【2014高考調(diào)研】（新課標(biāo)·名校調(diào)研）北師大版·英語（高三總復(fù)習(xí)）unit 24 society（課件）

1、Unit 24 Society基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理詞匯梳理1. ________ adj. 自愿的2. ________ adj. 大量的3. ________ vt. & vi. 存儲(chǔ)；儲(chǔ)蓄4. ________ n. 簽名________ v. 簽名；簽署5. ________ 納稅人6. ________ vt. 統(tǒng)治；治理________ n. 政府,7. ________ v. 積累________ n

2、. 積聚；積累8. ________ n. 重?fù)?dān)；負(fù)擔(dān)9. ________ adj. 未住人的；空置的10. ________ n. 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)________ vt. 調(diào)整；調(diào)節(jié)11. ________ adj. 各種各樣的________ n. 多樣性12. ________ n. 退休金；養(yǎng)老金13. ________ vt. & vi. 辭職________ n. 辭職,14. ________ ad

3、j. 懷孕的15. ________ vi. 窒息；噎住16. ________ vt. 刪除17. ________ vi.(使)收縮；縮小18. ________ n. 構(gòu)架；結(jié)構(gòu)19. ________ n. 盈余；剩余20. ________ vt. 選舉；推選________ n. 選舉；推選21. ________ n. 相撞________ vt. 相撞；觸到22. ________ n. 雜草；野草,

4、23. ________ vi. & vt. 劃水；涉水24. ________ n. 小包；小盒25. ________ vt. & vi.腐爛26. ________ vt. 跳過27. ________ adj. 有香味的28. ________ vt. 投下29. ________ vt. 著手做；從事30. ________ vt. 擠31. ________ n. 口渴 ________ a

5、dj. 口渴的,32. ________ n. 容器________ v. 容納33. ________ n. 一匙之量34. ________ n. 判決35. ________ vt. 廢除36. ________ adv. 再者；此外37. ________ adv. 此外；而且38. ________ adv. 所以；因此39. ________ n. 商人,自我校對(duì)1.voluntary 2.abundan

6、t 3.deposit 4.signature； sign 5.taxpayer 6.govern； government 7.accumulate； accumulation 8.burden 9.vacant 10.adjustment； adjust 11.diverse； diversity 12.pension 13.resign； resignation 14.pregnant 15.choke

7、16.delete 17.shrink 18.framework 19.surplus 20.elect； election 21.collision； collide 22.weed 23.paddle 24.packet 25.rot 26.skip 27.fragrant 28.cast 29.undertake 30.squeeze 31.thirst； thirsty 32.container；

8、 contain 33.spoonful 34.sentence 35.abolish 36.moreover 37.furthermore 38.consequently 39.merchant,短語梳理1. ________ 形成；存在2. ________ 故意惹惱(某人，尤指開玩笑)3. ________ 炫耀；夸耀4. ________ 撞上某人5. ________ 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)6. ________ 闖

9、入7. ________ 原則上8. ________ 判某人死刑,自我校對(duì)1.come into being 2.wind sb. up 3.show off 4.knock into sb. 5.turning point 6.break into 7.on principle 8.sentence sb. to death,重點(diǎn)知識(shí)探究重點(diǎn)單詞1. burden n. 重?fù)?dān)；負(fù)擔(dān) vt. 使負(fù)擔(dān)A do

10、nkey can carry a heavy burden.驢子能負(fù)重載。Too much praise is a burden.太多的贊揚(yáng)是一種負(fù)擔(dān)。She got off the bus， burdened with two heavy suitcases.她提著兩只沉重的手提箱下了公共汽車。,知識(shí)梳理be a burden to是……的負(fù)擔(dān)bear / carry / reduce / share the burde

11、n承受/擔(dān)負(fù)/減少/分擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)burden vt.使負(fù)重?fù)?dān)；勞累burden sb. / oneself with sth.裝載……；使……負(fù)擔(dān)……be burdened with ... 負(fù)擔(dān)；為……所累,探究練習(xí)We are in no position to take on another heavy financial ________.A. burden B. pressure

12、C. anxiety D. stress,【解析】 A 由后文語境financial可知，此處應(yīng)該用burden表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)”；而pressure是“壓力”；anxiety是“憂慮”；stress是“壓力”，均不符合語意。,2. resign vt & vi. 辭職；把……托交給；委托They overheard him say that he hoped John would resign.他們偷聽到他說希望約

13、翰辭職。resign oneself to one’s fate聽天由命I resign my children to your care.我把孩子們委托你來照顧。,知識(shí)梳理not resign oneself to 不甘心resign ... to ... 把……托付給……resign oneself to 聽任(某種影響)；只好(做某事) resign from ... as ... 從……辭去作為……的職

14、務(wù),探究練習(xí)After having worked in the company for 4 years， he decided to ________ from it and then went to America.A. assign B. resignC. design D. retire,【解析】 B 由后面語境“then went to America”可知，此處是指“從公司辭職”；故選擇B項(xiàng)表示“辭職”

15、之意；而assign是“安排”；design是“設(shè)計(jì)”；retire是“退休”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。,3. elect vt. 選舉；推選Then the congress elected its presidium.然后代表大會(huì)選出主席團(tuán)。She was elected (as) manager.她被選為經(jīng)理。She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.

16、她成為第一個(gè)被選進(jìn)參議院的黑人婦女。,知識(shí)梳理elect sb. (to be) / as ... 選舉某人為……elect to do sth. 決定做某事election n. 選舉；推舉；當(dāng)選hold an election 進(jìn)行選舉win the election 贏得選舉,探究練習(xí)It is said that the chairman of the meeting was ________ by them.A.

17、 chosen B. electedC. selected D. picked,【解析】 B 考查了elect表示“選舉”之意的用法。句意：據(jù)說，會(huì)議的主席是由他們選舉產(chǎn)生的。choose是“挑選”；select是“挑選；選擇”；pick是“采摘；挑選”。,4. cast vt. 投下；分派(演員)飾演戲中角色She cast her eyes down to avoid direct eye contact.她垂

18、下雙目以避免對(duì)視。The cherry trees cast all their blossoms after the storm.風(fēng)暴過后，櫻花全部掉落。The director cast me as a scientist.導(dǎo)演選派我扮演科學(xué)家。,知識(shí)梳理cast about 尋找；物色；想辦法cast away 拋棄；丟掉；排斥；浪費(fèi)cast down 使沮喪；使膽寒；使下降；推翻；打倒；投下cast ou

19、t 逐出；驅(qū)逐；吐出；嘔出；［英］爭吵；吵鬧點(diǎn)津提示cast的過去式和過去分詞均為原形。,探究練習(xí)The part was ________ to him but he refused it because he didn’t like the personality of the character in the play.A. thrown B. castC. rejected D. abandoned,【解

20、析】 B 由題干語境part以及the character可知，此處是“分派給某人某個(gè)角色”之意；故選擇cast。而throw是“扔；丟”；reject是“拒絕”；abandon是“拋棄；扔棄”，均不符合語境。,5. undertake vt. 著手做；從事；許諾；承擔(dān)；保證She undertook to revise my compositions.她著手批改我的作文。I want you to undertake all

21、 the responsibility.我要你承擔(dān)所有的責(zé)任。I can undertake that you will enjoy the play.我保證你會(huì)喜歡這部戲劇。,知識(shí)梳理undertake to do sth. 答應(yīng)做……undertake a task / job 承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)任務(wù)/工作undertake+that-clause 擔(dān)?！c(diǎn)津提示undertake的過去式和過去分詞分別是underto

22、ok， undertaken。,探究練習(xí)— Do you think I will make money from the factory?— I’m sorry. I can not ________ that you will make a profit.A. undertake B. underline C. understand D. none of the above,【解析】 A 考查了undertak

23、e表示“許諾”之意的用法。答句句意：我不能夠許諾你會(huì)盈利。underline是“在……下面劃線；強(qiáng)調(diào)”； understand是“理解”。,6. sentence n. 句子；刑罰；懲罰 vt. 判決a dark sentence難懂的文句sentence stress (accent)句子的重音知識(shí)梳理(1)a prison sentence 判處監(jiān)禁a light / heavy sentence 輕判/重判pass

24、 sentence 宣布判決serve one’s sentence 服刑(2)sentence sb. to death / life imprisonment / three years in prison判處某人死刑/終身監(jiān)禁/三年徒刑under sentence of death 被判處死刑,探究練習(xí)The prisoner has been serving his ________ and will be relea

25、sed next year.A. sentence B. punishmentC. crime D. guilt,【解析】 A 由語境“will be released ... ”可知，此處是指“正在服刑”；故選擇A項(xiàng)，表示“刑罰”之意。而punishment是“懲罰；處罰”；crime是“罪行”；guilt是“內(nèi)疚；罪過”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。,7. abolish vt. 廢除；廢止When the slave tra

26、de was abolished in 1838， the former slaves took over the carnival.當(dāng)奴隸貿(mào)易在1838年被廢除的時(shí)候，以前的奴隸延續(xù)了狂歡節(jié)。We should abolish some old customs.我們要廢除一些舊的風(fēng)俗。,探究練習(xí)We would like to see the law ________ which is unreasonable and too

27、 severe.A. abandoned B. abolished C. deleted D. abolishing,【解析】 B 考查了及物動(dòng)詞abolish表示“廢除；廢止”之意的用法。此處用過去分詞形式作see的賓語補(bǔ)足語。而abandon是“拋棄”；delete是“刪去”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。,重點(diǎn)短語1. come into being形成；存在Nobody exactly knows when the worl

28、d came into being.沒有人確切地知道這個(gè)世界是什么時(shí)候形成的。A new rule will soon come into being.一個(gè)新的規(guī)則很快就要出臺(tái)了。知識(shí)拓展與come into有關(guān)的其他短語：come into effect 生效；實(shí)施,come into use 開始使用come into contact 聯(lián)系come into force 實(shí)施come into existence

29、形成come into power 掌權(quán)come into sight / view 看見；進(jìn)入視野come into blossom / bud 開花/發(fā)芽點(diǎn)津提示come into being多用作不及物動(dòng)詞短語；而bring ... into being是及物動(dòng)詞短語，表示“使……產(chǎn)生”之意。,探究練習(xí)Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of thousands of years ago

30、， long before humans ________.A. came into the being B. brought into the being C. came into being D. brought into being,【解析】 C 考查了come into being表示“產(chǎn)生；存在”之意的用法。句意：恐龍?jiān)谌祟惍a(chǎn)生前就在地球上生活了成千上萬年了。bring ... into being是及物動(dòng)詞短

31、語，不符合語法要求。,高考體驗(yàn)(2009·北京)Scientists have many theories about how the universe ________ into being.A. came B. was comingC. had come D. would come,【解析】 A 考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：對(duì)于宇宙是如何形成的科學(xué)家們有很多不同的理論。因?yàn)橛钪娴男纬蛇@個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以用一

32、般過去時(shí)來表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。come into being表示“形成”。,2. show off炫耀；夸耀；賣弄She wanted to show off her new dress.她想炫耀一下自己的新衣服。He doesn’t like to show off.他不喜歡炫耀。,知識(shí)拓展與show有關(guān)的其他短語：on show 被展出show in 領(lǐng)進(jìn)(客人等) show sb. the door 逐出；［美］

33、拒絕要求show out 送出(客人) show sb. over / round / around 領(lǐng)某人(到處)參觀show up 到席；露面；顯眼；暴露；揭發(fā),探究練習(xí)It is not wise to ________ your ability and importance in front of others， which will make you unwelcome.A. put off B. give o

34、ff C. take off D. show off,【解析】 D 考查了show off表示“炫耀；展示”之意的用法。句意：在他人面前炫耀自己的本領(lǐng)和重要性是不明智的，會(huì)讓你變得不受人歡迎。give off是“發(fā)出”； take off是“起飛；脫下”； put off是“推遲；拖延”。,3. knock into sb.撞到某人身上；偶然遇到He ran so fast that he knocked into a c

35、ar parking at the corner.他跑得太快了，撞上了一輛停在拐角處的車。I knocked into her accidentally in the garden.我在花園里偶然遇到了她。,知識(shí)拓展與knock有關(guān)的其他短語：knock about接連打擊(指拳擊)knock down 打(撞)倒；駁倒；把…… 撞入；(拍賣時(shí))敲錘賣出；拆除；拆開knock in(把釘子)釘入knock out 敲出；

36、敲空(煙灰等)；擊倒；打昏；匆匆寫成(文章)；草草訂出(計(jì)劃)；使失去效能；使無用knock over打翻；撞翻knock through把(兩個(gè)房間的隔墻)拆除；打通knock up敲門叫醒；趕做；匆匆安排,探究練習(xí)Lost in thought， he nearly ________ a man who carried a heavy box.A. knocked into B. turned into C. kno

37、cked up D. came up,【解析】 A 考查了knock into表示“撞上”之意的用法。句意：陷入沉思中，他幾乎撞到了一個(gè)攜帶著很重的箱子的人身上。turn ... into是“把……變成”； come up是“被提出”，均為干擾項(xiàng)。,4. break into闖入；開始(大笑、唱起來)The bank was broken into and some money was stolen.竊賊闖入銀行，偷走了一些

38、錢。Hearing the joke， we broke into laughter.聽到這個(gè)笑話，我們都大笑起來。,知識(shí)梳理與break有關(guān)的其他短語：break down 損壞；(把化合物等)分解；(汽車)拋錨；垮掉break in 非法闖入；插嘴；打斷break off 打斷；折斷；中斷(說話)break out (戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疫病等)突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)［▲不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)］break through 沖破；突破bre

39、ak up 分解；分裂,探究練習(xí)用與break有關(guān)的短語填空。(1)On my way to the station my car ________.(2)We watched， amazed as fire ________ on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.(3)However， the band ________ in abou

40、t 1970， but reunited in the mid-1980s.,【答案】 (1)broke down (2)broke out (3)broke up,重點(diǎn)句型As a society， it’s high time that we took these issues more seriously.作為一個(gè)社會(huì)，我們早該認(rèn)真對(duì)待這些問題了。本句用了“it is high time +that 從句”的句型，表示

41、“早該到了要干某事的時(shí)候了”；that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)或should do的形式。It is high time you should start.到了你該啟程的時(shí)間了。It is high time we went to work.到了我們?nèi)ド习嗟臅r(shí)間了。點(diǎn)津提示該句式中should不能夠省略；that引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。,探究練習(xí)It’s high time ________ the boring thing.A.

42、 that you will give upB. that you would give upC. you gave upD. that you give up,【解析】 C 考查了“it is high time +that 從句”表示“早該到了干某事的時(shí)間了”之意的用法。that從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用should do或過去式的形式，其中should不能夠省略。,隨堂基礎(chǔ)闖關(guān)Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空1. Would it be ___

43、_____ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?A. free B. vacantC. handy D. convenient,答案 D解析 句意：你方便在四點(diǎn)鐘來接我去機(jī)場嗎?free“有空的；自由的”； vacant“空缺的”； handy“方便的；在手邊的”； convenient

44、“方便的；便利的”。,2. They planted flowers in great ________ in this area.A. amount B. sizeC. abundance D. blossom,答案 C解析 句意：他們在這個(gè)地區(qū)種了許多花。in abundance“許多；大量”，符合語境。,3. Is there a ________ seat in the smoking area? I n

45、eed to have a smoke to relieve my temptation.A. empty B. vacantC. blank D. hollow,答案 B解析 句意：在吸煙區(qū)有空座位嗎?我需要抽一口緩解一下煙癮。empty“空的；沒有什么東西的”； blank“空白的；沒有填寫內(nèi)容的”； hollow“中空的”； vacant表示“未被占用的”，故選B。,4. Miss Anne has just

46、 got her salary raised， so her decision to ________ was a great surprise to everyone.A. dismiss B. resignC. retire D. fire,答案 B解析 dismiss“開除”； resign“辭職”； retire“退休”； fire“解雇”。根據(jù)句意“安妮女士剛被提升了工資，所以她的辭職使每個(gè)人都始料不及”

47、可知B項(xiàng)正確。,5. — The chairman was ________ by secret ballot.— It is said that he was forced to resign within three months of his election.A. elected B. selectedC. picked D. asked,答案 A解析 句意：——這個(gè)主席是由不記名投票選出來的?！獡?jù)說在

48、當(dāng)選的三個(gè)月內(nèi)他就被迫辭職了。elect“選舉”，符合題意。,6. The chemical industry ________ most responsibility for the local pollution accidents.A. concerns B. toleratesC. undertakes D. ignores,答案 C解析 考查動(dòng)詞辨析。句意：化學(xué)工業(yè)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈廴臼录?fù)大部分責(zé)任。undert

49、ake“承擔(dān)”； concern“關(guān)注”； tolerate“容忍”； ignore“忽略”。根據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)正確。,7. Bernard Madoff was ________ to 150 years in prison for the fraud.A. judged B. accusedC. charged D. sentenced,答案 D解析 句意：伯納德·麥道夫因詐騙案被判150年徒刑。be s

50、entenced to 150 years in prison“被判150年徒刑”，為固定搭配。,8. The rent is reasonable and， ________， the location is perfect.A. moreover B. thereforeC. meanwhile D. otherwise,答案 A解析 考查副詞辨析。句意：房租很合理，而且位置也很好。moreover“此外；而且”

51、； therefore“因此”； meanwhile“同時(shí)”； otherwise“否則”。只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。,9. We do not have enough money， ________ we cannot afford to buy the new car.A. occasionally B. consequentlyC. continuously D. constantly,答案 B解析 句意：我們的錢不夠，

52、因此，買不起這輛新車。occasionally“偶爾”； consequently“所以；因此”； continuously“不斷地”； constantly“經(jīng)常地”。,10. To ________ system of life tenure(官職的保有) in office in that area is quite available.A. delete B. eraseC. abolish D. betray,

53、答案 C解析 delete“刪除”； erase“擦除”； abolish“廢止”； betray“背叛”。句意：在那個(gè)地區(qū)廢除干部終身制是可行的。,Ⅱ.短語應(yīng)用1. No one knows exactly when the lake ________.A. took its place B. came into beingC. happened D. came over,答案 B解析 句意：沒有人準(zhǔn)確知道這

54、個(gè)湖是何時(shí)形成的。come into being“形成”。,2. Only by continuously increasing social accumulation can a country be prosperous and the people ________.A. well up B. well offC. well away D. well out,答案 B解析 well off為固定短語，意為“經(jīng)

55、濟(jì)上富裕的；處境好的”。句意：只有不斷增加社會(huì)積累，一個(gè)國家才能興旺，人民才能富裕。,3. He found his house ________ and something valuable stolen.A. broken down B. broken outC. broken off D. broken into,答案 D解析 句意：他發(fā)現(xiàn)有人闖入了他的家，偷走了一些值錢的東西。break into“闖入”； b

56、reak down“分解；壞掉”； break out“爆發(fā)”； break off“結(jié)束”。只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。,Ⅲ.單詞拼寫1. The girl has been waiting in the rain for 2 hours， only to get a ________ (簽名) of a pop star she likes.2. ________ (納稅人) should pay taxes in time.3. Th

57、e large fortune he ________ (積累) was completely lost in the big fire.4. Pour the liquid into a ________ (容器) and seal it well.5. The newly-elected president ________ (著手做) everything that he got.6. Be careful not to _

58、_______ (刪除) the file I’m using.,答案 1. signature 2. Taxpayers 3. accumulated 4. container 5. undertook 6.delete,Ⅳ.用括號(hào)中的英語提示翻譯下列的句子。1.目前農(nóng)民不再為重稅所累。(be burdened with)______________________________________________

59、2. 這個(gè)國家富產(chǎn)石油。(be abundant in)______________________________________________3. 我答應(yīng)為晚會(huì)做一個(gè)蛋糕。(undertake to do)______________________________________________4. 他由于謀殺而被判處死刑。(be sentenced to)_______________________________

60、_______________,5. 他總是向我們炫耀他的新車。(show off)______________________________________________6. 他剛剛睡著，竊賊就闖入了。(break into)______________________________________________7. 這個(gè)組織是什么時(shí)候形成的？(come into being)____________________

61、__________________________8. 早該到了我們采取措施制止這種行為的時(shí)候了。(it’s high time that .... )______________________________________________,答案 1. Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened with taxation.2. This country is abundant in

62、 natural oil.3. I have undertaken to make a cake for the party.4. He was sentenced to death because of murder.5. He is always showing off his new car to us.6. No sooner had he fallen asleep than the burglars broke in