簡介：JOURNALOFBIOTECHNOLOGY1192005324–331MYOSTATINGENESILENCEDBYRNAISHOWAZEBRAFISHGIANTPHENOTYPEJANNELACOSTA1,YAMILACARPIO1,INGRIDBORROTO,OSMANYGONZ′ALEZ,MARIOPABLOESTRADA?AQUATICSBIOTECHNOLOGYPROJECT,ANIMALBIOTECHNOLOGYDIVISION,CENTERFORGENETICENGINEERINGANDBIOTECHNOLOGY,POBOX6162,HABANA10600,CUBARECEIVED23DECEMBER2004RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM15APRIL2005ACCEPTED27APRIL2005ABSTRACTMYOSTATINISAMEMBEROFTHETRANSFORMINGGROWTHFACTOR?TGF?FAMILYTHATFUNCTIONSASANEGATIVEREGULATOROFSKELETALMUSCLEDEVELOPMENTANDGROWTHRECENTLY,ITHASBEENREPORTEDTHATTHETRANSGENICZEBRAFISHEXPRESSINGMYOSTATINPRODOMAINEXHIBITEDANINCREASEDNUMBEROFFIBERINSKELETALMUSCLEOTHERNOVELRESULTSSUGGESTTHATMYOSTATINPLAYSAMAYORROLEDURINGMYOGENESIS,APARTFROMINHIBITIONOFPROLIFERATIONASWELLASDIFFERENTIATIONWEHAVEINVESTIGATEDTHEABILITYOFDOUBLESTRANDEDRNADSRNATOINHIBITMYOSTATINFUNCTIONINTHEZEBRAFISHBYMICROINJECTIONDSRNA,CORRESPONDINGTOBIOLOGICALLYACTIVECTERMINALDOMAINFROMAMINOACID268TOENDCODONOFTILAPIAMYOSTATINPROTEIN,WEPRODUCEDANINCREASEDBODYMASSINTREATEDFISHTHEDSRNAINJECTIONINEARLYDEVELOPMENTSTAGEINZEBRAFISHPRODUCEDHYPERPLASIAORHYPERTROPHYINADDITION,THEINTERFERENCEOFGENEFUNCTIONSHOWEDASTRONGDEPENDENCEONTHEAMOUNTOFDSRNA?2005ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSZEBRAFISHMYOSTATINRNAIGENESILENCINGHYPERTROPHYHYPERPLASIA1INTRODUCTIONTHEMYOSTATINMSTNISAMEMBEROFTHETRANSFORMINGGROWTHFACTOR?TGF?ANDITHASAPIVOTALROLEASANEGATIVEREGULATOROFSKELETALMUSCLEGROWTHINSEVERALMAMMALIANSPECIES?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORTEL5372718466X5154FAX5372731779EMAILADDRESSMARIOPABLOCIGBEDUCUMPESTRADA1JANNELACOSTAANDYAMILACARPIOCONTRIBUTEDEQUALLYTOTHISWORKTHE“DOUBLEMUSCLE”BREEDSOFCATTLETHATHAVESIGNIFICANTLYMOREMUSCLEMASSTHANSTANDARDBREEDSWEREFOUNDTOCARRYNATURALMUTATIONSINTHEMYOSTATINGENEMCPHERRONANDLEE,1997KAMBADURETAL,1997GROBETETAL,1997,1998MYOSTATINKNOCKOUTMICESHOWADRAMATICINCREASEOFSKELETALMUSCLEMASS,ANDTHEINCREASERESULTSFROMACOMBINATIONOFHYPERPLASIAANDHYPERTROPHYMCPHERRONETAL,1997IN2001,LEEANDMCPHERRONREPORTEDTHATTRANSGENICMICEEXPRESSINGTHEMYOSTATINPRODOMAIN,FOLLISTATINORDOMINANTNEGATIVEFORMOFACTIVINRECEPTORTYPEIIB01681656/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2005ELSEVIERBVALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JJBIOTEC200504023326JACOSTAETAL/JOURNALOFBIOTECHNOLOGY1192005324–331CDNAWASSYNTHESIZEDIN20?LREVERSETRANSCRIPTIONRTREACTIONFROM5?GOFTOTALRNABYUSINGREVERSETRANSCRIPTIONSYSTEMPROMEGAPCRWASPERFORMEDWITH20?LOFTHE15DILUTIONOFRTREACTIONTHEPRIMERSUSEDTOPCRAMPLIFYTHE496BPOFZEBRAFISHMYOSTATINANDMAX476BPCDNAUSEDASANINTERNALSTANDARDTONORMALIZEDIFFERENCESINTEMPLATEAMOUNTSWERETHESAMEUSEDBYAMALIETAL2004THEPCRPROGRAMWASANINITIALDENATURATIONAT94?CFOR2MIN,A35CYCLESFORMYOSTATINAND30CYCLESFORMAXWASPERFORMEDAT94?CFOR30S,55?CFOR30SAND72?CFOR1MINTHEFINALEXTENSIONTIMEWAS7MINAT72?CTHEPCRPRODUCTSWERESUBJECTEDTO1GELELECTROPHORESISTHEINTENSITIESOFTHEBANDSWEREQUANTIFIEDON1DIMAGEANALYSISSOFTWAREKODAKANDUSEDFORTHECALCULATIONOFTHERELATIVEGENEEXPRESSIONVALUESTHECYCLENUMBERFORTHEGENEEXPRESSIONSTUDYWASDETERMINEDBYAVALIDATIONTESTINWHICHTHEPCRWASPERFORMEDASDESCRIBEDBUTTERMINATEDATDIFFERENTCYCLENUMBERAKINETICPROFILEOFTHEAMOUNTOFPCRPRODUCTGENERATEDATDIFFERENTPCRCYCLESWASCONSTRUCTEDANDTHECYCLENUMBERUSEDWASCHOSENWITHINTHEEXPONENTIALREGIONOFTHEAMPLIFICATIONCURVETHISISTOENSURETHATTHEAMOUNTOFTHEPCRPRODUCTREFLECTSTHEAMOUNTOFTEMPLATEINTHEORIGINALSAMPLE23GROWTHEVALUATIONANDMUSCLEHISTOLOGICALANALYSISTODETERMINETHEBODYWEIGHTSALLFISHWEREWEIGHTEDAT30,60AND75DAYSPOSTMICROINJECTIONFORMUSCLEHISTOLOGICALANALYSIS,TWENTYINDIVIDUALFISHFROMEACHGROUPWEREFIXEDINFORMOLFOR10HFOLLOWEDBYROUTINEPARAFFINSECTIONINGANDHAEMATOXILIN/EOSINSTAININGAVERTICALSECTIONATTHEBASEOFTHEFIRSTPINOFTHEPELVICFINWASSELECTEDFORQUANTIFICATIONOFTHENUMBEROFMUSCLEFIBERSSTAINEDSECTIONSWEREPHOTOGRAPHEDANDTHEIMAGESWEREANALYZEDUSINGDIGIPATPROGRAMVERSION33,EICISOFT,CUBATHETOTALNUMBEROFFIBERSINAGIVENAREAWASDETERMINEDBYCOUNTINGTHEMUNDERAMICROSCOPEATAFIXEDMAGNIFICATION2024STATISTICALANALYSISERRORBARSINDICATESTANDARDERROROFTHEMEANINDICATESTHATP001ANDP005,FORSTUDENT’STTESTCOMPARINGTHEMICROINJECTEDGROUPTOCONTROLGROUP3RESULTSANDDISCUSSIONRECENTLYTHETILAPIAOREOCHROMISMOSSAMBICUSMYOSTATINGENEGENBANKACCESSIONNOAF197193WASIDENTIFIEDANDCLONEDTHENUCLEICANDAMINOACIDSEQUENCESFROMTILAPIAAREHIGHLYHOMOLOGOUSTOZEBRAFISH,WHICHISAPPROXIMATELY74IDENTICALTOTILAPIADNASEQUENCERODGERETAL,2001WEGENERATEDDSRNACORRESPONDINGTOTHEBIOLOGICALLYACTIVECTERMINALDOMAINFROMTHEAMINOACID268TOENDCODONOFTHETILAPIAMYOSTATINPROTEINTODETERMINEWHETHERTILAPIAMYOSTATINDSRNAISCAPABLEOFSTIMULATEZEBRAFISHGROWTH,THEDSRNASYNTHESIZEDWASINTRODUCEDINTOZEBRAFISHEMBRYOSUSINGSTANDARDMICROINJECTIONTECHNIQUESANDTHEEMBRYOSGROWNFORASSAYEXPOSUREOFAPARENTALANIMALTOONLYAFEWMOLECULESOFDSRNAPERCELLTRIGGEREDGENESILENCINGTHROUGHOUTTHETREATEDANIMALHANNON,2002WEASSAYEDTWODOSESOFDSRNA,5AND5106MOLECULESOFDSRNAPEREMBRYOINORDERTODETERMINETHEBODYWEIGHTGAIN,WEWEIGHTEDALLFISHAT30,60AND75DAYSPOSTMICROINJECTIONANDCOMPAREDBOTHTREATEDGROUPSWITHTHEIRCONTROLSAT75DAYSPOSTMICROINJECTIONTHEAVERAGEBODYWEIGHTOFMICROINJECTEDFISHWITH55AND55106MOLECULESOFDSRNAWASINCREASEDBY39AND45,RESPECTIVELY,COMPAREDWITHTHEIRCONTROLSFIG1TABLE1THEPHENOTYPEOBSERVEDWASCONSISTENTWITHTRANSGENICZEBRAFISHEXPRESSINGMYOSTATINPRODOMAIN,BUTTHEINCREASEOFBODYWEIGHTWASHIGHERTHANHOMOZYGOUSTRANSGENICZEBRAFISH,WHICHHAVE10–15OFINCREASEINBODYMASSCOMPAREDWITHNONTRANSGENICFISHXUETAL,2003INCONCORDANCEWITHPREVIOUSRESULTSLIETAL,2000,WEOBSERVEDADOSERESPONSEFORGENERATIONOFTHEPHENOTYPESEXPECTEDTHEANIMALMICROINJECTEDWITH5106MOLECULESOFDSRNASHOWEDAMOREDRAMATICINCREASEINAVERAGEBODYWEIGHTTHANTHOSEINJECTEDWITHFIVEMOLECULESDOUBLESTRANDEDRNAINJECTIONDIDNOTPRODUCEOBVIOUSNONSPECIFICDEFECTS,ANDMICROINJECTEDFISHAPPEAREDHEALTHYFIG2CONSISTENTWITHOURRESULTS,LIETAL2000CLAIMEDTHATMORETHAN80OF

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簡介：中文中文7700字出處出處WENTZELJJ,CHATZIZISISYS,GIJSENFJ,ETALENDOTHELIALSHEARSTRESSINTHEEVOLUTIONOFCORONARYATHEROSCLEROTICPLAQUEANDVASCULARREMODELLINGCURRENTUNDERSTANDINGANDREMAININGQUESTIONSJCARDIOVASCULARRESEARCH,2012,96223443本科外文翻譯內皮剪切力在冠狀動脈粥樣硬化斑塊和血管重內皮剪切力在冠狀動脈粥樣硬化斑塊和血管重建進展中的作用機制當前的理解和存在的問建進展中的作用機制當前的理解和存在的問題ENDOTHELIALSHEARSTRESSINTHEEVOLUTIONOFCORONARYATHEROSCLEROTICPLAQUEANDVASCULARREMODELLINGCURRENTUNDERSTANDINGANDREMAININGQUESTIONS學部（院）電子信息與電氣工程學部專業(yè)生物醫(yī)學工程學生姓名學號指導教師完成日期內皮剪切力在冠狀動脈粥樣硬化斑塊和血管重建進展中的作用機制當前的理解和存在的問題–2–位的內側緣，這些部位存在紊亂的血流和低ESS。相反，乳溝動脈是暴露在生理狀態(tài)下的ESS是抗粥樣硬化的。早期對ESS和斑塊位置之間聯(lián)系的觀察主要是在尸體解剖材料上，因此，不能觀察到ESS對動脈粥硬化的影響?；谘茉煊昂脱軆瘸暤脑隗w動脈血管三維重建的優(yōu)點開辟了新的觀察途徑來研究ESS在動脈粥樣硬化自然進程中的作用（圖1）。這些三維重建技術已經得到了在體驗證并且在全世界很多的中心得到了應用。通過這些技術，已經發(fā)現(xiàn)了低ESS區(qū)域和動脈粥樣硬化斑塊，以及低ESS區(qū)域和冠狀動脈患者、實驗動物的支架內再狹窄之間的位置關聯(lián)。而且，通過一系列的測量顯示低ESS環(huán)境在斑塊的進展，斑塊向有破裂傾向的斑塊發(fā)展中也起到了作用。另一個觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)是，開始向官腔內侵入的成熟（ADVANCED）斑塊回暴露在高水平ESS，這可能參與到急性斑塊的破裂。圖1基于雙平面血管造影和血管內超聲融合三維（3D）重建人體冠狀動脈。中央面板顯示用相同的方向作為正向和側向雙平面血管造影描繪左前降支（LAD）三維重建，右冠狀動脈（RCA），左回旋（LCX）。左面板和右面板分別顯示正向和側向雙平面血管造影的冠狀動脈。早期損傷發(fā)展到暴露在官腔內的成熟（ADVANCED）高危斑塊或是出現(xiàn)管腔狹窄的高危斑塊的病理生理機制尚不明確。局部ESS環(huán)境，血管重建和血管生物學之間的動態(tài)

簡介：?2014WOODHEADPUBLISHINGLIMITED30311SOFTBIOCOMPOSITESFROMNATURALRUBBERNRANDMARINEPRODUCTSSPOOMPRADUB,CHULALONGKORNUNIVERSITY,THAILANDDOI101533/97808570969132303ABSTRACTBIOCOMPOSITESHAVEATTRACTEDCONSIDERABLEATTENTIONDUETOTHEIRLOWCOST,BIODEGRADABILITYANDPOTENTIALLYSUSTAINABLYRENEWABLENATURETHISISESPECIALLYTHECASEFORTHOSEBIOCOMPOSITESWHOSECOMPONENTSAREFREEFROMCOMPETITIONMORALANDECONOMICFROMOTHERSOURCES,ESPECIALLYFOODCROPS,ORENVIRONMENTALDAMAGETHEREAREABUNDANTWAYSTOPRESERVETHEENVIRONMENTTOGETHERWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNEWCOMPOSITEMATERIALSTHEAVAILABLEWASTEFROMTHEFOODINDUSTRYTHATCOMESFROMMARINEANIMALSISCOMPOSEDOFVERYLARGEAMOUNTSOFENDOOREXOSKELETONSTHESECONSISTOFCALCIUMCARBONATECACO3ORCHITINANDCANBEUSEDASREINFORCINGFILLERSFORNATURALRUBBERUNDEROPTIMALCURINGCONDITIONSANDFILLERLEVELS,GREENCACO3DERIVEDFROMCUTTLEBONESCOULDPROVIDEIMPROVEDMECHANICALANDBIODEGRADABLEPROPERTIESTONRVULCANIZATESASTHENONGREENCOMMERCIALCACO3KEYWORDSNATURALRUBBERNR,MARINEPRODUCTS,BIOBASEDFILLER,CALCIUMCARBONATE111INTRODUCTIONTHEWORLDISCOMPOSEDOFTHETHREEMAINPHYSICALDOMAINSOFLANDANDWATERONTHESURFACEWITHAIRABOVE,WITHALLLIFEBEINGDEPENDENTUPONWATERALMOST80OFTHESURFACEAREAOFTHEEARTHISWATEROCEANS,SEAS,RIVERS,LAKES,ETCTHEAQUACULTUREINDUSTRYBOTHINLANDANDCOASTALISINCREASINGDUETOIMPROVEMENTSINAQUACULTUREMETHODOLOGIESANDANINCREASEINHUMANPOPULATIONHIGHANDINCREASINGRATESOFSEAFOODCONSUMPTIONLEADTOTHEPROBLEMOFINCREASINGAMOUNTSOFNONUTILIZEDCOMPONENTSOFMARINEFOODPRODUCTS,IEWASTETHESUSTAINABLE,CHEAPANDABUNDANTSUPPLYOFWASTEFROMMARINEFOODPRODUCTS,INCLUDINGAQUACULTUREDSPECIES,HASBEENEVALUATEDFORVARIOUSUSESTHISCHAPTERREVIEWSTHEUSEOFMARINEPRODUCTWASTESASAFILLERFORNATURALRUBBERNR,ANDSPECIFICALLYTHEIRUSETOIMPROVETHEPROPERTIESOFNRCOMPOSITESTHEDEPLETINGRESERVESOFNONRENEWABLEFOSSILFUELSANDINCREASINGAWARENESSOFENVIRONMENTALISSUESFORTHEFUTURESUSTAINABILITYOFHUMANLIFEONTHEPLANETHAVELEDTOANINCREASINGINTERESTINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSUSTAINABLYRENEWABLEGREENMATERIALSANDCOMPOSITESACCORDINGLY,MOREPEOPLEARECONCERNEDABOUTTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHENEXTGENERATIONOF305SOFTBIOCOMPOSITESFROMNATURALRUBBERANDMARINEPRODUCTSASSEENINTABLE111,FROMTHETENEXAMPLESSHOWN,AFAIRLYDIVERSEARRAYOFMARINEPRODUCTSISCURRENTLYUSEDBASEDUPONHAVINGAMAJORCOMPOSITIONOFCACO3,CHITINTYPICALLYUSEDASTHEDERIVATIVECHITOSAN,PROTEIN,CARBOHYDRATE,ORSILICASIO2SUCHCACO3,CHITINORSIO2BASEDWASTESCANBEUSEDASREINFORCINGFILLERSINGENERAL,CARBONBLACK,SIO2ANDCACO3HAVEBEENTHEMOSTCOMMONLYUSEDAGENTSASREINFORCINGFILLERSINVARIOUSRUBBERAPPLICATIONSREINFORCEMENTISEXPRESSEDASANENHANCEMENTOFTHEMODULUS,TENSILEPROPERTIES,HARDNESS,TEARRESISTANCEORABRASIONRESISTANCEHOWEVER,CARBONBLACKANDSIO2ARECURRENTLYOBTAINEDASNONRENEWABLEMATERIALSFROMTHEINCOMPLETECOMBUSTIONOFHYDROCARBONFEEDSTOCKANDCHEMICALPROCESSES,RESPECTIVELYCACO3HASBEENUTILIZEDASGENERALFILLERTOIMPROVETHEPROPERTIESOFVARIOUSKINDSOFRUBBERANDPLASTICCOMPOSITESFORMANYYEARSCONSEQUENTLY,THISHASFOCUSEDTHEATTENTIONOFSCIENTISTSTODEVELOPTHESEANDOTHERGREENMATERIALSASEFFICIENTREINFORCINGFILLERSTHEAIMISTOREDUCETHEPROCESSINGCOSTANDFINALPRICEOFTHEGREENERPRODUCTS,ASWELLASTOHELPPROTECTTHEENVIRONMENT,COMPAREDTOTHEUSEOFTRADITIONALSYNTHETICFILLERSWHENOBTAINEDFROMMARINEPRODUCTS,CACO3ISANECOFRIENDLYSUBSTANCETHATSELFDEGRADESINNATURE,ISABUNDANT,EASYTOOBTAINANDHASALOWPRICEDUETOITBEINGAWASTEPRODUCTFROMTHESEAFOODINDUSTRYTHEAPPLICATIONOFCACO3ININDUSTRIESHASGROWNSIGNIFICANTLYOVERTHELAST30YEARSAMONGSTTHESEUSES,CACO3PARTICLESHAVEBEENUTILIZEDASFILLERSINTHERUBBERINDUSTRYTOIMPARTSPECIFICBENEFICIALPROPERTIESTOTHECOMPOSITERUBBERPRODUCTSANDTOREDUCETHECOSTOFTHEPRODUCTSADDITIONALLY,CACO3FINDSAPPLICATIONSINTHEPLASTICS,PAINTSANDSURFACECOATINGS,PAPER,FOODANDOYSTERBLUEMUSSELSHELLCUTTLEBONELOBSTERCORALDIATOM111SIXREPRESENTATIVEMARINECRUSTACEANSWHOSENATURALFORMORWASTEPRODUCTSFROMTHEFOODINDUSTRYAREUSEDASFILLERS

簡介：中文中文10438字，字，6400單詞，單詞，33500英文字符英文字符出處出處POOMPRADUBSSOFTBIOCOMPOSITESFROMNATURALRUBBERNRANDMARINEPRODUCTSJCHEMISTRY,MANUFACTUREANDAPPLICATIONSOFNATURALRUBBER,2014303來自天然橡膠（NR）和海洋產品的軟生物復合材料作者SPOOMPRADUB，朱拉隆功大學，泰國。數(shù)字對象標識符101533/97808570969132303摘要生物復合材料的成本低以及生物降解性和潛在的可持續(xù)和可再生的性質，已經引起了相當多的關注。特別是那些生物復合材料，它的開發(fā)和利用等不用消耗其它方面的資源（道德和經濟），尤其是不會發(fā)生糟蹋糧食作物，或環(huán)境損害的情況。其豐富的方式與新型復合材料的開發(fā)保護環(huán)境在一起。它們來自食品行業(yè)的可用廢棄物，以及海洋動物大量外骨骼。成分包括碳酸鈣（CACO3）或幾丁質，并且可以被用作增強填料為天然橡膠。在最佳固化條件和填料的水平下，從墨魚骨衍生出的綠色碳酸鈣可以提供改進的機械性能和可生物降解的性質的硫化膠作為非綠色商業(yè)碳酸鈣。關鍵詞天然橡膠（NR），海洋產品，生物系填料，碳酸鈣。111介紹世界是由陸地和水與空氣三個主要的物理域組成的，其中所有的生命都依賴于水。地球的表面面積大約80％是水（海洋，河流，湖泊等）。水產養(yǎng)殖業(yè)（包括內陸和沿海）正在大量增加，而且海產品也是以很高的消費量的增加，為了改善水產養(yǎng)殖的方法和增加養(yǎng)殖的面積，來提高海洋食品的非利用成分，可以利用廢棄物或者海洋食品，而水產養(yǎng)殖品種持續(xù)，價格便宜，貨源充足，已開發(fā)于各種用途。本章回顧了利用海洋產品廢物作為填料的天然橡膠（NR），特別是它們的使用，以提高NR復合材料的性能。然而由于不可再生的化石燃料的減少及污染問題，以及人類對環(huán)境問題的認識不斷提高，人類對未來可持續(xù)性的消耗儲備導致的可持續(xù)再生的綠色環(huán)保材料和復合材料發(fā)展表現(xiàn)出了越來越大的興趣。因此，更多的人開始關注下一代材料，產品和工藝的發(fā)展，包括他們對環(huán)境和經濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展，生態(tài)友好，高效，并使用綠色化學。管理海產品廢棄物綠色的方式，最好的辦法是重用他們。生物降解塑料和生物基聚合物產品基于一應俱全，可再生可持續(xù)農業(yè)和原料廢棄生物質，沒有道德上或經濟上與糧食生產發(fā)生沖突。這些可以形成的基礎，可持續(xù)，生態(tài)效益的產品，可以在競爭，捕捉由專門的石油原料為基礎的產品目前占主導地位的市場的投資組合。一些管理這些廢料的最佳方式似乎是將其用作復合材料。一些有代表性的海產的主要組成列于表111，而圖111示出了可以用作源NR填料相關海洋甲殼類六個例子。表111海洋產品用于作為填充物的主要成分（S）蠔藍色貽貝殼墨魚骨硅藻珊瑚龍蝦111六種代表海洋甲殼類的動物，其天然形式或廢產物從食品工業(yè)中用作填料。如表111所示，從示出的實施例10，目前基于使用時具有碳酸鈣，殼多糖（通常用作衍生物殼聚糖），蛋白質，碳水化合物，或二氧化硅（SIO2）的一個主要組合物的海洋產品的一個相當多樣化。這樣碳酸鈣，殼多糖或SIO2為基礎的廢物可以用作補強填料。在一般情況下，炭黑，SIO2和CACO3一直在各種橡膠應用增強填料是最常用的藥物。加固被表示為增強的模量，拉伸性能，硬度，耐撕裂或耐磨損性。然而，當前分別從烴原料和化學過程中獲得炭黑和SIO2，不完全燃燒的不可再生的材料。石灰石被用作普通的填料，以改善各種橡膠和塑料的復合材料的性能。因此，相對于使用傳統(tǒng)的合成的填料，這種科學家集中開發(fā)的這些和其它綠色材料作為有效增強填料目的是為了減少處理成本獲得更環(huán)保的產品的和最終價格，以及為保護環(huán)境。當從海洋獲得產品時，石灰石是一種環(huán)保型物質，由于它是從海產品行業(yè)廢品，有自我降解性，是豐富的而且容易獲得且具有價格低廉。CACO3在行業(yè)的應用顯著增長已經超過了過去30年。在這些用途中，碳酸鈣粒子已被用作橡膠工業(yè)中的填料來賦予特定有益的性能，以制得復合橡膠制品，并降低了產品的成本。另外，石灰石中可應用于塑料，油漆和表面涂料，造紙，食品和醫(yī)藥品，膩子，膩子膠和密封劑，化妝品，炸藥和煙火工業(yè)。殼多糖，N乙酰氨基葡糖的長鏈聚合物，另一方面，在很大程度上是由食品工業(yè)生產蟹殼和蝦的外骨骼的廢棄生物質獲得。它通常是部分脫乙?；问剑撘阴ざ嗵牵瑸樘盍系南鹉z復合材料（GOPALAN奈爾和杜佛尼，2003年）。然而，在本章主要的重點是碳酸鈣的組合物，而不是殼多糖/脫乙酰殼多糖，來自海洋產物和廢物生物碳酸鈣充當綠色填料以改善NR復合材料的能

簡介：ASSESSMENTOFVASOMOTOROSCILLATIONSWITHFOURIERANALYSISOFBIOLOGICALTISSUEIMPEDANCEANESTEROV,IGAVRILOV,LSELECTOR,IMUDRAYAANDSREVENKO1NATIONALCARDIOLOGYCENTER,RESEARCHINSTITUTEOFUROLOGY,MOSCOW,RUSSIAEMAILS_REVENKOMAILRUABSTRACTFOURIERANALYSISREVEALEDANUMBEROFPERIODICITIESINSMALLVARIATIONSOFBIOIMPEDANCEOFHUMANFINGERINCLUDINGTHEMAJORSPECTRUMPEAKSATTHEFREQUENCIESOFHEARTBEATS,RESPIRATION,ANDMAYERWAVE01HZTHESEPERIODICVARIATIONSOFBIOIMPEDANCEWEREDETECTEDUNDERTHENORMALCONDITIONSANDDURINGBLOODFLOWARRESTINTHEHANDBYAPNEUMATICCUFFPLACEDONTHEARMTHEYAREEXPLAINEDBYPERIODICVARIATIONSINSYSTEMICBLOODPRESSUREANDBYOSCILLATIONSOFREGIONALVASCULARTONERESULTEDFROMNEURALVASOMOTORCONTROLDURINGNORMALBLOODFLOW,THEGREATESTVARIATIONSINBIOIMPEDANCEWEREOBSERVEDATTHEHEARTRATE,ANDTHEIRAMPLITUDESURPASSEDBYANORDEROFMAGNITUDETHEAMPLITUDESOFRESPIRATORYOSCILLATIONSANDMAYERWAVEINCONTRAST,DURINGBLOODARREST,THELARGESTAMPLITUDEOFRHYTHMICALCHANGESOFTHEIMPEDANCECHARACTERIZEDTHEOSCILLATIONSATRESPIRATIONRATE,WHILETHEAMPLITUDEOFOSCILLATIONSATTHEHEARTRATEWASTHESMALLESTDURINGNORMALRESPIRATIONANDCIRCULATION,TWOSIDECARDIACPEAKSWEREREVEALEDINBIOIMPEDANCEAMPLITUDESPECTRUMWHICHDISAPPEAREDDURINGRESPIRATIONARRESTANDTHOUGHTTOREFLECTTHEAMPLITUDERESPIRATORYMODULATIONOFTHECARDIACOUTPUTVIASYMPATHETICINFLUENCESDURINGNORMALBREATHING,THESECONDANDTHETHIRDHARMONICSOFTHECARDIACSPECTRUMPEAKWERESPLITREFLECTINGFREQUENCYRESPIRATORYMODULATIONOFTHEHEARTRATEBYPARASYMPATHETICINFLUENCESTHERESULTSFAVOURAPPLICABILITYOFFOURIERANALYSISOFBIOIMPEDANCEVARIATIONSINASSESSMENTOFREGIONALNEURALINFLUENCESANDNEUROGENICMODULATIONOFCARDIACACTIVITY1INTRODUCTIONASPECTACULARPROGRESSINMICROELECTRONICSRESULTEDINAPPEARANCEOFLOWNOISECHIPSANDPOWERFULCOMPUTERSWHICHMADEITPOSSIBLETOMEASUREANDANALYZESMALLBIOIMPEDANCEVARIATIONSWITHALABORATORYMADEHIGHRESOLUTIONIMPEDANCECONVERTERANDORIGINALSOFTWAREWEANALYZEDBIOIMPEDANCEVARIATIONSINHUMANFINGERWITHFOURIERTRANSFORMINTHEFREQUENCYBANDOF008150HZUNDERTHENORMALCONDITIONSANDDURINGCIRCULATIONARRESTINTHEARMOPTIONALLYCOMBINEDWITHEXPIRATORYDELAYFOR40SECTHEAIMWASTOASSESSTHENEUROGENICCONTRIBUTIONTOBIOIMPEDANCEVARIATIONS,WHICHPROBABLYRESULTFROMVASOMOTORACTIVITYOFSYMPATHETICNERVESYSTEM2METHODSBIOIMPEDANCEWASMEASUREDWITHORIGINALIMPEDANCECONVERTERBASEDONSYNCHRONOUSDETECTIONPRINCIPLERESULTINGINTOTAL“BASIC”REALPARTOFIMPEDANCEINTHEFREQUENCYBANDOF0–15HZRANDTHEVARIABLECOMPONENTOFTHISREALPARTINTHEFREQUENCYBANDOF008–15HZRTHEMEASURING1TOWHOMANYCORRESPONDENCESHOULDBEADDRESSEDINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONELECTRICALBIOIMPEDANCEIOPPUBLISHINGJOURNALOFPHYSICSCONFERENCESERIES2242010012125DOI101088/17426596/224/1/012125C?2010IOPPUBLISHINGLTD1FIGURE2AMPLITUDESPECTRUMOFBIOIMPEDANCEVARIATIONSINHUMANFINGEROVERBROADFREQUENCYRANGEWITHMAYER’SPEAK1,RESPIRATORYPEAK2,FOURCARDIACHARMONICS3TO3’’’’,ANDTHESIDEPEAKS3L,3R,ETCNOTETHEBREAKINORDINATEANOTHERIMPORTANTOBSERVATIONISSPLITTINGOFHIGHERHARMONICSOFTHECARDIACPEAKOBSERVEDUNDERNORMALCONDITIONSINSOMECASESFIGURE3,ASUCHSPLITTINGWASFARLESSPRONOUNCEDUNDERRESPIRATIONDELAYFIGURE3,BSPLITTINGOFAPEAKCANBEEXPLAINEDBYFREQUENCYMODULATIONOFBASICOSCILLATORYPROCESSWITHANOTHERPROCESSGOINGONATASMALLERRATEINTHISCASE,SPLITTINGCANRESULTFROMVAGALMODULATIONOFTHEHEARTRATEATTHERESPIRATIONFREQUENCYINTHISEXPERIMENT,THEOSCILLATIONSWERECUTOFFBELOW03HZ,SONOMAYERPEAKISSEENINFIGURE3FIGURE3THERESPIRATORY2ANDSIDECARDIACPEAKSLANDRAREOBSERVEDUNDERNORMALCONDITIONSABUTDISAPPEAREDDURINGEXPIRATORYDELAYBINORDERTOASSESSTHECHANGESINBIOIMPEDANCEOFNONPULSATILENONCARDIACORIGIN,WECOMPAREDTHEBIOIMPEDANCESPECTRADURINGNORMALCIRCULATIONFIGURE4,AANDDURINGBLOODARRESTINTHEARMSFIGURE4,BCIRCULATIONARRESTDIDNOTELIMINATEOSCILLATIONSOFBIOIMPEDANCEALTHOUGHDIMINISHEDTHEIRAMPLITUDEFIGURE4,BUNDERTHESECONDITIONS,THEPERIODICBIOIMPEDANCEOSCILLATIONSCOULDBEPRODUCEDEITHERBYNEUROGENICVASOMOTORINFLUENCESORBYSPONTANEOUSVASOMOTIONSTHELATTERARECHARACTERIZEDWITHABROADRANGEATTHELOWFREQUENCIESOF0008–011HZ4THENARROWSHAPEOFALLPEAKSINFIG4DOESNOTFAVOURTHEHYPOTHESISOFSPONTANEOUSNATUREOFTHECORRESPONDINGBIOIMPEDANCEOSCILLATIONSTHUS,ALLTHEPEAKSINFIGURE4,BAREPROBABLYNEUROGENICANDVASOMOTORINNATUREARRESTOFCIRCULATIONDRAMATICALLYREDUCEDTHECARDIACPEAK,WHICHISATRIVIALCONSEQUENCEOFTHEFACTTHATDURINGNORMALCIRCULATIONTHEMAJORVARIATIONSINBIOIMPEDANCEAREPRODUCEDBYPUMPINGACTIONOFTHEHEARTSURPRISINGLY,THERESPIRATORYPEAK2ANDMAYER’SPEAK1DECREASEDBYNOMORETHAN2FOLDITMEANSTHATDURINGNORMALCIRCULATION,THEHEARTANDSYSTEMICBLOODPRESSUREARENOTTHEMAJORPLAYERSWHOCONTROLTHESERHYTHMICVARIATIONSOFBIOIMPEDANCEDURINGCIRCULATIONARREST,THEINTERNATIONALCONFERENCEONELECTRICALBIOIMPEDANCEIOPPUBLISHINGJOURNALOFPHYSICSCONFERENCESERIES2242010012125DOI101088/17426596/224/1/0121253

簡介：中文中文2020字，字，1560單詞，單詞，8800英文字符英文字符出處出處NESTEROVA,GAVRILOVI,SELECTORL,ETALASSESSMENTOFVASOMOTOROSCILLATIONSWITHFOURIERANALYSISOFBIOLOGICALTISSUEIMPEDANCEC//JOURNALOFPHYSICSCONFERENCESERIESIOPPUBLISHING,2010,22410121251使用生物組織阻抗傅里葉分析使用生物組織阻抗傅里葉分析評估血管舒縮振幅評估血管舒縮振幅ASSESSMENTOFWASOMOTOROSCILLATIONSWITHFOURIERANALYSISOFBIOLOGICALTISSUEIMPEDANCETHETITLEOFFOREIGNLANGUAGE學部（院）電子信息與電氣工程學部專業(yè)生物醫(yī)學工程使用生物阻抗諧波分析為診斷工具評估局部循環(huán)和神經活動3譜做平均。將阻抗變換器與人的中指（N14）的近端指骨連接，將兩個輸出電流和兩個輸出電壓與兩個AG/AGCL電銀絲（直徑為04MM）電極連接起來，電極表面包裹沾有生理鹽水的窄紗布。電極之間的距離是2CM。為了減弱心臟和肺部引起的機械振動，將手臂固定起來。暫時用充氣袖帶把手臂血流阻斷，至少是2倍收縮壓來阻斷手臂的液壓波動。3結果如圖1所示，在正常情況（A）和阻斷左臂血流過程中（C）測量基本阻抗R（B）和可變阻抗成分R。心臟的抽吸作用導致了（A，B）的生物阻抗的大振幅，可以在心臟循環(huán)未阻斷時觀察到更小的一個（C），這反映了血管舒縮的神經活動。圖1，人手指的可變分量（A）和基本生物阻抗（B）。（C）手臂循環(huán)阻斷時的可變分量。另外一個重要的觀察是心臟波峰的高次諧波的分離，它是在某些正常情況下（圖3，B）觀察到的。波峰的分離可以解釋為另外一個基礎震蕩過程的調頻速率更?。辉谶@種情況下，分離可由心臟迷走神經呼吸作用的速率引起。在這個實驗中，震動被切割成低于3HZ的片段，所以圖3中沒有邁爾波。