【astm標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】d 4241 - 98 (2003)

1、Designation:D4241–98(Reapproved2003)AnAmericanNationalStardStardPracticefDesignofGasTurbineGeneratLubricatingOilSystems1ThisstardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD4241thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatesth

2、eyearofiginaladoptioninthecaseofrevisiontheyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperepsilon(e)indicatesaneditialchangesincethelastrevisionreapproval.INTRODUCTIONThispracticehasresulte

3、dfromaculminationoftheexperiencesoftheturbinebuilderstheerectstheoilsupplierstheoperats.Outofnecessityitisageneralizedminimalstard.Previousissuesofthispracticehavebeenusedinspecificationstoaidinobtainingsatisfactyperfman

4、ceofthelubricatingoilsystem.1.Scope1.1Thispracticecoversthedesignoflubricatingoilsystemsfgasturbinedrivengeneratunits1000kWlarger.1.1.1Thelubricatingoilsystemisdefinedasthatassemblywhichutilizescirculatestheturbinegenera

5、tlubricatingoilfurnishespressurizedoilfcontrolsealfunctions.1.2Thisstarddoesnotpurpttoaddressallofthesafetyconcernsifanyassociatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstardtoestablishappropriatesafetyhealthprac

6、ticesdeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatylimitationspritouse.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ISOStard:ISO4572Hydraulicfluidpowerfillersmultipassmethodfevaluatingfiltrationperfmance23.SignificanceUse3.1Thispracticeestablishesminim

7、umrecommendeddesignpracticesfgasturbinegeneratlubricatingoilsystemstoensurethat:3.1.1Lubricationcontrolsealfunctionswillbeperfmedsatisfactilybytheoilmutuallyacceptabletothepartiesconcerned.3.1.2Installationcleaningflushi

8、ngwillbefacilitated.3.1.3Satisfactysystemcleanlinesscanbemaintained.3.1.4Safepracticesareobserved.4.System4.1Theoperationofthegasturbinegeneratdependsuponasatisfactysupplyoflubricatingoilattheproperplaces.Thusahighlyreli

9、ablesystemmustbesupplied.4.2Thesystemflowrequirementsincludethesummationoftheindividualrequirementsflubricationofallthebearingsgearmeshescouplingssuppliedbythesystemthesteadystatetransientcontroloilrequirements.Amarginsh

10、ouldbeaddedfflowchangeswithuse.4.3Thesystempressuremustbesufficienttoovercomepipingequipmentpressureovercomeelevationheaddifferenceprovidemarginfregulationensureproperdistributionoflubeoiltotherequiredareasofthemachinery

11、.4.3.1Thecontrolsealoilfunctionmayrequirehigherpressurelevelsthanthelubrication.Fthesecasesthetotalsystempressuresmayincreasetowherereasonableseparatecontrolsealoilpumpsbothcanberequired.4.4Thedesignershouldspecifythemax

12、imumallowableoilviscosityfcoldstart.Withreducedtemperaturestheincreasedlubeoilviscositycanhaveasignificantaffectuponthereliabledistributionoftheoilthroughoutthesystemuponthereliableoperationofthecontrols.4.5Heatisrejecte

13、dfromanumberofsourcestothelubricatingoil.4.5.1Bearingshearingpumpinglossesaretransferredtothelubricatingoil.4.5.2Whenaccessyloadgearingareusedamajptionoftheirlossesistransferredtothelubricatingoil.4.5.3Lubricatedcoupling

14、saddheattotheoil.4.5.4Becauseoftheproximityofhotgasturbinepartssomeheatistransferredtothelubeoil.Thisisespeciallytruewithburiedbearings.1ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD02onPetroleumProductsLubricantsis

15、thedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.C0onTurbineOils.AllpreviousrecommendedpracticeshavebeenpublishedbyASMEasjointASTMASMENEMAstards.WiththeissuanceofthisdocumentallstardsundertheauspicesofTechnicalDivisionCofASTMCom

16、mitteeD02willbepublishedbyASTMsolelyasASTMstards.ThisstardreplacesASMEStardNo.120.CurrenteditionapprovedNov.12003.PublishedNovember2003.iginallyapprovedin1992.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin1998asD4241–98.2AvailablefromAme

17、ricanNationalStardsInstitute(ANSI)25W.43rdSt.4thFloNewYkNY10036.1Copyright?ASTMInternational100BarrHarbDrivePOBoxC700WestConshohockenPA194282959UnitedStates.levelmustbehighenoughtoensureproperdistributionsatisfycontrolfu

18、nctions.7.1.1Satisfactycirculationpressurelevelsmustbeprovidedfstartupoperationshutdown.7.2Severalcommonlyusedpumpsaredefinedasfollows:7.2.1MainPumpnmallysuppliestheoilcirculationpressurefthegasturbinegeneratoperation.7.

19、2.2AuxiliaryPumpissizedtopermitcontinuedoperationifthemainpumpfails.7.2.3EmergencyPumpisofreducedcapacity.Itsfunctionistoprovidelastrestlubricationfcoastdownshouldtheotherpumpingfail.7.3Manycombinationsofpumpscanbesatisf

20、acty.Asaminimumtheseshouldbetwopumpsdrivenfromtwoindependentdifferentpowersources.Thusnosingleincidentequipmentfailurecancauselossofpumping.7.3.1Anexceptionmaybemadetothetwopumprecommendationiftheturbinegeneratcansurvive

21、shutdownswithoutoilcirculation.7.3.2Examplesofthesepumpdrivecombinationsarelistedinthefollowingtable:MainAuxiliaryEmergencyshaftacmotdcmotshaftnoneacdcmotshaftacmotturbineacmotnonedcmot7.3.3Theauxiliaryemergencypumpdrive

22、rsshallbesizedfadequatecapacitywhenoperatingwiththeoilviscositycrespondingtotheminimumtemperaturefstartup.7.4Controloftheauxiliaryemergencypumpdriverscansignificantlyaffectreliability.7.4.1Theauxiliaryemergencypumpdrivec

23、ontrolsshallprovidefautomaticstartinginservicetesting.7.4.2Thepumpmotoverloadsshallnottripthemotbreaker.Theoverloadshallonlyprovideawarning.7.5Severalapplicationrequirementsmustbeconsideredfproperpumpfunctioning.7.5.1The

24、mainshaftdrivenpumpmusthaveadequatesuctionconditionstoprovideuninterruptedsupplyofoil.Centrifugalpumpsshallbeprovidedwithapositivesuction.7.5.2Pumpsuctionsshallbebelowtheminimumreservoiroperatinglevel.Theexactsubmergence

25、willbedeterminedbythepumpsuctionrequirementsincludingtheconsiderationofairentrainmentinthepumpsuction.Inmanycasesthepumpsuctionisatleast150mm(6in.)belowtheminimumreservoiroperatinglevel.7.5.3Theauxiliaryemergencypumpssha

26、llbesubmergedwiththeirsuctionatleastbelowtheminimumreservoiroperatinglevel.7.5.4Theemergencypumpsuctionshallbelowerthanotherpumpssothatwiththelossofoilinthereservoirshutdownoilwouldstillbeavailable.7.5.5Coarsestrainerssh

27、ouldbeprovidedinthesuctionsystemofallpumps.7.5.6Pumpsuctionsshouldbeatleast150mm(6in.)fromthebottomofthereservoir.7.5.7Thepumpsuctionisdefinedasstartingatthesolidfluidconveyancetothepumpinlet.Nmallythisbeginsatattachment

28、ofthesuctionstrainertothepumpinlettothepumpsuctionpipe.8.Coolers8.1Sinceoneoftheimptantfunctionsofthecirculatingoiliscoolingofbearingsgearingitisnecessarytodissipatethisheattomaintainareasonableoiltemperaturelevel.8.2The

29、coolerneedstobesizedconsideringthefollowing:8.2.1Totalheatrejectiontothelubeoil.8.2.2Extremetemperaturerangesofthecoolingmedium.8.2.3Allowablerangeoflubeoiltemperatures.8.2.4Adequatefoulingmarginfreasonablecoolermaintena

30、nce.AsaguiderefertoStardsofTubularExchangerManufacturersAssociation.38.2.5Velocitiespressuresmustbecompatiblewithsystemsheatexchangerdesign.8.3Thefollowingrecommendationsapply:8.3.1Theheatexchangesurfaceshouldbelocatedar

31、rangedsothatitcanberemovedfmaintenancereplacement.8.3.2Providemeansfdrainingbothsidesofthecoolerduringshutdown.(Warning—Thesedrainsneedtobeprotectedfromdrainingthereservoirduringoperation.)8.3.3Ventconnectionsshouldbepro

32、videdonthecoolertopermitcontinualairremoval.8.3.4Whendualcoolersareusedthethreewaychangeovervalveshouldbedesignedsothatoilflowwillnotbeinterruptedwhentransferringfromonecoolertotheother.8.3.5Whenliquidcoolantisusedthedes

33、ignshouldminimizethechanceofthelubeoilbeingcontaminated.8.3.5.1Thecoolantpressureshouldbelessthanthelubeoilpressureatalltimes.8.3.5.2Separatesealsgasketsshouldbeprovidedfthecoolantthelubeoilsealing.Thespacebetweentheseal

34、sshouldbeopentotheambient.9.Filters9.1Circulatingoilcontainscontaminants.Filtrationisrecommendedtoreducethecontaminationlevelofthelubricatingoilsystem.9.1.1Fullflowfiltrationshouldbeusedsothatallthecirculatedoilisfiltere

35、doneachpassthroughthemachine.9.2Thefiltershallbedesignedcompatiblewiththelubeoilsystemrequirementsincludingtheoperatingpressuretemperature.9.2.1Afilterelementwithab10$200ratingfinerisrecommended.Thebetaratingbxrepresents

36、aratioofparticlesofagivensizex(inmicrons)thatenterafiltertothosethatleavethefilterasdeterminedinafiltrationperfmancetestcarriedoutinaccdancewithISO4572.9.2.2Theelementpressureshallnotsignificantlyincreasewithasmuchas10%w