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1、SpatialwkingmemystrategyfmationinadultsdiagnosedwithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisderSusanYoungaRobinMrisaBrianToonebCarolynTysoncAbstractThestudyinvestigatedproblemspatialwkingmemyinADHDadults.Twentysevenpatientsdiagn

2、osedwithADHDinadulthood27matchednmalcontrolsweretestedusingtheExecutiveGolfTaskatestthatalsomeasuresspatialstrategyfmation.OveralltheADHDpatientsweresignificantlyimpairedthedeficitincreasingwithtaskdifficulty.Theywereals

3、omeimpairedonameasureoftaskstrategyfmationwhentakingthisintoaccountintermsofmemyperfmancethepatientdeficitremainedsuggestingthattheirspatialwkingmemydeficitsarenotwhollyexplainedbyproblemswithstrategyfmation.1.Introducti

4、onWkingmemyisdefinedasacognitivesystemthatprovidestemparystagemanipulationoftheinfmationnecessaryfactivitiessuchasreasoninglanguagecomprehensionlearning(Baddeley1992).Thisprocessrequirestheabilitytoholdinfmation‘‘online’

5、’duringabrieftimeuntiladecisionsubsequentresponseismade(GoldmanRakic1990).IthasbeenpostulatedthatthereisadissociationbetweenbasicmemialrequirementsoftaskstheirIntheDowsonetal.(2004)studytheCANTABmethodofmeasuringspatialw

6、kingmemyinvolvesanarrayofspatiallocationsonascreeninwhichtheparticipanthastoavoidgoingbacktopreviouslysuccessfullocations.Theyfoundimpairmentsonreturnerrsassociatedpostrategywhenconductingthetasks.TheExecutiveGolftaskism

7、eakintoareallifeactivityinthataswellmeasuringspatialwkingmemyitsimulatesa‘gameofgolf’theparticipantsearchingfplacesinwhicha‘golfer’ispredictedtoputtaballavoidingreturningtotheseplacesduringsubsequentsearches.Thegolfholes

8、arepresentedusingthreedimensionalcomputergraphicswiththe‘golfer’presentedinthedistance.Thetaskhasagamelikefmatwiththe‘golfer’puttingtheballsintothegolfholeswhenacrectgolfholehasbeenedbythe‘golfer.’Perfmancecanbeimprovedu

9、singthestrategyoffollowingapredeterminedsearchsequencebeginningwithaparticularplacereturningtothesameplacefeverynewsearchsequence.TheaimofthestudywastoinvestigatewhetherpatientswithADHDhadaspatialwkingmemydeficitinadulth

10、oodtoestablishwhetherthedeficitpersistedifameasureofstrategyfmationwascovariedintheanalysis.ItwashypothesisedthatADHDpatientswouldmakeagreaternumberoferrsinrelationtoreturningtopreviouslysuccessfullocations(i.e.betweensu

11、bjecterrs)thatthisdeficitwouldincreasewithtaskdifficulty.2.Methodology2.1.ParticipantsThestudyincluded27(21male6female)adultADHDpatientsattheMaudsleyHospitalLondonUK.AllpatientsmettheDSMIVcriteriafADHDfollowingafullADHDa

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