY034TO047INTHECASEOF5MMSICPARTICLES,ANDFROM028TO030INTHECASEOF07MMPARTICLESTHEWEARLOSSONNI–SICCOMPOSITECOATINGSCONTAININGSICPARTICLESOFDIFFERENTSIZES,AFTERSLIDINGAGAINSTCORUNDUMBALLSINUNIANDBIDIRECTIONALWEARTESTS,ISSHOWNINFIGS2AND3,RESPECTIVELYTHEVOLUMETRICWEARLOSSONPURENICKELCOATINGSANDCOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSINUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGWEARTESTSISAPPROXIMATELYTWOORDERSOFMAGNITUDELOWERTHANTHATNOTEDINBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSTHISISCONSISTENTWITHSLIDINGWEARDATAOBTAINEDONHARDCERAMICCOATINGS,SUCHASTIN,SHOWINGAMUCHLOWERWEARRATEUNDERUNITHANUNDERBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTCONDITIONSW14XHOWEVER,UNDERUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDING,COMPOSITENICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING5MMSICPARTICLESEXHIBITALOWERWEARRESISTANCEWITHINCREASINGAMOUNTSOFSICTHANPURENICKELCOATINGSREFERREDTOASEDNICKELREFERENCEINFIG2ONTHECONTRARY,COMPOSITENICKELCOATINGSCONTAINING03OR07MMSICPARTICLESWEARLESSINUNIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGWEARTESTSTHANPURENICKEL,ANDTHEBESTRESULTSAREOBTAINEDWITHAPPROXIMATELY4VOLOF07MMSICPARTICLESUNDERBIDIRECTIONALSLIDING,THEVOLUMETRICWEARLOSSONALLTHECOMPOSITENI–SICCOATINGSTESTEDISLOWERTHANTHEWEARMEASUREDONPURENICKELCOATINGSELECTRODEPOSITEDUNDERSIMILARPLATINGCONDITIONSFIG2THELOWESTVOLUMETRICWEARLOSSINBIDIRECTIONALSLIDINGTESTSISREACHED

簡介：ARSENICINTHEENVIRONMENTBIOLOGYANDCHEMISTRYPROSUNBHATTACHARYAA,?,ALANHWELCHB,KENNETHGSTOLLENWERKC,MIKEJMCLAUGHLIND,JOCHENBUNDSCHUHE,GPANAULLAHFAKTHINTERNATIONALGROUNDWATERARSENICRESEARCHGROUP,DEPARTMENTOFLANDANDWATERRESOURCESENGINEERING,ROYALINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYKTH,SE10044STOCKHOLM,SWEDENBNEVADAWATERSCIENCECENTER,UNITEDSTATESGEOLOGICALSURVEY,2730NDEERRUNROAD,CARSONCITY,NV89701USACUNITEDSTATESGEOLOGICALSURVEY,MS413,BOX25046,FEDERALCENTER,DENVER,CO80225,USADCSIROLANDANDWATER/UNIVERSITYOFADELAIDE,PMB2,GLENOSMOND,SA5064,AUSTRALIAEINTERNATIONALTECHNICALCOOPERATIONPROGRAMMECIMGTZ/BA,GERMANY,INSTITUTOCOSTARRICENSEDEELECTRICIDADICE,PYSA,APARTADOPOSTAL10032,1000SANJOSE,COSTARICAFCIMMYT,BANGLADESH,POBOX6057GULSHAN,DHAKA1212,BANGLADESHRECEIVED6FEBRUARY2007RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM25FEBRUARY2007ACCEPTED27FEBRUARY2007AVAILABLEONLINE16APRIL2007ABSTRACTARSENICASDISTRIBUTIONANDTOXICOLOGYINTHEENVIRONMENTISASERIOUSISSUE,WITHMILLIONSOFINDIVIDUALSWORLDWIDEBEINGAFFECTEDBYASTOXICOSISSOURCESOFASCONTAMINATIONAREBOTHNATURALANDANTHROPOGENICANDTHESCALEOFCONTAMINATIONRANGESFROMLOCALTOREGIONALTHEREAREMANYAREASOFRESEARCHTHATAREBEINGACTIVELYPURSUEDTOADDRESSTHEASCONTAMINATIONPROBLEMTHESEINCLUDENEWMETHODSOFSCREENINGFORASINTHEFIELD,DETERMININGTHEEPIDEMIOLOGYOFASINHUMANS,ANDIDENTIFYINGTHERISKOFASUPTAKEINAGRICULTUREREMEDIATIONOFASAFFECTEDWATERSUPPLIESISIMPORTANTANDRESEARCHINCLUDESASSESSINGNATURALREMEDIATIONPOTENTIALASWELLASPHYTOREMEDIATIONANOTHERAREAOFACTIVERESEARCHISONTHEMICROBIALLYMEDIATEDBIOGEOCHEMICALINTERACTIONSOFASINTHEENVIRONMENTIN2005,ACONFERENCEWASCONVENEDTOBRINGTOGETHERSCIENTISTSINVOLVEDINMANYOFTHEDIFFERENTAREASOFASRESEARCHINTHISPAPER,WEPRESENTASYNTHESISOFTHEASISSUESINTHELIGHTOFLONGSTANDINGRESEARCHANDWITHREGARDSTOTHENEWFINDINGSPRESENTEDATTHISCONFERENCETHISCONTRIBUTIONPROVIDESABACKDROPTOTHEISSUESRAISEDATTHECONFERENCETOGETHERWITHANOVERVIEWOFCONTEMPORARYANDHISTORICALISSUESOFASCONTAMINATIONANDHEALTHIMPACTSCROWNCOPYRIGHT?2007PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSARSENICCONTAMINATIONPOLLUTIONGROUNDWATERTUBEWELLSCREENINGFIELDTESTKITHEALTHSAFEAQUIFERSAGRICULTURESOILSMININGENVIRONMENTPHYTOREMEDIATIONSORPTIONREMEDIATION1INTRODUCTION11LOCATIONANDSCALEOFPROBLEMARSENICASHASBEENDETECTEDINGROUNDWATERINSEVERALCOUNTRIESOFTHEWORLD,WITHCONCENTRATIONLEVELSEXCEEDINGTHEWHODRINKINGWATERGUIDELINEVALUEOF10ΜG/LWHO,2001ASWELLASTHENATIONALREGULATORYSTANDARDSEG50ΜG/LININDIAANDBANGLADESH,AHMEDETAL,2004MUKHERJEEETAL,2006ARSENICINGROUNDWATERISOFTENASSOCIATEDWITHGEOLOGICSOURCES,BUTINSOMELOCATIONSANTHROPOGENICINPUTSCANBEEXTREMELYIMPORTANTINGESTIONOFGEOGENICASFROMGROUNDWATERSOURCESISMANIFESTEDASCHRONICHEALTHDISORDERSINMOSTOFTHEAFFECTEDREGIONSOFTHEWORLDBGSFAX4684110775EMAILADDRESSPROSUNKTHSEPBHATTACHARYA00489697/SEEFRONTMATTERCROWNCOPYRIGHT?2007PUBLISHEDBYELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JSCITOTENV200702037MMAIIIISMORETOXICTHANASIIIANDASVVIZPETRICKETAL,2000,200114AGRICULTURETHEADVERSEEFFECTSOFASINGROUNDWATERUSEDFORIRRIGATIONWATERONCROPSANDAQUATICECOSYSTEMSISALSOOFMAJORCONCERNINADDITIONTOPOTENTIALHUMANHEALTHIMPACTSCAUSEDBYINGESTIONOFFOODCONTAININGAS,THEPOTENTIALFORREDUCEDCROPYIELDDUETOITSBUILDUPINTHESOILISANACTIVEAREAOFRESEARCHTHEFATEOFASINAGRICULTURALSOILSISOFTENLESSWELLSTUDIEDCOMPAREDTOGROUNDWATER,ANDINGENERALHASBEENSTUDIEDINTHECONTEXTOFASUPTAKEBYDIFFERENTPLANTSHUQETAL,2001,2006DASETAL,2004ALRMALLIETAL,2005CORRELLETAL,2006NAIDUETAL,2006CROPQUALITYANDTHEEFFECTOFASONCROPQUALITYANDYIELDISBECOMINGAMAJORWORLDWIDECONCERN,PARTICULARLYFORRICEWHICHFORMSTHESTAPLEFORMANYSOUTHASIANCOUNTRIESWHEREGROUNDWATERISWIDELYUSEDFORIRRIGATIONMEHARGANDRAHMAN,2003INARECENTSTUDYITWASREPORTEDTHATIRRIGATIONHASINCREASEDINBANGLADESHSINCE1970,WHILESINCE1980,THEAREAUNDERGROUNDWATERIRRIGATIONFORTHECULTIVATIONOFBORORICEHASINCREASEDBYALMOSTANORDEROFMAGNITUDEHARVEYETAL,2005BASEDONAVAILABLEINFORMATIONONTHEDISTRIBUTIONOFASCONCENTRATIONINGROUNDWATERBGSANDDPHE,2001ANDTHEAREAUNDERSHALLOWTUBEWELLIRRIGATIONBADC,2005,SAHA2006ESTIMATEDTHATAPPROXIMATELY1000METRICTONSOFASISCYCLEDWITHIRRIGATIONWATERDURINGTHEDRYSEASONOFEACHYEARRICEYIELDHASBEENREPORTEDTODECREASEBY10ATACONCENTRATIONOF25MG/KGASINSOILXIONGETAL,1987AGREENHOUSESTUDYBYABEDINETAL2002REVEALEDREDUCEDYIELDOFALOCALVARIETYOFRICEBR11IRRIGATEDWITHWATERHAVINGASCONCENTRATIONSINTHERANGEOF02TO8MG/LTHEACCUMULATIONOFASINRICEFIELDSOILSANDITSINTRODUCTIONINTOTHEFOODCHAINTHROUGHUPTAKEBYTHERICEPLANTISOFMAJORCONCERNDUXBURYETAL,200315ANTHROPOGENICARSENICLARGEQUANTITIESOFASARERELEASEDINTOTHEENVIRONMENTTHROUGHINDUSTRIALACTIVITIES,WHICHCANBEDISPERSEDWIDELYANDASSUCHPLAYANIMPORTANTROLEINTHECONTAMINATIONOFSOILS,WATERS,ANDAIRNRIAGU,1989JACKSANDBHATTACHARYA,1998JUILLOTETAL,1999MATSCHULLAT,2000PACYNAANDPACYNA,2001ELEVATEDCONCENTRATIONSOFASINSOILSOCCURONLYLOCALLY,BUTINAREASOFFORMERINDUSTRIALAREASITMAYCAUSEENVIRONMENTALCONCERNNRIAGU,1994SMITHETAL,1998KABATAPENDIASANDPENDIAS,2001ALTHOUGHMANYMINERALSCONTAINASCOMPOUNDS,THEANTHROPOGENICCONTRIBUTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENTINTHEPASTACCOUNTEDFOR82,000METRICTONS/YEARWORLDWIDENRIAGUANDPACYNA,1988INORGANICASCOMPOUNDSSUCHASCALCIUMARSENATE,LEADAR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