european report

1、Throughout history the world “Europe“has been debated and defined time after time and it is used in different meanings and different contexts. There are two notions at the center of the historical and political debate: t

2、he process of European unification, and the idea of European identity. European politicians have argued that a clearly distinct European identity is needed to give the European Union a solid socio-intellectual and cultur

3、al base. However, in Delor's view,the cultural diversity is a stumbling block to the unification process.The idea of European unityEurope can have a geographical,an ethnographical or a historical meaning,and

4、to be used in these contexts accordingly.Jear Baptiste Duroselle(French historian)Foerster(German historian)They disagree on the question of what exactly is meant by “Europe“,and therefore on what the basic of European u

5、nity should be.So the idea of European unity did not succeed in developing into an significant,cogent political concept and indeed the idea has lived a marginal existence.Some of the 20th century proposals for some form

6、of European unity associate the economic and political decline of Europe with a degeneration of European culture.The idea of European unity also found advocates in Fascist and totalitarian political circles.the Italian l

7、eader Mussolini and Coudenhove-Kalergi did in fact meet three times to discuss the idea but they did not convince each other.And only after 1943,when it became apparent that Nazi Germany would not win the war,the proposa

8、ls of concering a so-called “New Order“ and“New Europe“ were launched by the German Foreign Office.The non-Communist parts of the resistance movement in occupied Europe,including the German and Italian ones,also contribu

9、ted to plans based on the idea of European unity.The Resistance Charter was published in 1944..At the Congress of European ,held in 1948,federalists decided to conbine their portrayed in the Declaration as less important

10、 than those with Eastern Europe,the Middle East,Africa.The identity issue was relaunched in the 1980s withthe Solemn Declaration on the EuropeanUnion(1983)shortly afterwards the concept of a Citizen's Europe was repl

11、aced by that of a People's Europe.The notion of European identity appears again in the Single European Act of 1987.Here,for the first time in treaty,we encounter the external meaning of identity in the shape of the d

12、efence identity of the Community. The next important treaty is the Maastricht Treaty in 1991,which reinforcesd the European identity and its independence in order to promote peace,security and progress in Europe

13、 and the world.Up to this point,the Maastricht Treaty uses the notion of “identity“ in an entirely consistent way,referring to a common defence and security policy.The context in which “identity“ is used differs from art

14、icle to article.The use of identity in its external meaning,that is,referring to a common security and defence policy,is easily recognizable.References to identity in the internal meaning refers to the “essence“ or “subs

15、tance“ of the Union,are notbe found. identity and unification in EuropeThe notion of identity is an artificial construction and it is usually constructed historical experience, memory,or myth,or a combination or the t

16、hree.In the 1970s and 1980s identity was applied as a tool to bring some cohesion to the EC.Increasingly the essence of that internal identity was put forward in the formula of “unity in diversity“.The forces for creatin