中考英語寫作復(fù)習(xí)1

1、《英語》（新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）寫作訓(xùn)練,----教師的寫作素養(yǎng)及寫作訓(xùn)練,行唐上碑中學(xué) 李軍會,教學(xué)大綱對九年級寫作的要求,能依據(jù)寫作要求，收集、準(zhǔn)備素材；能獨立起草短文、短信等，并在教師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行修改；能使用常見的連詞表示順序和邏輯關(guān)系；能簡單描述人物或事件；能根據(jù)所給圖示或表格寫出簡單的段落或操作說明；,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 (七年級上),新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 (七年級上),新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （七年級下）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸 （七年級

2、下）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸 （七年級下）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （八年級上）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸 （八年級上）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （八年級上）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （八年級下）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （八年級下）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （九年級上）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （九年級上）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （九年級上）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納（九年級下）,新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語寫作歸納 （九年級下）,英語新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作的特點,寫作量大，六冊書共計66個模塊，66個寫作，

3、每學(xué)期學(xué)生都有22個大小作文。交際型的寫作占主流，寫作不是漫無目的的，重視了讀者的反饋，對讀者往往進(jìn)行了虛構(gòu)，如“為來中國的游客寫建議”，“給朋友寫一份郵件”“準(zhǔn)備一份關(guān)于參觀中國的最好時節(jié)的建議”“為來中國家庭的外國客人寫一些建議”等等。,3.題材豐富，以學(xué)生的個人生活、學(xué)校生活、家庭生活、一般社會生活、與國際友人相處等為主要寫作內(nèi)容。寫作題材循環(huán)再現(xiàn)于整套教材六本書之中，有大循環(huán)，也有小循環(huán)。例如寫海報的話題在66篇寫作中有六個。

4、這六篇作文分別出現(xiàn)于各冊書中。,,英語新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作的特點,4. 寫作的趨勢向交際型、實用型發(fā)展。例如：給出或詢問個人信息、寫一份賀卡、制作一份圖表、準(zhǔn)備一份娛樂海報、寫一份時尚海報、做一份班級運動調(diào)查、為你喜愛的禮物制作海報，這些將成為學(xué)生的小作文。,英語新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作的特點,按體裁劃分：記敘文 ： 30篇（寫人或?qū)懯拢?應(yīng)用文 ： 28篇（信、賀卡、圖表、調(diào)查、email、海報、傳單、報道、計劃等）說明文：6篇（建議

5、、how to improve, make a list of···）還有2篇沒法歸類。,英語新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作的分類,通過分類我們就會清楚地看到寫作的重點是記敘文、應(yīng)用文。記敘文寫人敘事，應(yīng)該是大作文，應(yīng)用文為許多文體，應(yīng)為小作文；記敘文應(yīng)注意內(nèi)容，應(yīng)用文應(yīng)注意格式。每種練一篇可能只有15篇，課時緊，任務(wù)重的情況下，我們從66降到15大大緩解了矛盾。,英語新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)寫作的分類,書信的格式,信紙的左上角寫上Dear

6、…，稱呼信紙的右上角寫住址及時間，為信頭 正文結(jié)尾要寫上Yours，…,通知格式1.在正文的上方中間寫“NOTICE” 字樣.2. 在左上角上寫所要發(fā)往的通知單位或人3. 通知的右下角寫明發(fā)通知的單位或人 及時間.,請假條格式 例: 假如你是李雷, 星期一早晨得了重感冒,給老師寫個請假條, 告訴老師醫(yī)生建議你休息, 需請假三天, 請老師原諒.,Asking for leave,Monday morning,Li

7、 Lei,Dear Sir, I’m very sorry I can’t come to school this morning because I’ve got a bad cold. The doctor advised me to stay in bed a few days .Could you apply for a three days’ leave.,寫作思維模式的分析,美國語言學(xué)家羅伯特·卡普蘭（R

8、obert Kaplan）經(jīng)過長期的研究歸納出幾種不同的寫作思維模式：,,,,,,,,,English英國人的,Semitic（閃族語系）,Oriental（東方人的),一旦了解思維方式，就更容易模仿,從上圖可知， 英語是開門見山，直入主題，一旦了解思維方式，就更容易模仿， 成功地寫出更好的英語。東方人是螺旋形，作者不直接論證段落主題， 而是在主題的外圍“ 團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)”， 從各種間接的角度說明問題， 使英語族人困惑不解。,英語記敘文的

9、寫作的方式,Beginning（topic sentence 主題句),,Middle,Ending,Concluding sentence 結(jié)論句,Supporting sentence 支持句例子、實事、數(shù)據(jù)或引文,記敘文寫作方法：,采用“總分總”的寫作方式 即先概括總述，再分述 最后再總述。,總述,,,,,寫作注意“四定”,1. 定內(nèi)容, 不折不扣。2.定時態(tài)， 世態(tài)前后呼應(yīng)。記敘文、日記一般用一般過去時；說明文、通知、

10、布告、介紹等用一般現(xiàn)在時；計劃等用一般將來時。3.定人稱，用第一人稱親近自然；用第三人稱客觀真實。4.定句型、定詞語；應(yīng)依據(jù)內(nèi)容。應(yīng)該先定句型后定詞語。,寫作注意的幾個問題：,盡量使用簡單句，如果復(fù)合句用不好就不要用，文章算不上完美，但很實用。要牢記 “避繁就簡”原則。當(dāng)然長句短句交叉使用最好。把握要點，避免遺漏，注意發(fā)揮適度既不要多寫也不要少寫。,注意句子與句子、段與段之間過渡自然，行文連貫，注意適當(dāng)使用連詞，例如：and ,s

11、o ,or, but, become, What’s more; What’ worse, not only…but also, neither…nor 等等。再有學(xué)生語文水平的滑坡，使得英語老師不得不帶領(lǐng)學(xué)生完成寫作內(nèi)容的挖掘。,寫作注意的幾個問題：,選詞：普通的敘述文或短文，應(yīng)該選擇簡潔、樸實、準(zhǔn)確的大眾化詞語，避免使用矯飾、復(fù)雜、故弄玄虛的詞，并盡可能挑選積極的動詞。,寫作注意的幾個問題：,措辭：能寫出樹的具體名稱an app

12、le tree, 就不要使用tree; 能說清具體數(shù)字時，就不要使用some;知道是某種專門的活動，就不要使用do去描述，詞意越具體，越能給讀者鮮明的印象。,寫作注意的幾個問題：,你如何寫開頭,1.開頭常用詞語： as far as we know 據(jù)我們所知 as everybody knows 眾所周知at present 目前 first of all 首先 To tell the

13、 truth 老實說,1.結(jié)尾常用詞語： after all 畢竟at last 最后in a word 總而言之finally, 最后we hope that··· 我們希望 In short 簡言之clearly 顯然,你如何寫結(jié)尾,如何添加過度句、連接詞,補(bǔ)充說明 for example, besides，In addition(此外），

14、What’s worse! What’s more! Worst of all.轉(zhuǎn)折 however, yet, but 原因 thanks to, because of結(jié)果 as result of , so ，so···that,范文2：I’ m pleased to write to ask for some help. I want to tell you some problems

15、 we meet in English study. First， some of us aren’t interested in English. They think studying English is such a boring thing to do. And then It’s so difficult for us to remember all the words in the texts. So lots of u

16、s,作文如何添加過度句、連接詞,作文如何添加過度句、連接詞,don’t have enough confidence to keep up English study . And we are always afraid to join in the group discussion. What’s more, there are so many new words we hadn’t meet before in the passag

17、e. I don’t know what to do. Sometimes we can’t understand the main idea, let alone,作文如何添加過度句、連接詞,answer the questions about them. But the most difficult thing is to write. We often use wrong words and sentences. Can you

18、help us ? How can we improve our English? Please give us some useful advice. Thank you very much. Write to me soon. Yours Fang Hua,信息點與承接詞的關(guān)系,信息點是珠子，承接

19、詞是線，用線把珠子串連起來就是一條熠熠生輝、優(yōu)雅華貴的項鏈。單獨看某一方就成為一條破繩子，一堆爛珠子。,如何寫好好人好事的結(jié)尾be proud of speak highly of follow one’s example come true,你如何寫結(jié)尾,近年中考寫作的特色：描述+看法/感想,1.寫這類作文要求同學(xué)們先審題，弄清圖示情境中的故事梗概。審題的內(nèi)涵較廣，不僅只對作文題的審視，也包括審視寫作提示詞、主題句、圖以及對作

20、文字?jǐn)?shù)的要求。審題一旦出現(xiàn)偏誤，就會“差之毫厘，謬以千里”。大部分同學(xué)不會寫作，主要原因是不會審題, 通過審題， 抓取有效信息。考題在描述上是有限定的， 發(fā)表看法及感想是自由發(fā)揮的。,范文1：,在日常生活中你主動幫助你的父母做家務(wù)活嗎？請你根據(jù)提示用英語寫一篇80字左右的短文，描述你平時所作家務(wù)以及你對家務(wù)的看法。提示：1.扔垃圾 2. 掃地 3. 幫助媽媽做飯 4.洗衣服 5. 為花澆水 6. 飯后洗

21、碗要求：語句通暢，語法正確。 不得逐句翻譯。,學(xué)生的優(yōu)秀范文 （15分）,AS we all know, It’s important to help parents do housework during our daily life. I often help them do housework. I throw the rubbish away and clean the floor in the morn

22、ing. I help my mother cook the lunch . I always wash clothes for my family. My parents are very happy. Besides,,Watering the flowers is also my duty. I like them very much and take good care of them. After supper, I alwa

23、ys wash dishes . I think it can make my parents feel more enjoyable after work. In a word, the more housework I do, the happier my parents will be.（即總括又闡明看法）,學(xué)生的優(yōu)秀范文 （15分）,2007年天津市書面表達(dá)考題,日前,由教育部,國家體育總局,共青團(tuán)中央聯(lián)合舉辦“全國億萬少

24、年陽光體育運動” 啟動儀式,其影響巨大,意義深遠(yuǎn).你在本校參加了此項活動,請根據(jù)表格中所給信息寫一篇英語短文.,2007年天津市書面表達(dá)考題,注意:詞數(shù)80~100 個左右.2.短文的開頭已為你寫好,不計入總詞數(shù).3.短文須包括所有內(nèi)容要點,但不要逐句 翻譯,可適當(dāng)加入細(xì)節(jié),可適度發(fā)揮,使 短文通順,連貫.4. 文中不得使用真實姓名,校名.,2007年天津市書面表達(dá)考題,2007年天津市書面表達(dá)考題,參考詞匯：th

25、e launching ceremony 啟動儀式build up one’s body strength 強(qiáng)身健體More effective 效果更好 “Millions of young students nationwide sports sunshine” launched on April 29, 2007.The teachers and students in our school were orga

26、nized to watch the launching ceremony .,學(xué)生優(yōu)秀范文 （15分）,After that, all of us went to the playground. We had different kinds of sports that we liked for an hour. Some took part in running, some played basketball and footbal

27、l, and some did exercises. We enjoyed doing sports so much that we all forgot the time. We really had a good time.,學(xué)生優(yōu)秀范文 （15分）,Doing sports is very good for us. It helps to build up our body strength, Besides, our brain

28、s can have a good rest after doing sports. So our study can be more effective. So why not join us ? Doing sports an hour everyday, you can have a happier and better life.,優(yōu)秀范文講評,講評: 該文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn), 思維清晰,在內(nèi)容及感想間使用了不同的時態(tài);一般過去時

29、及一般現(xiàn)在時,發(fā)揮適度,長句短句交叉使用,句式賦于變化,用詞得體,有很強(qiáng)的可讀性, 文章的開頭與結(jié)尾相互呼應(yīng),渾然一體,使主體得以升華.做到了naturally and clearly.,好人好事,假如你叫小明。下面的圖畫講述了你和一位男孩在上周一發(fā)生的事情。請根據(jù)圖畫寫出一篇日記。日記的開頭已經(jīng)給出,,Go to school,,Saw …fall off,,Carry …to,Visit …with,,Be fine thank

30、,看圖作文,Who was lying on the ground? What happened to the boy? When did it happen? Where did it happen? Why did it happen? How was the boy?,要求：1.日記應(yīng)包括圖畫中所有內(nèi)容。2.詞數(shù)：70-80詞。,Monday June 2, 2003　　　　　　　　　　　　　Fine 　Last

31、 Monday, I went to school in the morning.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

32、_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________"Not at all. I just did what I should do .”,,把好人好事做到底,范文1,Monday June2, 2003

33、 Fine Last Monday, I went to school in the morning. When I was at the school gate, I saw a boy fell off his bike and lie on the road. He was badly hurt and couldn't move, so I carried

34、 him to the hospital. When he was in hospital, I visited him with some flowers and he was very happy. After he was fine, he came to the school and said to me, "Thank you very much, Xiao Ming." I said, &quo

35、t;Not at all. I just did something that I should do.",好人好事,,Though we didn’t see the film, we were happy. After all we did Sth kind. Sth right,,要記住喲,仿寫,英語有一句名言“Originality is always better than imitation”有創(chuàng)見比模仿好。

36、 但對于英語的初學(xué)者來說應(yīng)該反過來說更好，即“模仿比創(chuàng)見好?！狈聦懣墒箤W(xué)生盡快入道， 可以進(jìn)行段落仿寫，課文仿寫 甚至于經(jīng)典句子的仿寫。,例如新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語九年級上Page 34有這樣一句話：I’m looking forward to this.(仿寫1) I’m looking forward to hearing from you. (信尾使用）(仿寫2) I’m looking forward to your re

37、ply. (仿寫3) I look forward to the summer holiday.,仿寫,句式富于變化,例如；1.Jack came home at 7am yesterday.--Jack didn’t came home until 7am yesterday.2. We are good friends. We should help each other. ( good)--We are good fr

38、iends and we should help each other. (better)--As we are good friends , we should help each other. ( best),3. I was careless. I lost a bag on the ground. (good )---I was careless and lost a bag on the ground. (better)

39、 ---I was so careless that I lost a bag on the ground. (best),句式富于變化,如何訓(xùn)練學(xué)生,1.寫一篇是一篇， 寫文章的過程是不斷修改提高的過程， 學(xué)生寫好后，先相互修改，然后再交給老師修改。在批改作文時，教師把學(xué)生的作文共性的問題做筆錄，為全班講評。2. 請三位好中差典型的同學(xué)利用課間把作文抄寫在黑板上，進(jìn)行集體講評，這樣達(dá)成雙向交流評語，避免有些同學(xué)看不懂老師的評語。,

40、3. 考前強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練是非常必要的，平時沒有這么多的精力練寫作，借助考試這股東風(fēng)，提高寫作水平，絕不是搞突擊，走形式，玩技巧，拿個高分完事。練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)的知識，為寫作鋪路搭橋，如重新組合句子，刪除多余的句子，加過渡句，寫主題句等等。,如何訓(xùn)練學(xué)生,4. 學(xué)生不寫作文老師著急，學(xué)生寫了作文，老師更著急，批改作文的速度遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)慢于學(xué)生寫作的速度?？记袄蠋煿ぷ髁亢艽?，這時我就采用學(xué)生限時寫作，寫完后再聽寫范文，最后學(xué)生對照兩篇文章，自我修改，再收上來，我

41、們的工作量大減，同時學(xué)生也知道怎樣寫好作文。,如何訓(xùn)練學(xué)生,1.統(tǒng)一批改符號，例如： 刪除 插入 替代 佳句 句子不通暢,,,,,,,,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生記住批改符號,Look the book,,read,,對學(xué)生口語

42、中錯誤不必“見錯就糾”，但學(xué)生作文中差錯，均應(yīng)全部糾正， 這時因為書面語言具有永久性，人們對書面語差錯的容忍度總是小于對口語中差錯的容忍度，另一方面，書面語中的差錯得不到糾正，就會在口語中再現(xiàn)。,糾錯,糾錯小到標(biāo)點符號，大到文章結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯次序，語序等等。比如英語中沒有頓號；省略號是三個點“···” 而不是漢語的六個點“······”； 再有冒號，中

43、文里用冒號的地方，英語中常常用逗號；英語里句號是實心點，漢語里的句號空心點。,糾錯,最近你校同學(xué)正在參加某英文報組織的討論，其中的一個話題是：高考前有些家長在考場附近租住賓館，陪孩子復(fù)習(xí)，這樣做有無必要。請根據(jù)下表提供的信息給報社寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論情況。75% 的同學(xué)認(rèn)為不必住賓館浪費錢，住在哪里與考試無關(guān)，父母陪伴反而增加壓力。25%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為有條件還是住賓館好適應(yīng)環(huán)境，節(jié)省路途用時，父母督促提高效率。,例8：,Dear edi

44、tor, When we discuss about whether it is good to book a room for kids at a hotel near the school where the exam will be taken, we have different opinions:75% of the students think that it is not necessary to rent a

45、 room at a hotel. They think it wastes money. They say the place where they stay has little to do with the exam. They also say it will increase their pressure if they stay with,their parents. 25% of the students think it

46、 is better to rent room if their parents have the money. They believe it will help them suit to the surroundings; they also believe it will save the time from where to live to the exam site. And their parents can help th

47、em study better if they stay with them. Yours，

48、 Li Lei,Task IDiscussion: What do you think of the composition? Are there any problems?,Dear editor,When we discuss about whether it is good to book a room for kids

49、 at a hotel near the school where the exam will be taken, we have different opinions:75% of the students think that it is not necessary to rent a room at a hotel. They think it wastes money.,請改作文,hold the view,is a wast

50、e of,add to,They say the place where they stay has little to do with the exam. They also say it will increase their pressure if they stay with their parents,,add to,has little connection,25% of the students think it is b

51、etter to rent room if their parents have the money. They believe it will help them suit to the surroundings; they also believe it will save the time from where to live to the exam site. And their parents can help