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1、Part1.ExplanationofTerms30pointsNOTE:Givethedefinitionsexplanationsofthefollowingterms5pointsfeach.(1)DataIntegrityAssuresthatinfmationprogramsarechangedonlyinaspecifiedauthizedmanner.Ininfmationsecurityintegritymeanstha
2、tdatacannotbemodifiedundetectably.Integrityisviolatedwhenamessageisactivelymodifiedintransit.Infmationsecuritysystemstypicallyprovidemessageintegrityinadditiontodataconfidentiality(2)InfmationSecurityAuditAninfmationsecu
3、rityauditisanauditonthelevelofinfmationsecurityinanganization(3)PKIPKIprovideswellconceivedinfrastructurestodeliversecurityservicesinanefficientunifiedstyle.PKIisalongtermsolutionthatcanbeusedtoprovidealargespectrumofsec
4、urityprotection.(4)X.509IncryptographyX.509isanITUTstardfapublickeyinfrastructure(PKI)fsinglesignon(SSO單點(diǎn)登錄)PrivilegeManagementInfrastructure(PMI特權(quán)管理基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)).TheITUTrecommendationX.509definesadirectyservicethatmaintainsadat
5、abaseofinfmationaboutusersftheprovisionofauthenticationservices…(5)DenialofServiceAttackDoS(DenialofService)isanattemptbyattackerstomakeacomputerresourceunavailabletoitsintendedusers.(6)SOA(ServiceientedArchitecture)SOAi
6、saflexiblesetofdesignprinciplesusedduringthephasesofsystemsdevelopmentintegrationincomputing.AsystembasedonaSOAwillpackagefunctionalityasasuiteofinteroperableservicesthatcanbeusedwithinmultipleseparatesystemsfromseveralb
7、usinessdomains.(7)AccessControlAccesscontrolisasystemthatenablesanauthitytocontrolaccesstoareasresourcesinagivenphysicalfacilitycomputer‐basedinfmationsystem.Anaccesscontrolsystemwithinthefieldofphysicalsecurityisgeneral
8、lyseenasthesecondlayerinthesecurityofaphysicalstructure.(Accesscontrolreferstoexertingcontroloverwhocaninteractwitharesource.Oftenbutnotalwaysthisinvolvesanauthitywhodoesthecontrolling.Theresourcecanbeagivenbuildinggroup
9、ofbuildingscomputerbasedinfmationsystem.Butitcanalsorefertoarestroomstallwhereaccessiscontrolledbyusingacointoopenthedo)(8)SaltedValueIncryptographyasaltconsistsofrombitscreatingoneoftheinputstoaonewayfunction.Theotherin
10、putisusuallyapasswdpassphrase.Theoutputoftheonewayfunctioncanbested(alongsidethesalt)ratherthanthepasswdstillbeusedfauthenticatingusers.Theonewayfunctiontypicallyusesacryptographichashfunction.Atosuccessfullychallengethe
11、authshipofthestatementvalidityofanassociatedcontract.Thetermisoftenseeninalegalsettingwhereintheauthenticityofasignatureisbeingchallenged.Insuchaninstancetheauthenticityisbeing“repudiated“.(17)BastionHostAbastionhostisac
12、omputersonawkspecificallydesignedconfiguredtowithstattacks.It’sidentifiedbythefirewalladminasacriticalstrongpointinthewk’ssecurity.Thefirewalls(application‐levelcircuit‐levelgateways)routerscanbeconsideredbastionhosts.Ot
13、hertypesofbastionhostsincludewebmailDNSFTPservers.(18)CSRFCrossSiteRequestFgery(CSRF)isanattackthatfcesanendusertoexecuteunwantedactionsonawebapplicationinwhichtheyrecurrentlyauthenticated.CSRFattacksspecificallytargetst
14、atechangingrequestsnottheftofdatasincetheattackerhasnowaytoseetheresponsetothefgedrequest.Withalittlehelpofsocialengineering(suchassendingalinkviaemailchat)anattackermaytricktheusersofawebapplicationintoexecutingactionso
15、ftheattackerschoosing.IfthevictimisanmaluserasuccessfulCSRFattackcanfcetheusertoperfmstatechangingrequestsliketransferringfundschangingtheiremailaddresssofth.IfthevictimisanadministrativeaccountCSRFcancompromisetheentire
16、webapplication.Part2.BriefQuestions40pointsNOTE:AnswerthefollowingHOWTOquestionsinbrief8pointsfeach.(1)AsymmetricCryptographicMethod.非對(duì)稱加密算法需要兩個(gè)密鑰:公開密鑰(public‐key)和私有密鑰(private‐key)。公開密鑰與私有密鑰一一配對(duì),如果用一個(gè)公開密鑰對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行加密,則只有用其對(duì)應(yīng)
17、的私有密鑰才能實(shí)施解密;如果用一個(gè)私有密鑰對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行加密,那么也只有用其對(duì)應(yīng)的公開密鑰才能解密。加密和解密使用的是兩個(gè)不同的密鑰,所以這種算法被稱為非對(duì)稱加密算法。具體在2.3.1(2)SecurityinCloudComputing:HowtodiscerntheSecurityinCloudComputinginyourpointofview.Theresponsibilitygoesbothwayshowever:theprovi
18、dermustensurethattheirinfrastructureissecurethattheirclients’dataapplicationsareprotectedwhiletheusermusttakemeasurestoftifytheirapplicationusestrongpasswdsauthenticationmeasures.(3)MD5:Howtobeusedfpasswdprotection.平時(shí)作業(yè)中
19、布置了(4)ARPPoisoning:HowtocarryoutanARPCachePoisoningAttack.(5)VulnerabilitiesofFirewall:Howtoperateafirewallillustratedwithatleast3examples.(6)Kerberos:HowKerberoswks(7)PacketFilteringFirewall:Howtoperateapacketfilteringf
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