生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)a2009答案

1、《生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》試題 A （第 1 頁 共 9 頁） 南京 南京師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院 師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院 2008?2009 學(xué)年第 學(xué)年第一學(xué)期 學(xué)期碩士研究生 碩士研究生期末考試 期末考試 《生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué) 生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》試卷 》試卷（A） 題號(hào) 一 二 三 四 五 六 總分 得分 一、簡答題（每小題 4 分，共 20 分） 1、最常見的數(shù)據(jù)類型（The most common types of data） 答：Quanti

2、tative data, ranked (ordinal) data, and categorical (nominal) data 2、為何需要數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化（Why data transformation） 答：three assumptions for parametric analyses (1) Data from each group were obtained randomly from a normal population;

3、 (2) the sampled populations must all have equal variances (in which case it can be said that the variances are homoscedastic); and (3) the effects of the factor levels must be assumed to be additive Data need to be t

4、ransformed if the aforementioned three assumptions are not met when employing parametric and other related analyses 3、如何從總體抽樣（How to sample from populations） 答：Randomly sampling ? random table and other randomly sampling

5、 methods Size and shape of samples Size and number of samples ? when precision is hold constant, there is an inverse relationship between size and number of samples N = 4?2 / d2 4、 雙因子方差分析的變異來源 （Sources of variation in

6、two-factor analysis of variance）答：within (error) groups (samples) SS = ?[? (Xij – Xi)2], within groups DF = ? (ni – 1) = N - k among groups SS = ? ni (Xi – X)2] = ?[(? Xij)2 / ni] – C among group DF = k – 1 total SS =

7、 ? ? (Xij – X)2 = error SS + groups SS = ? ? Xij 2 – C total DF = N – 1 = error DF + groups DF C = (? ? Xij ) 2 / N 5、試述統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的重要性（Why statistical analyses important） 答：Many of the investigations in life sciences have beco

8、me quantitative, in that a great many types of environmental observations consist of numerical facts called data. As life entities are counted or measured, it becomes apparent that some objective methods are necessary to

9、 aid the investigator in collecting, presenting, analyzing and reporting research 得分 專業(yè)： 學(xué)號(hào)： 姓名： 裝 訂

10、 線 《生物統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)》試題 A （第 3 頁 共 9 頁） independent of sex. Please note that the critical G value is 7.815 when P = 0.05 and df = 3）發(fā)色（Hair color） 總數(shù)（Total） 黑色（Black） 棕色（Brown）金色（Bl

11、ond）紅色（Red） 男性（Male） 64 86 32 18 200 女性（Female）110 130 128 32 400 G = 19.024297914, df = 3, P < 0.05 4、 左表是某種龜雌雄個(gè)體血清中甾醇類激素含量的抽樣數(shù)據(jù)，試分別用 t-檢驗(yàn)、Mann-Whitney 秩檢驗(yàn)和單因子方差分析（one-way ANOVA）檢測該種龜雌雄個(gè)體血清中具有相同甾醇類激素含量的無效假設(shè)

12、[Using the data in the left table to test the null hypothesis that male and female turtles have the same mean serum cholesterol concentrations [Serum cholesterol (mg/100 ml)] by using Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U-tes

13、t and one-way ANOVA] t = 0.192757, df = 15, P = 0.849735 U = 30, U' = 42, P = 0.5637 F1, 15 = 0.0372, P = 0.8497 Males Females 220.1 223.4 218.6 221.5 229.6 230.2 228.8 224.3 220.0 223.8 224.1 230.8 226.5