[雙語翻譯]建筑施工組織設計外文翻譯--現(xiàn)代施工組織中參與者的相互作用

1、1950 英文單詞， 英文單詞，11500 英文字符，中文 英文字符，中文 3280 字文獻出處： 文獻出處：Shindina T A. Organization of Interaction between the Participants in Modern Construction [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2016, 150:2113-2118.Organization of Interaction

2、between the Participants in Modern ConstructionT.A. ShindinaAbstractThe construction industry is one of the most important economic sectors of any country. Its state largely determines the level of society development an

3、d its production levels. The construction industry has to provide for the renewal of the productions assets, development and improvement of the social sphere, reconstruction, modernization, technical re-equipment of mate

4、rial goods production in course with modern technology development.The activity organization of the modern construction complex is connected with project implementation and the life cycle of a project. Thus the distingui

5、shing feature of the construction complex is a large number of participants, who perform specific functions. The stability of construction industry is based on systematic repetition of activities in transit from object t

6、o object. The construction complex consists of three horizontal levels (institutional, commercial and project), four organizational stages (conceptual, project, construction, final), which include eleven project implemen

7、tation centers of contractual relationships.Keywords: Construction complex; organization of relationships; life cycle of a construction projectThe construction complex is characterized by a large variety of projects u

8、nder construction. They include industrial, housing and civil, social, transport, agricultural and other buildings and structures. Construction has always been considered to be a special sector of the economy. Constructi

9、on sites retain their unique features, even when they are built according to a standard project using prefabricated structures. Even if construction structures remain unchanged, one object differs from another in locatio

10、n, soil nature and other factors.Construction is different from other industrial sectors of the economy of a country and it is connected with difference in its products. They are property, a variety of architectural and

11、structural plans, and territorial fragmentation of construction products [1, 10, 11, 15]. Construction functioning is greatly influenced by the following specific things: long duration of a production cycle, climate inf

12、luence, an unsteady composition and quality of consumed resources, high non-rhythmicality, mobility, diversity of technological solutions of building and structures construction [2], and also difficulty in coordinating t

13、he activities of all participants of construction, high exposure to random factors. An important part of the construction industry is housing construction. People are buying houses; they consider them to be a stabilizing

14、 factor in life, or investment in something that is not affected by inflation. [3]. Construction work is usually performed far away from administrative offices and firm headquarters. Construction works perform social and

15、 commercial functions, but they cannot be treated the same way that vehicles and other consumer products are.Unlike factory production, the team which is responsible for a project, it is always a new structure that leads

16、 to certain organizational features and creates communication tasks that are characteristics. The construction sector of a country guarantees the presence of government control.3. Sphere — space, which is located within

17、the limits of something; sphere of physical and spiritual life, activity, social environment, environment, atmosphere; a circle of people united by a common social status and occupation. Construction sphere affects probl

18、ems of construction industry organization and creating conditions for its functioning on the basis of investment, social and functional adjustment.4. Industry — a separate area of the economic activity, of science or pro

19、duction. Industry — a set of enterprisesand organizations determined by labour division in society, by specific funds and products. “There is a branch of material production (manufacture, construction, agriculture, trans

20、port, commerce, etc.) and the sector of a non-material sphere (science, education, culture, health, housing and public services)“ [2]. The construction industry includes structures that are directly involved in construct

21、ion processes. Thus, the conceptual content of the construction complex corresponds to the system of existing levels of the complex.Theory, methodology and discussion of the research outcomes. There are 5 groups of enter

22、prises within the construction complex:· ongoing construction organizations and enterprises of the construction industry;· enterprises which supply the construction industry with objects of labor (enterprises o

23、f machinery manufacturing, metal and wood industry, etc.);· enterprises which supply with means of labour (construction and road machinery, production of equipment for enterprises of the construction industry etc.);

24、· infrastructure construction (enterprises on machinery repair, organization of logistics; specialized transportation companies; research and project construction organizations; staff training institutions, etc.);

25、· organizations responsible for the construction management (ministries, departments, etc.).If we consider the state management system of a market construction complex, the system of control is represented as a s

26、ingle whole, where the subject of management is the government and the object of management is the construction complex. The interaction between subject and object in such system occurs implicitly. So the state on the ba

27、sis of legislative changes and budget projects is building a system of influence on the activities of the construction complex, implementing the state policy. The construction complex responds to government influence eit

28、her accepting rules of a game or finding ways to avoid following established rules. Once the object of management finds ways to confront the subject of management, the state is forced to develop new mechanisms and lever

29、s for the complex.In addition to the existence of the vertical connection in construction the horizontal connection is of great importance. The importance of the horizontal connection is determined by the participation o

30、f a large number of companies in implementation of investment and construction projects, which perform various functional tasks required for the effective implementation of the project. Theory and practice of investment

31、and construction projects organization have developed different systems of division of functional responsibilities between project participants, but anyway there is no horizontal connection.A sequence of management objec