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1、MadamPresidentFaustmembersoftheHarvardCpationtheBoardofOverseers（監(jiān)管理事會(huì)）facultyfamilyfriendsmostimptantlytoday’sgraduatesThankyouflettingmesharethiswonderfuldaywithyou.IamnotsureIcanliveuptothehighstardsofHarvardCommencem

2、entspeakers.LastyearJ.K.Rowlingthebillionairenovelistwhostartedasaclassicsstudentgracedthispodium（演講臺(tái)）.TheyearbefeBillGatesthemegabillionairephilanthropist（慈善家）computernerd（電腦迷）stoodhere.Todaysadlyyouhaveme.Iamnotwealthy

3、butatleastIamanerd.IamgratefultoreceiveanhonarydegreefromHarvardanhonthatmeansmetomethanyoumightcaretoimagine.YouseeIwastheacademicblacksheepofmyfamily.MyolderbrotherhasanM.D.Ph.D.（醫(yī)學(xué)博士）fromMIT（MassachusettesMassachusett

4、esinstituteinstituteofofTechnologyTechnology麻省理工學(xué)院）HarvardwhilemyyoungerbrotherhasalawdegreefromHarvard.WhenIwasawardedaNobelPrizeIthoughtmymotherwouldbepleased.Notso.WhenIcalledheronthemningoftheannouncementshereplied“T

5、hat’snicebutwhenareyougoingtovisitmenext.”NowasthelastbrotherwithadegreefromHarvardmaybeatlastshewillbesatisfied.AnotherdifficultywithgivingaHarvardcommencement(畢業(yè)典禮)addressisthatsomeofyoumaydisapproveofthefactthatIhaveb

6、rowedmaterialfrompreviousspeeches.Iaskthatyoufgivemeftworeasons.Firstindertohaveimpactitisimptanttodeliverthesamemessagemethanonce.Inscienceitisimptanttobethefirstpersontomakeadiscoverybutitisevenmeimptanttobethelastpers

7、ontomakethatdiscovery.Secondauthswhobrowfromothersarefollowinginthefootstepsofthebest.RalphWaldoEmersonwhograduatedfromHarvardattheageof18noted“Allmybestthoughtswerestolenbytheancients.”Picassodeclared“Goodartistsbrow.Gr

8、eatartistssteal.”Whyshouldcommencementspeakersbeheldtoahigherstardhavereceived.Itwillbethelivesyouhavetouchedthedifferenceyouhavemade.AfternineyearsatBelllabsIdecidedtoleavethatwarmcozyivytower（舒適安逸的象牙塔）fwhatIconsideredt

9、obethe“realwld”auniversity.BellLabstoquotewhatwassaidaboutMaryPoppinswas“practicallyperfectineveryway”butIwantedtoleavebehindsomethingmethanscientificarticles.Iwantedtoteachgivebirthtomyownsetofscientificchildren.TedGeba

10、lleafrienddistinguishedcolleagueofmineatStanfdwhoalsowentfromBerkeleytoBellLabstoStanfdyearsearlierdescribedourmotivesbest:“Thebestpartofwkingatauniversityisthestudents.Theycomeinfreshenthusiasticopentoideasunscarred（無(wú)疤痕

11、的）bythebattlesoflife.Theydon’trealizeitbutthey’retherecipientsofthebestoursocietycanoffer.Ifamindiseverfreetobecreativethat’sthetime.Theycomeinbelievingtextbooksareauthitativebuteventuallytheyfigureoutthattextbooksprofes

12、ssdon’tknoweverythingthentheystarttothinkontheirown.ThenIbeginlearningfromthem.”MystudentspostdoctalfellowstheyoungresearcherswhowkedwithmeatBellLabsStanfdBerkeleyhavebeenextradinary.Over30fmergroupmembersarenowprofesssm

13、anyatthebestresearchinstitutionsinthewldincludingHarvard.Ihavelearnedmuchfromthem.Evennowinraremomentsonweekendstheremainingmembersofmybiophysicsgroupmeetwithmeintheetherwldofcyberspace.Ibeganteachingwiththeideaofgivingb

14、ackIreceivedmethanIgave.Thisbringsmetothefinalmovementofthisspeech.Itbeginswithastyaboutanextradinaryscientificdiscoveryanewdilemmathatitposes（造成，呈現(xiàn)）.It’sacalltoarmsaboutmakingadifference.Inthelastseveraldecadesourclimat

15、ehasbeenchanging.Climatechangeisnotnew:theEarthwentthroughsixiceagesinthepast600000years.Howeverrecentmeasurementsshowthattheclimatehasbeguntochangerapidly.ThesizeoftheNthPolarIceCapinthemonthofSeptemberisonlyhalfthesize

16、itwasamere50yearsago.Thesealevelwhichbeenrisingsincedirectmeasurementsbeganin1870ataratethatisnowfivetimesfasterthanitwasatthebeginningofrecdedmeasurements.Here’stheremarkablescientificdiscovery.Fthefirsttimeinhumanhisty

17、scienceisnowmakingpredictionsofhowouractionswillaffectthewld50100yearsfromnow.ThesechangesareduetoanincreaseincarbondioxideputintotheatmospheresincethebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution.TheEarthhaswarmedupbyroughly0.8deg

18、reesCelsius（攝氏度）sincethebeginningoftheRevolution.Thereisalreadyapproximatelya1degreerisebuiltintothesystemevenifwestopallgreenhousegasemissionstoday.WhyItwilltakedecadestowarmupthedeepoceansbefethetemperaturereachesanewe

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