美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)與重建美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)與重建transcript23

1、CivilWarReconstruction:Lecture23TranApril152008backProfessDavidBlight:SowhatistheengineofhistyIbegyourattention.TheresasimplequestionfyouwhatistheengineofhistyDontyoulikeunanswerablequestionsIstheengineofhistypoliticsthe

2、inherentnaturaleternalquestofpeopletobendotherpeopleswillstakepoweristheengineofhistyeconomicsthegrindingonthegroundprocessbywhichpeoplecarveoutlivelihoodsoveragainstotherpeoplescompetitionfthesamelivelihoodsItdoesntseem

3、tomatterwhathistyyoustudywhereyoulookhistyalwayssomehowcomesaroundtothisnexusthiscollisionbetweenfcesofpoliticalpowerfcesofeconomicsourjobisalwayssomehowtodiscernbetweenthemhowtheymix.Nowoftenofcoursetheansweristhatitsal

4、lonethesamething.ListentothispassagebyafreedmanintheSouthnamedBaileyWyatt.Hegotupmadeaspeechatafreedmenspoliticalmeeting.ThiswasactuallyanearlyUnionLeaguemeetingin1866.ItwasaboutpoliticalganizingintheSouth.ButknowwhatBai

5、leygetsupsaysasitwasrecded.ItwasameetinginYktownVirginia.BaileyWyattfmerslavehesstofannouncingthefreedpeoplesgrievancesatapoliticalgathering.Hesays:“Wenowasapeopledesirestobeelevatedwedesirestodoallwecantobeeducatedwehop

6、eourfriendswillaidusalltheycan.Imaystatetoallourfriendstoallourenemiesthatwehasarighttothelwherewearelocated.WhyIlltellyou.Ourwivesourchildrenourhusbshasbeensoldoveroveragaintopurchasethelswenowlocatesupon.Fthatreasonweh

7、aveadivinerighttothel.thendidntweclearthelsraisethecropsofcnofcottonoftobaccoofriceofsugarofeverythingthendidntthemlargecitiesintheNthgrowuponthecottonthesugarsthericethatwemadeYesIappealtotheSouthtotheNthifIhasntspokent

8、hewdsofthetruth.Isaytheyhavegrownrichmypeoplearepo.“Atapoliticalrallyhemakesanaggressiveeconomicspeechaboutthelabtheyofvalue.HedidntneedtoreadtoJohnLocke.HedneverreadSecondTreatiseonGovernment.Hehadnthadapoliticalphiloso

9、phycoursebutheabsolutelyunderstood.Hecalleditthedivinerightthelabtheyofvalue.IfIlabtoimprovethatlitsmine.InthatinthesimplicityintheagonythebeautyofBaileyWyattsstatementyouhavealotofwhatwasatstakeinReconstructionyouhaveal

10、otaboutwhatthepoliticaldilemmawasindeliveringonBaileyWyattsclaimtoadivinerighttothel.AllrightbacktoWashingtonbacktothepoliticsatleastfafewminutesthenIwanttoshiftussouthtothisstyoftheonthegroundeconomicsofReconstructiones

11、peciallythismassivetransfmationofaslavelabeconomyintosomekindoffreelabeconomythatquicklyevolvesofcourseyouknowthisatleastthecontoursofitfromreadingFoneritevolveseventuallyratherquicklyintoasystemoftenantfarmingasystemofs

12、harecroppingasystemultimatelyofakindofdebtpeonage.ButinWashingtonthepoliticaltriumphoftheRadicalRepublicanscomesinthatvetoproofCongresstheyproducedinthefallelectionsof1866.in1867theypassedtheTheSecondReconstructionActgav

13、edetailsfhowthosemilitarycommersweresupposedtoconducttheirdistricts.TheThirdReconstructionActpassedsummerof67setupwhatwerecalledregistrationboardswhichwereempoweredtodenyvotingrightstoanyonetheyfeltwerenottakingloyaltyoa

14、thsingoodfaiththeyrestilltryingtoenfcethisloyaltyoath.theFourthReconstructionActnotpasseduntilspringof68simplysaidthatamajityofvotescastwouldbesufficienttoputanewconstitutionintoeffectnotamajityofthoseSouthernerswhohadvo

15、tedin1860.Youllnotesomeerosionthereintheradicalismoftheradicalplan.TherearealotofreasonsfthatnottheleastofwhichistheywereinthestatthatpointoftryingtoimpeachrewJohnson.NowIwishIhadanentirelecturewellIdohaveanentirelecture

16、togiveyouontheimpeachmentofrewJohnsonbutImgoingtodoitquicklyIdbemethanhappyinourreviewsessioninacoupleofweeksanyothertimetocomebacktoit.ItsthefirstgreatmodelwehaveoftheimpeachmentofaPresidentofcourseinourhisty.Wevehadano

17、theronesince.WeusedtothinkitwouldneverevereverhappenagainaftertheNixondebacle.HereIgoImstrayingintomytangent.BelieveitnotIwasImgivingawaymyageherebutIwasahighschoolteachertheyearRidNixonwasalmostimpeachedIhadpreparedfmon

18、thstoteachmystudentsaboutimpeachmentthentheSOBresigned.[Laughter]itjusttookallthefunoutoftheearly1970s.[Laughter]Butitwasagreatcivicslesson.WegotthatcivicslessonoveragainbecauseofBillClintonsaffairwithaWhiteHouseinternbe

19、causeofwhat“is““was“whateverthehellitwashesaidtotheGrJury.YouneedtoknowacoupleofthingsthoughabouttheConstitutionifyoudontalreadyknowit.ThereactuallyarefourwellfiveprovisionsaboutimpeachmentintheConstitution.Itsthemostawe

20、somepowerintheConstitutioninsomewaysitisntwieldedveryoften.TheauthitytoimpeachofcourserestswiththeHouseofRepresentatives.ItistheHouseofRepresentativesthroughitsjudiciarycommitteethatinvestigatesgroundsfimpeachmentofapres

21、identacabiofficialaSupremeCourtjustice.ItistheHouseofRepresentativesthatthenbringsarticlesofimpeachmentwhichineffectarelikeanindictmentalthoughtheyareapoliticalindictmentneverintendedtobealegalindictment.Thethirdpartofth

22、eConstitutionArticle1Section3Clause6givestheU.S.Senatethepowertositasthejurythejudicialfunctionoftryingapersonunderimpeachmentges.TheHousegestheSenatejudges.OnlytheSenateinitscollectivevotecandetermineguiltinnocenceittak

23、estheykeptthisanawesomepowerdifficulttouseittakesatwothirdsvoteoftheU.S.Senatetoimpeachremoveapresidentotherofficial.thencomesthepunishmentclauseArticle1Section3Clause7oftheConstitution:judgmentincasesofimpeachmentshalln

24、otextendfurtherthantoremovalfromofficedisqualificationtoholdenjoyanyotherofficeofhontrustprofitundertheUnitedStatesbutthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliablesubjecttoindictmenttrialjudgmentpunishmentaccdingtolaw.Youco

25、uldstillbetriedinacriminalcourtafteryoureimpeachedalthoughwevenevergottenthatfar.ButtheonlypowertheSenatehasisremoval.thatisexactlywhattheRadicalRepublicansaretryingtodotorewJohnsonthatheprovokesthemtodooveroverin1867ear