分詞系統(tǒng)理論知識

1、1現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞（知識點）Ｉ現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞可作:________語、_________語、__________語、_________語(指出下列分詞或分詞短語并說明其在句中的用法即句子成份)Thatwasanextremelyinterestingspeech.()Peoplerunningthesefactiesareveryconernedabouttheenvironment.(）Thisdestructionisfrig

2、htening.（）Weallfoundhisargumentconvincinginteresting.（）Theystoodtheretalkingtoeachother.（）Havingobservedtheproblemfmanyyearsheannouncedthatwearenowfacingthebiggestenvironmentalproblem.（）Beingillheisabsenttoday.（）Wearemak

3、ingbiggerholesintheshopingtoavoidcatchingfishthatarenotfullygrown.（）Thefactykeepsreleasingsmokemakingtheairdirty.（）Preparingfullywecanachievegreatthings.（）Weshoulddrinkboiledwater.（）Themeetingattendedbyonethousstudentswa

4、sasuccess.（）Edisonbecameinterestedinsciencewhenhewasveryyoung.（）Shefoundthedolocked.（）Thegirllayinbedlostinthought.（）Whencompletedthemuseumwillbeopentothepublic.（）Frightenedbythethunderlightninginthenightthegirldidnotdar

5、esleepaloneinherownroom.（）Givenmetimewecoulddoitmuchbetter.（）II.非謂語動詞作定語（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、動名詞）如何選用。表示:主動、正在進行、修飾名詞的性質(zhì)和特征選用______________表示被動、完成、（感情等）狀態(tài)，選用______________表示將來選用____________表示用途選用______________如：ThefactymakingT

6、Vsetsisverylarge.（表____________)Thesleepingchildisonlyfiveyearsold.（表_______________)Thegirlsittingbesidemeismycousin.（表_____________)Thisisaninterestingsty.（表____________________)Halfoftheguestsinvitedtothepartywerefeig

7、ners(表_________________)fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起了的太陽(表_______________)Thematterrelatedtoyourfuturecan’tbetakenfgranted.(表____________)ThecontinentconnectedwithAsiaattheSuezCanalisAfrica.（表___________）Hiswishtobecomead

8、octwillcometrue.(表____________)Thereisnoswimmingpoolhere.(表____________)Thehousebeingbuilttobebuiltbuilt(分別表_______________________)注意：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時havingdone不可作定語(一般用定語從句表示)我們一般不說:Thegirlhavingwontheraceismydeskmate.而常這樣說:Th

9、egirlwhohaswontheraceismydeskmate.III非謂語動詞作表語（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞不定式，動名詞）如何選用。表示主語的性質(zhì)特征選用_______________3Thecuppedtotheground____________(break)intopieces.(表__________)Shecame____________(run)towardsme.(表__________)Thechildrenrano

10、utoftheroom___________(talk)merrily.(表__________)Though___moneyhisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.(表__________)A.lackedB.lackingofC.lacking____________(Ask)whyhediditthemonitsaiditwashisduty.(表__________)____________

11、(Catch)inaheavyrainhewasallwet.(表__________)____________(Water)methesecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter(表__________)____________(Surround)byhisstudentstheprofesssattherecheerfully.(表__________)____________(Defeat)againhedidn’

12、tloseheart.(表__________)注意:1）現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式一般可以用____________替換（表次數(shù)時，用____________；句中有過去時間狀語，用____________)Discussed(＝________________)theproblemwassettledatlast._______________(discuss)severaltimesthedecisionwasfinallymade._

13、______________(Build)in1192thebridgewasveryuseful.2).由be過去分詞構(gòu)成短語表非謂語作狀語時，去掉__________動詞即可。（常見的有：belostin（陷入某種狀態(tài)）、belostabsbed（沉溺于）in、bebnin（出身于）、bedressedin（穿著）、betiredof（厭煩了）等。___________(lose)indeepthoughthedidn’theart

14、hesound.3)分詞作狀語前可加連詞：分詞作狀語，前可加一個表示時間、條件、讓步、方式關(guān)系連詞，使意思更清楚：Hescannedthenewspaperwhile__________(have)breakfast.Though__________(wk)daynightthegamblerstillcouldnotmakeenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebts.Themanwalkedhurriedlybutsudd

15、enlystoppedasif__________(remember)something.VI.現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的插入語（固定）結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在分詞：generallyspeaking___________judgingfrom____________talkingofspeakingof____________supposing______________過去分詞：:comparedwithto________________Compare

16、dwithtohermothersheistaller.VII.現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式（分詞的否定形式為其前加__________)現(xiàn)在分詞：一般式_______________(正在進行或與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生)完成式:_______________(發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前)被動一般式：______________(表正在進行，不作_____)。被動完成式______________(在句中多作狀語，不能作________)。

17、過去分詞：只有一般式(沒有完成式?jīng)]有被動式)Thecar__________(repaire)nowismine.__________(repair)thecarcan’tbeused.VIII分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語相同；當分詞的邏輯主語不同于句子主語時，則分詞要加上自已的獨立主語，叫分詞的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Thebellringingweallstoppedtalking.IX、其它感觀動詞、使役動詞后接非謂語動詞