鍋爐司爐工基礎(chǔ)

1、complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, “a responsibility of three“, “six systems“ requirements of the management system, responsible for “a respons

2、ibility of three“ system and the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, inspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) a

3、nnual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection, evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedba

4、ck from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsible for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment f

5、ocus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Manager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigat

6、ion, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation national of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company “a accountability t

7、hree of“ system requirements, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs approval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,),

8、 by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and第一章 第一章 鍋爐基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 鍋爐基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)本章扼要地介紹鍋爐的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，為司爐人員循序漸進(jìn)地學(xué)好以后各章打下基礎(chǔ)。第一節(jié) 鍋爐容量及參數(shù)一、容 一、容 量鍋爐的容量又稱鍋爐出力，是鍋爐的基本特性參數(shù)，蒸汽鍋爐用蒸發(fā)量表示，熱水鍋爐用熱功率表示。1．蒸發(fā)量蒸汽鍋

9、爐長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)運(yùn)行時(shí)，每小時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的蒸汽量，稱為這臺(tái)鍋爐的蒸發(fā)量．用符號(hào)“D”表示，常剛單位噸／時(shí)(t／h)。鍋爐產(chǎn)品銘牌和設(shè)計(jì)資料上標(biāo)明的蒸發(fā)量數(shù)值是額定蒸發(fā)量，它表示鍋爐受熱面無積灰，使用原設(shè)計(jì)燃料，在額定給水溫度和設(shè)計(jì)的工作壓力并保證效率下長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)運(yùn)行，鍋爐每小時(shí)能產(chǎn)生的蒸發(fā)量。在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中，鍋爐受熱面一點(diǎn)不積灰，煤種一點(diǎn)不變是不可能的，因此鍋爐在實(shí)際運(yùn)行中每小時(shí)最大限度產(chǎn)生的蒸汽量叫最大蒸發(fā)量，這時(shí)鍋爐的熱效率會(huì)有所降低。2．熱功率

10、熱水鍋爐長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)運(yùn)行，在額定回水溫度、壓力和額定循環(huán)水量下，每小時(shí)出水有效帶熱量，稱為這臺(tái)鍋爐的額定熱功率（出力） ，用符號(hào) Q 表示，單位是兆瓦（MW） 。熱水鍋爐產(chǎn)生 0.7 兆瓦（60Х104 千卡／時(shí)）的熱量，大體相當(dāng)于蒸汽鍋爐產(chǎn)生 1 噸／時(shí)蒸汽的熱量。二、壓力 二、壓力垂直均勻作用在單位面積上的力，稱為壓強(qiáng)，人們?nèi)园阉Q為壓力，用符號(hào)“p”表示，單位是兆帕(MPa)，測(cè)量壓力有兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法：一種是以壓力等于零作為測(cè)量起點(diǎn)，稱

11、為絕對(duì)壓力，用符號(hào)“p 絕”表示，另一種是以當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)氐拇髿鈮毫ψ鳛闇y(cè)量起點(diǎn)，也就是壓力表測(cè)量出來的數(shù)值，稱為表壓力，或稱相對(duì)壓力，用符號(hào)“p 表”表示．我們?cè)阱仩t上所用的壓力都是表壓力。complete temporary tasks assigned by the Manager. Second, characteristic functions 1, according to the company, “a responsibili

12、ty of three“, “six systems“ requirements of the management system, responsible for “a responsibility of three“ system and the formulation of major rules and regulations, and is responsible for training, implementation, i

13、nspection and guide its operation; 2, the company responsible for the Department (workshop) annual and monthly economic responsibility economic responsibility system and various special formulation, revision, inspection,

14、 evaluation, internal evaluation, summary, approved and communicated, audits, surveys, feedback from senior Department assessment; 3, responsible for the company's long-term plan, annual plan of work; 4, is responsib

15、le for the company's monthly operating conditions analysis and monthly focus assessment focus; 5 rules and regulations, the company responsible for the development, examination, inspection and training, Discovery Ma

16、nager. 10 quality accidents of work, the company responsible for the Department of investigation, judge, processing, analysis, summary and reporting; 11, and is responsible for implement implementation implementation nat

17、ional of financial system, and financial discipline, according to company “a accountability three of“ system requirements, developed company financial management and financial supervision system (including funds costs ap

18、proval system, and borrowing approval system, and settlement system cash management system,), by Manager approved Hou seriously organization implementation, and implementation, and爐膽、筒體、管子等。二、輻射受熱面 二、輻射受熱面主要以輻射換熱方式從放熱介質(zhì)吸

19、收熱量的受熱面，一般指爐膛內(nèi)能吸收輻射熱(與火焰直接接觸)的受熱面，如水冷壁管、爐膽等。三、對(duì)流受熱面主要以對(duì)流換熱方式從高溫?zé)煔庵形諢崃康氖軣崦妫闶菬煔鉀_刷的受熱面，如煙管、對(duì)流管束等。四、鍋爐熱效率鍋爐有效利用的熱量與單位時(shí)間內(nèi)所消耗燃料的輸入熱量的百分比即為鍋爐熱效率，用符號(hào)“η”表示，其公式表示為：η= （輸出熱量/輸入熱量）100% ?蒸汽鍋爐熱效率 η = 鍋爐正發(fā)熱量*（蒸汽焓-給水焓）每小時(shí)燃料消耗量*燃料地位發(fā)