牛津版高中英語模塊7課本及翻譯

1、 牛津英語模塊七 1牛津版高中英語模塊 牛津版高中英語模塊 7 課本及翻譯 課本及翻譯Unit 1TV and audio devices: a reviewEarly history of TVThe first public showings of wireless TV transmissions were made in 1925 in the USA and in 1926 in

2、Britain. Later, in 1928,the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UK and the USA. Regular public broadcasting followed shortly after, first beginning on 11May 1928 in New York and in London on 20 August 1

3、929. Many different people contributed to the development of TV. Because of this, it is still uncertain who invented TV. Altogether, three men could be responsible.Vladimir Zworykin, a Russian living in the USA, Philo Fa

4、rnsworth, a farm boy from Utah in the USA, and John Logie Baird from Scotland all invented early forms of TV between 1923 and 1927.A few years later, color TV was first shown in 1929. It took more than two decades, thoug

5、h, until 1951, for colour broadcasts to begin in the USA. By 1967, most broadcasts were in color and within five years, more colour than black-and-white TV sets were being used.The modern age: cable TV, satellite TV, dig

6、ital TV, ...Cable TV began in 1948 in the USA, but it took 50 years before 66 per cent of American households had it. Satellites were used to broadcast TV beginning in 1962.Some consider digital TV to be superior to sate

7、llite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures than before. International standards for digital TV were established in 1989 and within five years, consumers in the USA had access to 20

8、0 channels. By 2004, digital TV signals were being received by 55 per cent of households in Britain.In 1996, a completely new concept was introduced when the first Web TV set-top boxes came onto the market. This combines

9、 the TV set with the World Wide Web. With interactive TV programming, you can play along with game shows, respond to questionnaires and chat to other viewers.Early history of audio devicesIt all began in 1877 when Thomas

10、 Edison made the first recording of a human voice. Ten years later, the first record player was developed. It was invented by Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA. At that time, the record player had to be wound up

11、 by hand and only played a record for two minutes. In 1958, the first LPs (long-play records) came onto the market.Tape recorders and players1931 was the year when a German company began to make the first tape recorders,

12、 which could record and play sounds on a tape wound around a round object. In 1948, three American scientists 牛津英語模塊七 3(T=title =subtitle 1 =subtitle2 =subtitle 3 =subtitle 4 =subtitle 5) ○ 1

13、○ 2 ○ 3 ○ 4 ○ 5Unit 2 Two Life-saving medicinesThis article will focus on two medicines that have changed people’s lives. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find

14、 aspirin and penicillin. Both of these medicines have saved millions of people’s lives since they were invented.ASPIRINThe date that aspirin was invented is given by medical historians as 1897,but in fact, 3,500years ago

15、, some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. About 2,500years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from the bark of

16、 a kind of tree to reduce fever and pain. The active chemical in this juice (salicylic acid) helped stop the pain. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) from

17、some other chemicals to make a medicine for his father. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patient

18、s. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500milligrams of ASA. This is one of the first medicines in the world ever to be sold as a standardized tablet. In 1950, aspirin appeared in the

19、Guinness Book of Records as the best-selling painkiller.Not only has aspirin saved many people’s lives by reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence craven,

20、 a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. The report was ignored. However, in 1971

21、,Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin was a blood-thinning medicine, and in 1977, a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke, which is a type of serious illn

22、ess when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that ASA could reduce the risk of colon cancer by 40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was 100 years old and yet

23、 there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of people’s lives. In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that ASA could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with dia