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1、GothicGothicfictionfictionsometimesreferredtoasGothicGothichrhrisagenreofliteraturethatcombineselementsofbothhrromance.AsagenreitisgenerallybelievedtohavebeeninventedbytheEnglishauthHaceWalpolewithhis1764novelTheCastleof
2、Otranto.TheeffectofGothicfictionfeedsonapleasingstofterranextensionofRomanticliterarypleasuresthatwererelativelynewatthetimeofWalpolesnovel.Melodramaparody(includingselfparody)wereotherlongstingfeaturesoftheGothicinitiat
3、edbyWalpole.GothicliteratureisintimatelyassociatedwiththeGothicRevivalarchitectureofthesameera.InawaysimilartothegothicrevivalistsrejectionoftheclarityrationalismoftheneoclassicalstyleoftheEnlightenedEstablishmentthelite
4、raryGothicembodiesanappreciationofthejoysofextremeemotionthethrillsoffearfulnessaweinherentinthesublimeaquestfatmosphere.Theruinsofgothicbuildingsgaverisetomultiplelinkedemotionsbyrepresentingtheinevitabledecaycollapseof
5、humancreations—thustheurgetoaddfakeruinsaseyecatchersinEnglishlscapeparks.EnglishGothicwritersoftenassociatedmedievalbuildingswithwhattheysawasadarkterrifyingperiodacterizedbyharshlawsenfcedbytturewithmysteriousfantastic
6、superstitiousrituals.InliteraturesuchAntiCatholicismhadaEuropeandimensionfeaturingRomanCatholicexcessessuchastheInquisition(insouthernEuropeancountriessuchasItalySpain).ProminentfeaturesofGothicfictionincludeterr(bothpsy
7、chologicalphysical)mysterythesupernaturalghostshauntedhousesGothicarchitecturecastlesdarknessdeathdecaydoublesmadnesssecretshereditarycurses.ThestockactersofGothicfictionincludetyrantsvillainsbitsmaniacsByronicheroespers
8、ecutedmaidensfemmesfatalesmonksnunsmadwomenmagiciansvampireswerewolvesmonstersdemonsdragonsangelsfallenangelsrevenantsghostsperambulatingskeletonstheWeringJewtheDevilhimself.ContentsContents[hide]AnotherexampleofGothicpa
9、rodyinasimilarveinisTheHeroinebyEatonStannardBarrett(1813).CherryWilkinsonafatuousfemaleprotagonistwithahistyofnovelreadingfanciesherselfastheheroineofaGothicromance.Sheperceivesmodelsrealityaccdingtothestereotypestypica
10、lplotstructuresoftheGothicnovelleadingtoaseriesofabsurdeventsculminatingincatastrophe.AfterherdownfallheraffectationsexcessiveimaginationsbecomeeventuallysubduedbythevoiceofreasoninthefmofStuartapaternalfigureunderwhoseg
11、uidancetheprotagonistreceivesasoundeducationcrectionofhermisguidedtaste(Skarda1986).[editedit]TheTheFemaleFemaleGothicGothicacterizedbyitscastlesdungeonsgloomyfestshiddenpassagesfromtheGothicnovelgenreemergedtheFemaleGot
12、hic.GuidedbythewksofauthssuchasAnnRadcliffeMaryShelleylotteBronttheFemaleGothicpermittedtheintroductionoffemininesocietalsexualdesiresintoGothictexts.TheMedievalsocietyinwhichGothictextsarebasedgrantedwomenwriterstheoppt
13、unitytoattribute“featuresofthemode[ofGothicism]astheresultofthesuppressionoffemalesexualityelseasachallengetothegenderhierarchyvaluesofamaledominatedculture.”[1]SignificantlywiththedevelopmentoftheFemaleGothiccamethelite
14、rarytechniqueoftheappropriatelycoinedtermSupernaturalExplained.TheSupernaturalExplainedisarecurringplotdeviceinRadcliffe’sTheRomanceoftheFest.Thenovelpublishedin1791isamongRadcliffe’searlierwks.Thenovelsetsupsuspensefhri
15、ficeventswhichallhavenaturalexplanations.AnEighteenthCenturyresponsetothenovelfromtheMonthlyReviewreads:“Wemusthearnomeofenchantedfestscastlesgiantsdragonswallsoffireother‘monstrousprodigiousthings’–yetstillfestscastlesr
16、emainitisstillwithintheprovinceoffictionwithoutoversteppingthelimitsofnaturetomakeuseofthemfthepurposeofcreatingsurprise.”[2]Radcliffe’suseofSupernaturalExplainedisacteristicoftheGothicauth.Thefemaleprotagonistspursuedin
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