變-形-規(guī)-則

1、變 形 規(guī) 則,可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)形式不可數(shù)名詞主要是抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)集體名詞沒(méi)復(fù)數(shù)形式但做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù),statesman, mouse, mosquito ,monkey, passer-by, watch, button, brochure,university,statesmen, mice, mosquitoes ,monkeys, passers-by, wa

2、tches, buttons, brochures,universities,1.一般在詞尾加-smap-maps, bridge-bridges2.以-s,-x,-sh,-ch結(jié)尾的加-esglass-glasses, brush-brushes3. 以o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞后加-eshero-heroes, potato-potatoes 以o結(jié)尾的無(wú)生命的名詞以及-oo結(jié)尾的詞后加-spiano--pianos,

3、 zoo--zoos,4.以輔音加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i加es;以元音加y結(jié)尾的詞直接加sfactory-factories;boy-boys5. 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞，把-f,-fe改為V,再加-eswolf-wolves, leaf-leaves有的以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的詞，可以直接加-sbelief-beliefs, roof--roofs,不規(guī)則變化,1.bacterium-bacteria; medium-med

4、ia; criterion-criteria phenomenon-phenomena,2. businessman-businessmen policeman-policemen postman-postmen salesman-salesmen spokesman-spokesmen statesman-statesmen,3. goose-geese; tooth-te

5、eth; foot-feet4. mouse-mice; ox-oxen; child-children deer-deer; fish-fish;sheep-sheep5. means-means; analysis-analyses stamach-stamachs,leaf-leaves; knife-knives life-lives; shelf-s

6、helves thief-thieves; wolf-wolves,,動(dòng) 詞 的 單 三 變,寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式1. swim 2. draw 3. make 4. run 5. carry 6.leave 7. arrive 8. watch 9.clean 10. stay,寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式1. swims

7、 2. draws 3. makes 4. runs 5. carries 6.leaves 7. arrives 8. watches 9.cleans 10. stays,動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)規(guī)則 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)（she、he、it）或名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。一般情況下動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式都是直接加s 動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式：1、動(dòng)詞以ch、

8、sh、o、s、x結(jié)尾時(shí)，單數(shù)形式要加es 2、動(dòng)詞以元音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，在y后直接加s；動(dòng)詞以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí)，把y變成i再加es 3、be動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)包括am、is、are。第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)要用is；have的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)是has,動(dòng) 詞 的 -ed 形式,寫(xiě)出下列單詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞1. flow 2. stick 3.bit

9、e 4.identify5. receive 6. aim 7. limit 8.yell9. ban 10. admit,1. flow-flowed-flowed 2. stick-stuck-stuck 3. bite-bit-bitten 4. identify-identified-identified5. receive-received-received 6. aim-a

10、imed-aimed 7. limit-limited-limited 8. yell-yelled-yelled9. ban-banned-banned 10. admit-admitted-admitted,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。 1 一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed” work---worked visit---visited 2 以“e”結(jié)尾

11、的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“d” live---lived 3 以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 “y” 變?yōu)?“i” ，再加“ed” study---studied---studied 4 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ed” stop---stopped,動(dòng) 詞 的 -ing 形 式,寫(xiě)出下列單詞的-ing形式violate win

12、d swallow scanrefer quarrel breathe beginwrite forgive tie try,寫(xiě)出下列單詞的-ing形式violating winding swallowing scanningreferring quarrel(l)ing breathing beginni

13、ngwriting forgiving tying trying,1.一般在動(dòng)詞末尾直接加ing 2.以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e, 再加ing 如： have --- having3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，中間只有一個(gè)d短元音字母，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,應(yīng)雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing 如：running beginning

14、 jogging sitting getting 4.以ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，把ie變成y再加ing ，如： lie --- lying die --- dying,形容詞,副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)bad clean famous dirty big ill heavy

15、 little happy far expensive well slow easy wide carefully early thin much clever,寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)bad/ill-worse-the worstclean-cleaner-the cleanestfamous- more famous - the most famous dirty-di

16、rtier-the dirtiest big-bigger-the biggestheavy-heavier-the heaviest little-less- the least,happy-happier-the happiestfar-farther/further-the farthest/furthest expensive-more expensive-the most expensive well

17、 -better-bestslow-slower -the slowesteasy-easier--the easiest wide-wider-the widest carefully -more carefully-most carefullyearly--earlier-earliestthin --thinner-the thinnest much --more-the most clever -c

18、leverer-the cleverest,1.單音節(jié)詞在詞尾加-er構(gòu)成比較級(jí)， 加-est構(gòu)成最高級(jí) 如：hard-harder-the hardest2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞直接加-r或-st，如：late-later-the latest3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為I加er或est: 如: easy --- easier --- the easiest4.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音

19、字母再加er或est: 如: big --- bigger --- the biggest5.多音節(jié)詞前加more或most, 副詞最高級(jí)前省略the. 如: important --- more important --- the most important,6.以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞，除early外，其他均使用more/most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)early-

20、earlier-earliestwarmly-more warmly-most warmlypatiently-more patiently-most patiently,不規(guī)則變化 good / well --- better --- the best 好bad / badly / ill --- worse --- the worst 壞many / much --- more --- the most 多l(xiāng)itt

21、le --- less --- the least 少old --- older / elder --- the oldest / the eldest 老, 舊far --- farther / further --- the farthest / the furthest 遠(yuǎn),請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列形容詞的副詞形式exact complete personal probable easy frequen

22、t full automatic,形 容 詞 變 副 詞,1.直接+ly quiet—quietly different—differently confident—confidently beautiful—beautifully careful—carefully recent—recently,2. 以-le 結(jié)尾的形容詞去e + y terrible — terr

23、ibly possible— possibly comfortable— comfortably gentle— gently simple— simply reasonable— reasonably probable— probably incredible— incredibly,其它以e結(jié)尾的形容詞直接+ly wise—

24、 wisely entire— entirely polite— politely fortunate— fortunately close— closely immediate—immediately wide—widely complete--- completely,true— trulywhole— whollyfull— fullydull— dully,注意以下形

25、容詞變副詞的拼寫(xiě)特殊,3. 以 輔音+y結(jié)尾的，變y 為i+ly happy— happily easy— easily angry— angrily merry— merrily heavy— heavily noisy— noisily healthy—healthily lucky— luckily,,,4. 以ic結(jié)尾的+ally energetic— energetically auto

26、matic— automatically scientific— scientifically economic—economically basic— basically public— publicly （例外）,,注意以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 friendly lovely（可愛(ài)的，令人愉快的） lively(活潑的，生動(dòng)的，真實(shí)的） elderly(上了年紀(jì)的） lonely daily/monthly \wee

27、kly \yearly manly \ womanly brotherly \ fatherly \motherly,deadly silly,5. 形容詞與副詞 同形 fast—fast early—early hard—hard late—late far—far alone—alone little--little,6. 有兩個(gè)副詞形式的詞 high—high \ highly deep—deep\

28、deeply wide—wide\widely hard—hard \ hardly loud—loud \ loudly close—close \ closely,free --免費(fèi)地freely --隨便不拘束地hard -- 努力地、猛烈地 hardly--幾乎不 just -- 恰好、僅僅、不久前justly--公正地 ，正當(dāng)?shù)?late -- 遲地lately--最近 ,most -- 最