高中英語語法學生版1

1、高中定語從句詳細講解高中定語從句詳細講解（一）定義及相關術語（一）定義及相關術語定語從句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞（關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。（二）關系代詞引導的定語從句（二）關系代詞引導的定語從句關系詞指代成分that人，物主賓Which人，物主賓who人主賓Whom人賓whose人，物定1who指人，在定語從句

2、中作主語。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.。2whom指人，在定語從句中做賓語，?？墒÷?。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)I

3、wanttosee.Theprofess(whom)youarewaitingfhascome.Thegirl(whom)theteacheroftenpraisesisourmonit.注意：關系代詞whom在口語或非正式文體中常可用who來代替，也可省略。Theman(whomwho)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3Which指物，在定語從句中做主語或賓語，做賓語時常可省略。Footballisagamewh

4、ichislikedbymostboys.Thefactywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere.Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyfeignwriters.。4that指人時，相當于who或whom；指物時，相當于which.。在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。Thenumberofpeoplethatwhocometovisitthiscityeachy

5、earreachesonemillion.WhereisthemanthatwhomIsawthismningThepersonthatwhomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthatwhichcomesafterspringissummer.YesterdayIreceivedaletterthatwhichcamefromAustralia.5Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語

6、。whosen.引導定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是定語從句的一個考查熱點，此結(jié)構(gòu)可以換成是then.ofwhich引導定語從句或者可以換成是ofwhichthen.Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoct.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.TomrowI’llbringhereth

7、emagazine(whichthat)youaskedf.TomrowI’llbringherethemagazinefwhichyouasked.明天我將把你要的雜志帶來。Thisistheboy(whomwhothat)Iplayedtenniswithyesterday.ThisistheboywithwhomIplayedtenniswithyesterday.這是我昨天跟他打臺球的男孩。注意：１含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，

8、介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookflookaftertakecareof等。Thisisthewatch(whichthat)Iamlookingf.(正)這是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchfwhichIamlooking.(誤)Thebabies(whomwhothat)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.(正)Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislooki

9、ngareveryhealthy.（誤）“介詞關系代詞”前還可有someanynoneallbothneithermanymosteachfew等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：Heloveshisparentsdeeplybothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapplessomeofwhichhavegonebad.Thereareftystudentsinourclassin

10、allmostofwhomarefrombigcities.Uptonowhehaswrittentenstiesthreeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.先行詞為先行詞為way時先行詞為way，在定語從句中作狀語時，用that，inwhich引導定語從句，也可以省略關系詞。e.g.Idon’tliketheway(thatinwhich)hespeakstohisparents.（四）（四）關系副詞引導的定語從句

11、關系副詞引導的定語從句(whenwherewhy)注意：在從句中缺少狀語注意：在從句中缺少狀語先行詞關系詞成分時間timeday.holiday…When狀語地點placecityhousecase…Where狀語原因（thereason）why狀語1when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfin

12、allyarrived.October11949wasthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Doyouremembertheyearswhenhelivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrparents2where指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasbn.ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagoh

13、asbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.Isthistheplacewheretheyfoughttheenemy3.why指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyh

14、elooksunhappytoday.注意：關系副詞引導的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~關系代詞”引導的定語從句來表示。如：Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhereinwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhyfwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.先行詞表示時間、地點、原因時，在定語從句中作狀語狀語，選擇相應的關系副詞when、where、why引導