國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)第09章

1、Chapter 9Inspection and Insurance,9.1 Background Information1. Commodity Inspection Usually, the goods will be inspected at the port of shipment and reinspected at the port of destination. If the quality, quantity or

2、 weight, packing, etc. of the goods ordered by the buyer should be found not in conformity with the contract stipulations upon reinspection by a commodity inspection department, the buyer shall have the right to lodge a

3、claim against the seller by presenting the relative inspection certificates issued by a contracted inspection organization, within the time stipulated in the contract.2. Insurance As a practice, it will make plain in

4、 a contract as to who will cover the insurance and bear the expenses. If the goods are sold on CIF terms, the seller is responsible for the insuring and the premium. For CIF transactions, the seller usually effects insur

5、ance for 110% of the invoice value against (risks) as per Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the PICC or other insurance companies. As for FOB or CFR terms, the buyer should arrange the insurance and bear the covering expense

6、s.,Insurance coverage varies in content. The People’s Insurance Company of China provides three basic types: Free from Particular Average (FPA), With Particular Average (WPA) and All Risks. Nevertheless, the terms of ins

7、urance must clearly specify what insurance clauses are applicable, for China Insurance Clause (CIC) is different from the Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC). In this way, it will avoid any possible misunderstanding with regar

8、d to the responsibility of parties concerned.The purpose of insurance is to provide compensation for those who suffer from loss or danger that may be incurred. In fact, if goods are properly insured, neither the exporte

9、r nor the importer will suffer any loss. In case of any damage or loss, the insured should claim quickly, usually within a month, by providing all the documents required.,9.2 Situational Conversation Section 1: Specify

10、ing the Inspection RightB=Brown; Z=ZhangZ: Shall we go down to the question of inspection this morning, Mr. Brown?B: All right. Careful and proper inspection is an indispensable part to ensure the quality of the goods

11、 to be purchased.Z: First we should specify the inspection right.B: How do you stipulate the inspection clauses for your imports and exports?Z: According to the inspection clauses, inspection must be conducted before

12、shipment by recognized surveyors. The certificates of quality and quantity issued by the recognized surveyors may be taken as the basis for negotiating payment. After the goods arrive, the commodity inspection bureau at

13、the port of destination may reinspect the goods. The inspection certificates issued by the inspection bureau of the destination port shall serve as the basis for filing a claim.,B: That is, the exporter should have the g

14、oods inspected before shipment, and the importer should have the goods reinspected after their arrival, right?Z: You are right. It is common in international trade today.B: Very reasonable. The interests of both the bu

15、yer and seller are taken into account. Section 2: How to Inspect the GoodsB: Mr. Zhang, would you tell me how and by whom the commodity inspection is conducted before shipment?Z: Our exports inspection is to be conduc

16、ted by China Commodity Inspection Bureau, which enjoys international reputation for impartiality.B: When will the inspection be conducted?Z: Usually inspection is conducted within 5 days before shipment.B: How do they

17、 make the test and analysis of this item?Z: They always use the standard and method laid down in the contract.B: What if there is no method or standard mentioned in the contract?Z: Then the ISO or another internationa

18、lly accepted method is used.,Section 3: Talking About the Coverage B: Mr. Zhang, I’d like to know what your insurance clauses cover?Z: We have three basic covers, namely, Free from Particular Average, With Particular A

19、verage and All Risks.B: How long is the period from the commencement to termination of insurance?Z: The cover shall be limited to 60 days upon discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port o

20、f discharge.B: What’s the difference between “All Risks” and “All Marine Risks”?Z: The difference between them is under the “All Marine Risks”, losses recoverable will only be confined to those arising from perils of t

21、he sea, and maritime accidents, whereas the “All Risks” cover will admit all losses occurring at any time throughout the whole currency of the cover, irrespective of whether they are caused by accidents at sea or on land

22、.B: Could you cover the risk of breakage for us?,Z: Yes, we can. Risk of breakage is classified under extraneous risks. We can cover the risk of breakage for you.B: Who will pay the premium for the risk of breakage?Z:

23、 The additional premium is for the buyer’s account.B: A few points about insurance are not very clear to me. What does “I” cover according to your usual CIF terms?Z: It covers All Risks and War Risks at 110 percent of

24、the invoice value.B: Do you mean that risks such as breakage, leakage, TPND, hook and contamination damage are all included?Z: Yes, you are right.B: What about SRCC risks?Z: It will cover them too, if you like.B: By

25、 the way, how to calculate the premium?Z: That’s a percentage of the total value of your goods. It’s very low.,Section 4: What Should ‘I’ Cover?B: Don’t you think you could make the price C&F for our future busines

26、s? And how much will you take off?Z: The rates quoted by the People’s Insurance Company of China are moderate. They have very little effect on our CIF prices. Roughly speaking, the difference between CIF and C&F is

27、about 0.3 percent. The premium varies with the nature of the goods, the degree of cover desired and the place of destination.B: 0.3 percent, that sounds reasonable. I have another question.Z: What? I hope I’ll be of he

28、lp.B: If we are given a CIF San Francisco price for some textiles, what coverage should we arrange for?Z: In that case, you don’t need All Risks Cover. B: Why?Z: You see, textiles are not delicate goods, and won’t li

29、kely be damaged on the voyage. FPA is enough.B: But FPA does not cover partial loss of the goods in transit.,Z: Then, what about WPA? A WPA policy covers you against partial loss in all cases. In that case, WPA is bette

30、r to you.B: How to calculate the premium?Z: That’s also a percentage of the total value of your goods. It’s very low.9.3 Email Communication Letter 1: Applying for InsuranceDear Sirs,Knowing that your company is t

31、he largest company in China with branches and sub-branches throughout the country and with claims settling agents in major ports of the world, China Arts & Crafts Import & Export Corp. wishes to insure with your

32、company a shipment of Chinese porcelain valued $780,000 on board the vessel “Tong Soon” against All Risks, bound from Shanghai to London sailing on 20th of March.We shall appreciate it if the goods could be insured at f

33、avorable rate.Yours truly,Letter 2: Replying to a Request for InsuranceDear Sirs,We have for acknowledgment your letter 20th instant and are pleased to note your readiness to insure with us a shipment of Chinese porce

34、lain from Shanghai to London by sea.The prevailing rate for the proposed shipment against All Risks including War Risks is 0.5%, subject to our own Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses and Ocean Marine War Risks Clauses. Copies t

35、hereof are enclosed herewith for your reference.If you find our rate acceptable, please let us know, preferably, by cable, the details of your shipment so that we may issue our policy accordingly.Yours friendly,Letter

36、3: Asking for Additional InsuranceDear Sirs,Thank you very much for the preferential rate that your company has given us for With Particular Average Insurance. Because the port where our shipment will arrive is in rain

37、y season, the shipment may be wetted by rain. Therefore, we want to ask for additional insurance which is Fresh or Rain Water Damage Risk. We shall appreciate it if the shipment could be insured at favorable rate in the

38、additional insurance.Faithfully yours,Letter 4: Replying to a Request for Excessive InsuranceDear Sirs,We are in receipt of your letter of January 18th asking for an extension of above policy for a period of 30 days t

39、o cover the risk of fire whilst the goods are lying in the Customer’ s warehouse in Hamburg. In compliance with your request, we have issued our Endorsement No. ME/PAM/0021 giving effect to the extension and are enclosi

40、ng the same herewith together with debit of $100. We trust you will find them in order.Your early remittance in settlement of the above additional premium will be appreciated.Yours friendly,9.4 Practical Skills Skill

41、 1: Explanatory Notes on Technical Terms 1. approve vi. 批準(zhǔn)，贊成，與介詞of 連用(1) Our company has approved of the insurance rate you offered in your letter of May 5th. (2) We are eager to know if our offer has been appro

42、ved by your firm. 2. refer to 談到，提到(1) We’d like to refer you to our reply of August 29th, in which we have clearly stated our insurance policy. (2) As to the rate, you can refer to the official documents of PICC.3.

43、 be subject to 受約束，受控制(1) The rate now being charged by us for the proposed shipment against All Risks will be 10% subject to China Insurance Clauses.(2) What we should like to point out here is that the agreement rea

44、ched between us is subject to the further instructions from our headquarter.,4. amendment n. 修改，修正(1) Any amendment in the contract can be only made after having the consent of the two parties concerned. (2) With rega

45、rd to the present price level, we proposed an amendment in the contract we signed on May 1st. 5. The Main Contents of Insurance Documents(1) The insured. Under CIF terms, the insured is generally the beneficiary of the

46、 credit unless otherwise specified, while under CFR and FOB terms, the insured is usually the importer.(2) Cargo description, including name, quantity, weight, and shipping marks etc.(3) The amount insured and the risk

47、s covered. It should be noted that the currency of the amount insured should be the same as that of the credit.(4) Contents concerning transportation, including the carrying vessel, the port of shipment and the port of

48、destination, the sailing date, etc.,(5) The place where claims are to be settled. Unless otherwise specified in the credit, the port of destination is taken as the place for settling claims.(6) The date on which the doc

49、ument is issued. It can be made earlier but by no means later than the date of the bill of lading.6. Insurance Policy Stipulated in a L/CThe required insurance policy or certificate is stipulated in an L /C in the foll

50、owing ways: (1) Insurance policy (or certificate) covering WPA and War Risks for 110% of the invoice value.(2) Marine insurance policies or certificates, for no less than 10% over invoice value, blank endorsed, coverin

51、g All Risks as per CIC, claims payable at... (the name of the destination).(3) Insurance policies or certificates issued by insurance companies, for 10% above invoice amount, fully covering the merchandise from point of

52、 origin to warehouse at destination against the risks of Marine Perils, Fire, War and CIC Cargo Clauses(All Risks) irrespective of percentage, with claims payable at... (the name of the destination). The insurance is to

53、be effected by the shipper(covered by the buyer).,(4) Insurance policies (or certificates) in duplicate, covering Marine and War Risks for full CIF invoice value plus 10%.(5) Insurance policies (or certificates) in assi

54、gnable form and endorsed in blank, covering... Risks at full invoice value plus 10% and showing claims payable...(the name of the destination).Skill 2: Useful Expressions (1) But as a rule, we don’t cover them unless y

55、ou want to. (2) Another thing, I’d like to have the insurance of the goods covered at 130% of the invoice amount. (3) Please note that our insurance coverage is for 110% of the invoice value only. (4) If more th

56、an that is asked for, the extra premium for the difference between 130% and 110% should be borne by the buyer. (5) How about your covering the insurance against WPA and War Risks for 130% of the invoice value with the

57、 People’s Insurance Company of China?(6) You can be sure that we will have the goods insured as soon as they are shipped.,第九章 商檢與保險,一、背景知識1. 商檢 通常，貨物在啟運港要接受檢驗，在目的港還要復(fù)驗。如果買方所訂貨物在商檢部門復(fù)驗時發(fā)現(xiàn)其質(zhì)量、數(shù)量或重量、包裝等方面與合同中的規(guī)定不符，買方有權(quán)

58、向賣方提出索賠。索賠時買方要在合同規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)向賣方提供由合同中規(guī)定的商檢機構(gòu)所出示的相關(guān)檢驗證書。2. 保險一般說來，在合同中會標(biāo)明由哪一方為貨物投保及承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費用。如果貨物以到岸價成交，賣方將負責(zé)為貨物投保及負擔(dān)保險費。對于以到岸價達成的交易，賣方將按照中國人民保險公司或其他保險公司的海洋運輸保險條款，按發(fā)票金額的110%投保某險種。以離岸價或成本加運費價成交的貨物，買方應(yīng)為其投保并承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的費用。保險險別各不相同。中國人民

59、保險公司提供三種基本險別：平安險、水漬險和一切險。然而，在保險協(xié)議中必須清楚地標(biāo)明它適合哪種保險條款。保險的目的是為可能蒙受的損失或毀壞提供賠償。事實上，如果貨物投保得當(dāng)，進口商和出口商都不會遭受任何損失。萬一有損失或毀壞，投保人應(yīng)在一個月內(nèi)提供所需文件提出索賠。,二、情景對話 對話1：明確商檢權(quán)利B=Brown; Z=ZhangZ：今天上午我們談?wù)勆虣z問題，好嗎，布朗先生？B：認真、嚴格的商品檢驗對于保證要購買的商品的質(zhì)量是

60、不可缺少的一環(huán)。Z：首先我們應(yīng)當(dāng)明確商檢的權(quán)利。B：你們進出口貿(mào)易中的檢驗條款是怎樣規(guī)定的？Z：根據(jù)檢驗條款，在裝船前，必須由雙方公認的公證行進行檢驗。公證行出示的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量證明可作為議付依據(jù)。貨到后，由目的港的商檢局進行復(fù)檢。目的港所在的商檢局提供的檢驗證明將作為索賠的依據(jù)。B：那就是說，出口商在裝運前先檢驗，進口商在貨到后進行復(fù)檢，對嗎？Z：你講得對，這在當(dāng)今的國際貿(mào)易中是常見的。B：很合理，買賣雙方的利益都考慮到了。,

61、對話2：怎樣檢驗商品B：張先生，請告訴我，裝運前商檢怎樣進行？由誰進行？Z：我方出口商品將由中國商品檢驗局進行檢驗，該機構(gòu)以公正聞名世界。B：檢驗何時進行？Z：檢驗通常是在裝運前5天內(nèi)進行。B：對此商品他們用什么方法進行檢查和分析？Z：他們總是按合同規(guī)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方法進行檢測。B：要是合同里沒有明確規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和方法呢？Z：那就用國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織的或國際上慣用的方法。對話3：談?wù)撾U別B：張先生，我想了解一下你們的保險條款中有

62、哪些險別？Z：我們有平安險、水漬險和一切險三種。B：保險責(zé)任的起止期限是多長？Z：被保險的貨物在最后的卸載港卸離海輪后，保險責(zé)任以 60 天為限。B：“一切險”和“一切海運險”有什么區(qū)別？,Z：兩者的區(qū)別是：以“一切海運險”投保，其損失的賠償只限于因海上災(zāi)難和海運意外事故所引起的損失；而?！耙磺须U”，在整個承保期內(nèi)的任何時間，不論在海上或陸上所產(chǎn)生的意外事故，其全部損失都予以賠償。B：你能為我們加?！捌扑殡U”嗎？Z：是的，可

63、以?！捌扑殡U”屬于一種附加險，我們可以為你們加保“破碎險”。B：加保“破碎險”的費用由誰負責(zé)？Z：增加的費用由買方負責(zé)。B：我對保險還有幾點不清楚，根據(jù)你們慣用的 CIF 價格條件，所保的是哪些險別？Z：包括“一切險”和“戰(zhàn)爭險”，按發(fā)票金額的110%投保。B：你的意思是，“破碎險”、“滲漏險”、“偷盜、提貨不著險”、“鉤損險”、“污染險”都包括在內(nèi)嗎？Z：是的，你講得對。B：“罷工、暴動、民變險”你們也承保嗎？Z：如果

64、你們要求，也可以承保。B：順便問一下，保險費怎么計算？Z：按全部貨物價值的百分比計算，很低。,對話4：我該投保什么險？B：你考慮過嗎？今后的交易你們能不能做C & F價格條款？價格可以減去多少？Z：中國人民保險公司收費很少，實際上對CIF價格沒有多大影響。大體上講，CIF和C & F之間的差價大約為0.3%，當(dāng)然，保險費根據(jù)商品性質(zhì)、投保險別以及目的港的不同而不同。B：0.3%，聽起來很合理。我還有個問題。Z

65、：什么問題？但愿我能幫助你。B：如果我們采用 CIF 舊金山價運一批紡織品，我們該投保什么險？Z：那樣的話，你不必投?！耙磺须U”。B：為什么？Z：紡織品不是易碎物，運輸途中不易損壞，“平安險”足夠了。B：可是“平安險”不是不賠部分損失嗎？Z：那就投?！八疂n險”吧，水漬險賠償任何情況下的部分損失，這樣，“水漬險”對你更適合。B：怎樣計算保險費？Z：也是按你全部貨物價值的百分比計算，非常低的。,三、郵件往來 郵件1：申請辦

66、理保險敬啟者：獲悉貴公司乃是中國最大的保險公司，分支機構(gòu)遍及全國，并在世界主要港口設(shè)有檢驗和理賠代理，中國工藝品進出口公司希望向貴公司投保貨值為780 000美元的中國瓷器，承運船名為“唐宋”，險別為“一切險”，航線是上海至倫敦，開航日期是3月20日。如果該批投保貨物能開出優(yōu)惠費率，我們將不勝感激。敬上,郵件2：答復(fù)保險要求敬啟者：貴公司本月20日的來函收到，并高興地獲悉貴公司擬將一批由上海裝船運往倫敦的瓷器交付我

67、公司承保。根據(jù)我公司海洋運輸貨物保險條款和海洋運輸貨物戰(zhàn)爭險的規(guī)定，承保上述貨物的一切險(包括戰(zhàn)爭險)的現(xiàn)行費率是0.5%。隨函附上上述條款各一份，請參閱。如果貴公司同意接受此費率，請以電報告知貴公司貨物運輸詳情，以便我公司據(jù)此出具保險單。敬上郵件3：要求保附加險敬啟者：非常感謝貴公司對我方投保的“水漬險”給予的優(yōu)惠費率。鑒于我方貨物將抵達的港口正值雨季，貨物有可能被雨弄濕，受到損毀，故而欲加保 “淡水雨淋險”。如果保險費率

68、合適，我們將不勝感激。敬上,郵件4：對額外保險的答復(fù)敬啟者：我們已收到您1月18日對一份為期30天的保險單要求追加保險的請求信，也就是對貨物存放在漢堡港用戶的倉庫期間追加火險。按照您的要求，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)出了我們簽發(fā)的包括增加保險范圍的ME/PAM/0021保險單，連同100美元的賬單裝在一起。我們確信您會依次看到的。如果您能及早結(jié)算匯出這筆額外保險的費用，我們將不勝感激。敬上四、實用技能 技能1：專用術(shù)語解釋1. app