湖南省南岳原生性森林群落的研究ⅲ. 長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林

1、1文章編號(hào):湖南省南岳原生性森林群落的研究Ⅲ.長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林左家哺1朱巽1田偉政1彭代文1李明紅2(1湖南環(huán)境生物學(xué)院湖南衡陽(yáng)421005)(2南岳樹(shù)木園湖南衡陽(yáng)421100)摘要摘要湖南省南岳原生性森林群落長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林是一種尚未報(bào)道過(guò)的群落新類(lèi)型即長(zhǎng)葉石櫟多脈青岡尾葉山茶求米草群叢(AssociationofLithocarpushenryiCyclobalanopsismultinervisCamelliacaudataOplismenu

2、sundulatifolius)屬于典型的常綠落葉闊葉林。該群落屬的區(qū)系成分主要是北溫帶和泛熱帶2種分布區(qū)類(lèi)型其中溫帶性質(zhì)成分占主體而種的區(qū)系成分主要是華夏、東亞、華東華中3種分布式樣具有華東－華中區(qū)系的過(guò)渡交替色彩。群落可以明顯分為喬木層、灌木層和草本層其中喬木層又可分為2個(gè)亞層該群落能穩(wěn)定相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間，更新演替過(guò)程中雖然會(huì)保持常綠落葉闊葉林性質(zhì)但其優(yōu)勢(shì)種可能被尾葉山茶、多脈青岡等樹(shù)種取代。該群落物種多樣性水平接近季雨林與稀樹(shù)草原之間

3、的水平ShannonWeaver、Brillouin和McIntosh等3個(gè)多樣性指數(shù)及其對(duì)應(yīng)的均勻度指數(shù)可能適合研究群落物種多樣性在研究群落物種多樣性時(shí)必須要多用一些公式進(jìn)行測(cè)定才可能避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)果。不同的物種相對(duì)多度分布格局模型在擬合群落不同層次時(shí)其結(jié)果并不一致。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林原生性森林群落新類(lèi)型區(qū)系特點(diǎn)層次結(jié)構(gòu)更新演替物種多樣性物種相對(duì)多度分布格局南岳中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):Q948.15文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ASTUDYONIG

4、INALFESTCOMMUNITYINNANYUEOFHUNANPROVINCEⅢ.LITHOCARPUSHENRYIFESTZuoJiafu1ZhuXun1TianWeizheng1PengDaiwen1LiMinghong2(1HunanEnvironmentBiologicalPolytechnicHengyang421005Hunan)(2NanyueArbetumHengyang421100Hunan)Abstract：Acc

5、dingtotheinvestigationresearchoftheLithocarpushenryifestinNanyueHunanprovincethiscommunityisanewtypethatithasn’tbeenrepteditcanbecalledAssociationofLithocarpushenryiCyclobalanopsismultinervisCamelliacaudataOplismenusundu

6、latifoliusitisbelongedtotheevergreedeciduousbroadleavedmixedfest.Thereare73species64genera44familiestobelongtothevularplantinthecommunity.Thetemperateelementsoftheflisticgenerainthecommunityoccupies53.45%ofthetotalbutthe

7、tropicalone46.55%.TheflisticelementsofspeciesinthecommunityaremainlyCathaysianEastAsiaEastChinaCentralChinawhichoccupy25.35%22.53%12.68%ofthetotalrespectively.IthasveryobviousthatitcrossbetweenthefloisticelementsofEastCh

8、inaCentralChinaofthespeciesofthecommunity.Thewoodplantsinthecommunityoccupy80.39%ofthetotalbuttheherb19.61%.Thecommunitycanbedividedthearblayerthatitcanbedivided2sublayershrublayerherblayer.Itstillkeeptheevergreendeciduo

9、usbroadleavedmixedfestbutitsdominantspeciesi.e.LithocarpushenryiwillprobablyreplacedbyCamelliacaudataCyclobalanopsismultivervissoon.Theresultsshowthattheplantspeciesdiversityofthecommunityishigherthatitsvalueapproachesth

10、especiesdiversitybetweenSeasonalrainfestSavannasthattheindicesofShannonWeaverBrillouinMcIntoshtheirEvennesscanbesuitedfstudyingtheplantspeciesdiversityofthecommunitythatthevalueshavenottheobviouslawbyusingdifferdntmeasur

11、ementdegreetocalculatetheindicesofspeciesdiversity.WechoosetheGeometricseriesdistributionBrokenstickLogseriesdistributionLognmaldistributiontostudythedistributionalpatternofspeciesrelativeabundanceofthecommunitytheresult

12、sshowthattheGeometricseriesdistributionalmodelissuitablefimitatingthearbherblayerbutisn’ttheshrublayerthatBrokenstickmodelisonlysuitablefimitatingthearblayerthatAbundanceFrequencymodelofBrokenstickissuitablefimitatingthe

13、herblayerthatLogseriesdistributionalmodelcompletelyissuitablefimitatinganylayerthatLognmaldistributionalmodelisonlysuitablefimitatingthearblayer.Keywds:LithocarpushenryifestiginalfestcommunityNewtypeFlisticgeographyLayer

14、structureSuccessionPlantspeciesdiversityDistributionalpatternofplantspeciesrelativeabundanceNanyue南岳是湖南省著名的國(guó)家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝保護(hù)區(qū)為了保證該地區(qū)旅游資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展，使生物資源得到─────────────收稿日期:2000年月日基金項(xiàng)目:湖南省科委資助項(xiàng)目(01953124)作者簡(jiǎn)介:左家哺(1960)男漢族教授碩士生導(dǎo)師研究方向:植

15、物分類(lèi)與地理及生物多樣性保護(hù)3按照吳征鎰的研究[1113]屬的分布區(qū)類(lèi)型可分為10個(gè)(表1)從表1看出南岳長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林群落屬的區(qū)系成分主要是北溫帶和泛熱帶2種分布區(qū)類(lèi)型其中溫帶性質(zhì)成分占主體。參照吳征鎰的研究[1113]以及作者的實(shí)踐[34515]種的分布式樣分為以下15個(gè)(表2):華夏廣布主要分布中國(guó)其核心地帶是長(zhǎng)江流域及其以南的廣大區(qū)域如三尖杉Cephalotaxusftunei南蛇藤Celastrusbiculatus矩圓葉衛(wèi)矛Eu

16、onymusoblongifolius杜鵑Rhododendronsimsii長(zhǎng)葉石櫟Lithocarpushenryi青榨槭A.davidii五裂槭Aceroliverianum楤木Araliachinensis山橿Litseareflexa水青岡Faguslongipetiolata石灰花楸Sbusfolgneri小葉石楠Photiniaparvifolia吳茱萸Euodiarutaecarpa垂枝泡花樹(shù)Meliosmaflexuo

17、sa長(zhǎng)萼堇菜Violainconspicua佘山胡頹子Elaeagnusargyi豆腐柴Premnamicrophylla和花竹Phyllostachysnidularia等。華東華中分布包括湘鄂贛皖豫江浙閩臺(tái)以及黔東與川東如黃山松Pinustaiwanensis云錦杜鵑Rhododendronftunei下江忍冬Loniceramodesta廬山芙蓉Hibiscusparamutabilis茶條果Symplocosernestii桃葉

18、黃楊Buxushenryi多脈青岡Cyclobalanopsismultinervis湯飯子Viburnumsetigerum云和新木姜子Neolitseaauratavar.paraciculata等。華東華中華南分布從“華東華中分布”向南部伸延兩廣甚至海南如南方莢蒾Viburnumfdiae中華蠟瓣花Cylopsissinensis金縷梅Hamamelismollis老鴉糊Callicarpusbodinieri和野珠蘭Stepha

19、nrachinensis等。中國(guó)喜馬拉雅分布從我國(guó)至喜馬拉雅如尾葉山茶Camelliacaudate黃丹木姜子Litseaelongata石生繁縷Stellariasaxatilis和天南星Arisaemaconsanguineum等。中國(guó)日本分布在我國(guó)至朝鮮和日本如兩色鱗毛蕨Dryopterisbissetiana細(xì)辛arumsieboldii小葉白辛樹(shù)Pterostyraxcymbosa和菝葜Smilaxchina等。華中華南西南分

20、布包括兩湖兩廣、海南、河南以及西南各省如香粉葉Linderapulcherrimavar.attenuata美脈花楸Sbuscaloneura梾木Cnusmacrophylla綠葉甘橿Linderafruticosa和柔毛鉆地風(fēng)Schizophragmamolle等。華中華南分布包括兩湖兩廣、海南、河南各地僅香冬青Ilexsuaveolans和黑柃Euryamacartneyi。熱帶亞洲分布包括我國(guó)亞熱帶及其以南至東南亞與南亞僅大青Cl

21、erodendrumcyrtophyllum和野茉莉Styraxjaponica。世界廣布包括全球各大陸僅鐵角蕨Aspleniumtrichomanes和莎草Cyperusrotundus。南北溫帶、北溫帶、舊世界熱帶、熱帶亞洲至熱帶非洲和湖南特有等5種分布式樣各僅1種分別是香薷Nepetacataria辣蓼Polyonumhyiper求米草Ophismenusundulatifolius云山椴Tiliaobscura和牛膝Achyra

22、nthesbidentata?？梢?jiàn)南岳長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林種的區(qū)系成分主要是華夏、東亞、華東華中3種分布式樣尤其華中華東及其鄰近區(qū)域分布種類(lèi)共計(jì)20個(gè)占總種數(shù)的27.40%說(shuō)明該群落具有華東－華中區(qū)系的過(guò)渡交替特點(diǎn)[61113]。2.2生活習(xí)性長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林73種維管束植物中常綠喬木與落葉喬木各占27.45%和25.49%常綠灌木與落葉灌木各占13.73%和11.76%木質(zhì)藤本占1.96%一年生與多年生植物各占3.92%和15.69%。常綠種類(lèi)總計(jì)占

23、41.18%落葉種類(lèi)占37.25%表明該群落是以常綠成分為主又具有相當(dāng)比例落葉成分的常綠落葉闊葉林。2.3層次結(jié)構(gòu)南岳長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林可明顯分為喬木層灌木層和草本層3個(gè)層次。喬木層可分為2個(gè)亞層第I亞層樹(shù)高69.5m之間覆蓋度60%該亞層優(yōu)勢(shì)種是長(zhǎng)葉石櫟樹(shù)高69m平均7.5m胸徑18.325.4cm平均20.4cm枝下高1.32.1m平均1.7m冠幅2.59.4m平均5.9m該亞層亞優(yōu)勢(shì)種為水青岡樹(shù)高68m平均6.9m胸徑15.929.9cm

24、平均23.2cm枝下高1.52.5m平均1.9m冠幅35m平均4.1m此外還有白檀梾木云山椴水絲梨香冬青尾葉山茶茶條果楤木多脈青岡青榨槭石灰花楸紅果釣樟金縷梅五裂槭和黃山松等種類(lèi)。第II層樹(shù)高35m覆蓋度41%該亞層優(yōu)勢(shì)種是多脈青岡樹(shù)高2.55m平均3.8m胸徑620cm平均11.6cm枝下高0.22m平均1.2m冠幅13.5m平均2.1m該亞層亞優(yōu)勢(shì)種為尾葉山茶樹(shù)高24m平均3.6m胸徑621.9cm平均11.1cm枝表1長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林維

25、管植物屬的分布區(qū)類(lèi)型長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林維管植物屬的分布區(qū)類(lèi)型Table1ArealtypesongeneraofvularplantofLithocarpushenryifestinNanyueHunanProvince──────────────────────────────────────────────────ArealtypesNumbersofgenera%Includingnumbersofspecies%────────────

26、──────────────────────────────────────Cosmopolitan6─6─Pantropic1424.141522.39TropicalAsiaTropicalAmericadisjuncted46.90811.94OldWldTropic11.7211.49TropicalAsiatoTropicalAfrica11.7211.49TropicalAsia(IndoMalaysia)712.07710

27、.45NthTemperate1627.592029.85EastAsiaNthAmericadisjuncted46.9045.97OldWldTemperate23.4522.99EastAsia915.52913.43Total64100.0073100.00──────────────────────────────────────────────────表2長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林維管植物種的分布式樣長(zhǎng)葉石櫟林維管植物種的分布式樣Table

28、2DistributionpatternsonspeciesofLithocarpushenryifestinNanyueHunanProvince──────────────────────────────────────DistributionpatternsNumbersofspecies%──────────────────────────────────────Cosmopolitan2─SouthTemperateNthTe

29、mperatedisjuncted11.41NthTemperate11.41OldWldTropic11.41TropicAsiatoTropicAfrica11.41TropicAsia22.82EastAsia1622.53SinoHimalaya45.63SinaJapan45.63Cathaysian1825.35EasterntoCentralChina912.68EasternCentraltoSouthernChina6